RosemaryBrifman: brief improve intro for accuracy and fixed typos to improve readability

2025-02-25T09:50:50Z

brief improve intro for accuracy and fixed typos to improve readability

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2023-08-18T07:07:05Z

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{{short description|Someone who supports the goals of the environmental movement}}
{{for|the political website|The Environmentalist}}

[[Image:Voynet Montreuil 2008-01-06.jpg|thumb|[[Dominique Voynet]], 2008]]

An '''environmentalist''' is a person who is concerned with and/or advocates for the protection of the environment. An environmentalist can be considered a supporter of the goals of the [[environmental movement]], "a political and ethical movement that seeks to improve and protect the quality of the [[natural environment]] through changes to environmentally harmful human activities".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/environmentalism|title=environmentalism - Ideology, History, & Types|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|date=23 July 2023 }}</ref> An environmentalist is engaged in or believes in the philosophy of [[environmentalism]] or one of the related philosophies.

[[File:John Muir - from Library-of-Congress (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[John Muir]]]]

The environmental movement has a number of subcommunities, with different approaches and focuses – each developing distinct movements and identities. Environmentalists are sometimes referred to by critics with informal or derogatory terms such as "greenie" and "tree-hugger",<ref>{{cite book|title=Oxford Dictionary of English|editor=Catherine Soanes and Angus Stevenson |publisher=Oxford University klkPress|year=2005|edition=2nd revised|isbn=978-0-19-861057-1}}</ref> with some members of the public associating the most radical environmentalists with these derogatory terms.<ref name="l">{{Cite journal|last1=Tesch|first1=Danielle|last2=Kempton|first2=Willett|date=2004-01-01|title=Who is an Environmentalist? The Polysemy of Environmentalist Terms and Correlated Environmental Actions|url=https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/jea/vol8/iss1/4|journal=Journal of Ecological Anthropology|volume=8|issue=1|pages=67–83|doi=10.5038/2162-4593.8.1.4|issn=1528-6509|doi-access=free}}</ref>

== Types ==
The environmental movement contains a number of subcommunities, that have developed with different approaches and philosophies in different parts of the world. Notably, the early environmental movement experienced a deep tension between the philosophies of [[Conservation movement|conservation]] and broader [[environmental protection]].<ref name="l" /> In recent decades the rise to prominence of [[environmental justice]], indigenous rights and key environmental crises like the [[Climate crisis|climate crises]], has led to the development of other environmentalist identities. Environmentalists can be describe as one of the following:

=== Climate activists ===
{{Main|Climate movement}}The public recognition of the [[climate crisis]] and emergence of the climate movement in the beginning of the 21st century led to a distinct group of activists. Activations like the [[School Strike for Climate|School Strike for Climate and Fridays for Future]], have led to a new generation of youth activists like [[Greta Thunberg]], [[Jamie Margolin]] and [[Vanessa Nakate]] who have created a global youth climate movement.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Yeo|first=Sophie|title=How the largest environmental movement in history was born|url=https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200420-earth-day-2020-how-an-environmental-movement-was-born|access-date=2022-02-18|website=www.bbc.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Marris|first=Emma|date=2019-09-18|title=Why young climate activists have captured the world's attention|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-02696-0|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=573|issue=7775|pages=471–472|doi=10.1038/d41586-019-02696-0|pmid=31551545 |bibcode=2019Natur.573..471M |s2cid=202749176 }}</ref>

=== Conservationists ===
One notable strain of environmentalism, comes from the philosophy of the [[conservation movement]]. Conservationists are concerned with leaving the environment in a better state than the condition they found it distinct from human interaction.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Harding|first=Russ|title=Conservationist or Environmentalist?|url=http://www.mackinac.org/9852|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203181206/http://www.mackinac.org/9852|archive-date=2008-12-03|access-date=2021-05-02|website=[[Mackinac Center for Public Policy]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Dunlap|first=Thomas R.|date=1980|title=Conservationists and Environmentalists: An Attempt at Definition|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3984106|journal=Environmental Review|volume=4|issue=1|pages=29–31|doi=10.2307/3984106|jstor=3984106 |s2cid=156539998 |issn=0147-2496}}</ref> The conservation movement is associated with the early parts of the environmental movement of the 19th and 20th century.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Harding|first=Russ|title=Conservationist or Environmentalist?|url=https://www.mackinac.org/9852|access-date=2022-02-18|website=Mackinac Center|language=en}}</ref>

=== Environmental defenders ===
{{Excerpt|environmental defender}}

=== Greens ===
{{Main|Green politics}}
The adoption of environmentalist into a distinct political ideology led to the development of political parties called "green parties", typically with a leftist political approach to overlapping issues of environmental and social wellbeing.

=== Water protectors ===
{{Excerpt|Water protectors}}

== Notable environmentalists ==

[[File:David Attenborough (cropped).jpg|thumb| Sir [[David Attenborough]] in May 2003]]
[[File:Ac.garrett1.jpg|thumb|[[Peter Garrett]] campaigning for the [[2004 Australian federal election]]]]
[[File:Al Gore.jpg|thumb|[[Al Gore]], 2007]]
[[File:Hunter Lovins.jpg|thumb|[[Hunter Lovins]], 2007]]
[[File:Artist, naturalist, Sergio Rossetti Morosini, Pico Bone, Brigadeiro Mountain, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 2017.jpg|thumb|[[Sergio Rossetti Morosini]], 2017]]
[[File:Phil Radford.jpg|thumb|[[Phil Radford]], 2011]]
[[File:19-10-2011 - Hakob Sanasaryan.jpg|thumb|[[Hakob Sanasaryan]] campaignning against illegal construction of a new ore-processing facility in [[Sotk]], 2011]]
[[File:Greta Thunberg sp119.jpg|thumb|[[Greta Thunberg]], 2018]]
[[File:Uncle Kevin Buzzacott in Adelaide 2014.JPG|thumb|right|Kevin Buzzacott (Aboriginal activist) in [[Adelaide]] 2014

]]
Some of the notable environmentalists who have been active in [[lobbying]] for [[environmental protection]] and conservation include:
*[[Mariano Abarca]] Mexican activist, assassinated in 2009)
*[[Edward Abbey]] (writer, activist, philosopher)
* [[Ansel Adams]] (photographer, writer, activist)
*[[Bayarjargal Agvaantseren]] (Mongolian conservationist)
* [[Qazi Kholiquzzaman Ahmad]] (environmental activist and economist of Bangladesh)
* [[David Attenborough]] (broadcaster, naturalist)
*[[John James Audubon]] (naturalist)
* [[Sundarlal Bahuguna]] (environmentalist)
* [[Seyyed Hossein Nasr]] (writer, philosopher)
* [[Vic Barrett]] (climate activist)
* [[Patriarch Bartholomew I]] (priest)
* [[David Bellamy]] (botanist)
*[[Ng Cho-nam]] (Hong Kong environmentalist and Associate Professor of Geography at [[University of Hong Kong]])
* [[Thomas Berry]] (priest, historian, philosopher)
* [[Wendell Berry]] (farmer, philosopher)
* [[Chandi Prasad Bhatt]] (Gandhian environmentalist)
* [[Murray Bookchin]] (anarchist, philosopher, social ecologist)
* [[Wendy Bowman (activist)|Wendy Bowman]], Australian environmental activist
* [[Stewart Brand]] (writer, founder of [[Whole Earth Catalog]])
* [[David Brower]] (writer, activist)
* [[Molly Burhans]] (cartographer, activist)
* [[Tahir Qureshi]] Mangrove Man or Mangroves Hero of [[Pakistan]]. Pakistani environmentalist.
* [[Lester Brown]] (environmentalist)
* [[Kevin Buzzacott]] (Aboriginal activist)
* [[Michelle Dilhara]] (actress)
* [[Helen Caldicott]] (medical doctor)
* [[Joan Carling]] (Filipino human rights defender)
* [[Rachel Carson]] (biologist, writer)
* [[Charles III]] (King of the [[Commonwealth realm|Commonwealth Realms]])
* [[Chevy Chase]] (comedian)
* [[Barry Commoner]] (biologist, politician)
* [[Mike Cooley (engineer)|Mike Cooley]] (engineer, trade unionist)
* [[Jacques-Yves Cousteau]] (explorer, ecologist)
* [[Faiza Darkhani]] (c. 1992), Afghani environmentalist, [[Women's rights|women's rights activist]], and educator
* [[John Denver]] (musician)
* [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] (actor)
* [[René Dubos]] (microbiologist)
* [[Paul R. Ehrlich]] (population biologist)
* [[Hans-Josef Fell]] (German [[Alliance '90/The Greens|Green Party]] member)
* [[Jane Fonda]] (actor)
* [[Rolf Gardiner]] (rural revivalist)
* [[Peter Garrett]] (musician, politician)
* [[Al Gore]] (politician, former [[Vice President of the United States]])
*[[Tom Hanks]] (actor)
* [[James Hansen]] (scientist)
* [[Rebecca Harrell Tickell]] (filmmaker, actress, activist)
* [[Denis Hayes]] (environmentalist and [[solar power]] advocate)
* [[Nicolas Hulot]] (journalist and writer)
* [[Robert Hunter (journalist)|Robert Hunter]] (journalist, co-founder and first president of [[Greenpeace]])
* [[Tetsunari Iida]] ([[sustainable energy]] advocate)
* [[Jorian Jenks]] (English farmer)
* [[Kathy Jetn̄il-Kijiner]] (poet and climate activist)
* [[Naomi Klein]] (writer, activist)
* [[Winona LaDuke]] (environmentalist)
*[[A. Carl Leopold]] (plant physiologist)
* [[Aldo Leopold]] (ecologist)
* [[Charles Lindbergh]] (aviator)
* [[James Lovelock]] (scientist)
* [[Amory Lovins]] (energy policy analyst)
* [[Hunter Lovins]] (environmentalist)
* [[Mark Lynas]] (journalist, activist)
* [[Desmond Majekodunmi]] (environmentalist)
* [[Xiuhtezcatl Martinez]] (activist)
* [[Peter Max]] (graphic designer)
* [[Michael McCarthy (journalist)|Michael McCarthy]] (naturalist, newspaper journalist, newspaper columnist, and author)
* [[Bill McKibben]] (writer, activist)
* [[David McTaggart]] (activist)
* [[Mahesh Chandra Mehta]] (lawyer, environmentalist)
* [[Chico Mendes]] (activist)
* [[George Monbiot]] (journalist)
* [[Sergio Rossetti Morosini]] (naturalist, activist)
* [[John Muir]] (naturalist, activist)
* [[Luke Mullen]] (actor, filmmaker, environmentalist/activist)
* [[Hilda Murrell]] (botanist, activist)
* [[Ralph Nader]] (activist)
* [[Gaylord Nelson]] (politician)
* [[Okefenokee Joe]] (singer, songwriter, TV host, environmentalist)
* [[Yolanda Ortiz (chemist)]], Argentine environmentalist
* [[Eugene Pandala]] (architect, environmentalist, natural and cultural heritage conservator)
* [[Medha Patkar]] (activist)
* [[Alan Pears]] ([[environmental consultant]] and [[Efficient energy use|energy efficiency pioneer]])
* [[River Phoenix]] (actor, musician, activist)
* [[Jonathon Porritt]] (politician)
* [[Phil Radford]] (environmental, clean energy and democracy advocate, [[Greenpeace]] Executive Director)
* [[Bonnie Raitt]] (musician)

* [[Clovis Razafimalala]] (Malagasy environmentalist)

* [[Theodore Roosevelt]] (former [[President of the United States]])<ref>{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/wildernesswarrio00brin_0 | url-access=registration | title=The Wilderness Warrior: Theodore Roosevelt and the Crusade for America | publisher=Harper Collins | author=Brinkley, Douglas | isbn=9780060565282| date=2009}}</ref>
* [[Hakob Sanasaryan]] (biochemist, activist)
* [[Ken Saro-Wiwa]] (writer, television producer, activist)
* [[Shimon Schwarzschild]] (writer, activist)
* [[Vandana Shiva]] (environmental activist)
* [[Swami Sundaranand]] (yogi, photographer, author and mountaineer)
* [[David Suzuki]] (scientist, broadcaster)
* [[Candice Swanepoel]] (model)
* [[Shōzō Tanaka]] (politician and activist)
* [[Saalumarada Thimmakka]]
* [[Henry David Thoreau]] (writer, philosopher)
* [[Greta Thunberg]] (activist)<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Jung|first1=Jieun|last2=Petkanic|first2=Peter|last3=Nan|first3=Dongyan|last4=Kim|first4=Jang Hyun|date=2020-03-30|title=When a Girl Awakened the World: A User and Social Message Analysis of Greta Thunberg|journal=Sustainability|language=en|volume=12|issue=7|pages=2707|doi=10.3390/su12072707|issn=2071-1050|doi-access=free}}</ref>
* [[Jo Vallentine|Jo Valentine]] (politician and activist)
* [[Harvey Wasserman]] (journalist, activist)
* [[Paul Watson]] (activist and lecturer)
* [[Franz Weber (activist)|Franz Weber]] (environmentalist and animal welfare activist)
* [[Henry Williamson]] (naturalist, writer)
*[[Wangari Maathai]] (Kenyan environmentalist, [[List of Nobel laureates|Nobel Laureate]])
*[[Aniebiet Inyang Ntui]] (Nigerian professor and environmental advocate)
*[[Vanessa Nakate]] (Ugandan youth [[climate justice]] activist, UN SDG 13 Young Leader)
*[[Nyombi Morris]] (Ugandan youth environmental activist, [[CNN]] [https://edition.cnn.com/interactive/2021/11/world/environmentalists-tomorrow-cte-day-c2e/ Environmentalist of tomorrow])
*[[Yusuf Baluch]] ([[Climate justice|Climate Justice]] Activist)

== Extension ==
In recent years, there are not only environmentalists for natural environment but also environmentalists for human environment. For instance, the activists who call for "mental green space" by getting rid of disadvantages of internet, cable TV, and smartphones have been called "info-environmentalists".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/2004/0510/p11s02-stct.html|title=E-serenity, now!|date=2004-05-10|work=Christian Science Monitor|access-date=2018-09-27|issn=0882-7729}}</ref>

==See also==
[[File:Nancy Pelosi Goldman prize 2016.jpg|thumb|[[Nancy Pelosi]] meets with the 2016 Goldman Environmental Prize recipients – six individuals who have made a profound impact in their communities and throughout the world by fighting for [[environmental justice]].]]
*[[Environmentalism]]
* [[Global 500 Roll of Honour]]
* [[Grantham Prize for Excellence in Reporting on the Environment]]
* [[Heroes of the Environment]]
* [[Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement]]
*[[conservation movement|Conservationist]]
**[[Conservation movement]]
**[[Conservation ethic]]
**[[Ecology movement]]
*[[Goldman Environmental Prize]]
*[[Green libertarianism]]
* [[Ecofascism]]
*[[Green conservatism]]
*[[List of peace activists]]
*List of people associated with renewable energy
*[[List of pro-nuclear environmentalists]]
* [[Greenpeace]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Environmentalism {{!}} Learning to Give|url=https://www.learningtogive.org/resources/environmentalism|access-date=2020-10-16|website=www.learningtogive.org}}</ref>
*[[School strike for climate]]

==References==
<references/>

==External links==

* [https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/blog/ The Environmentalist] - News blog by Greenpeace.

{{Authority control}}
{{Environmentalism}}
{{Portal bar|Politics|Environment|Society}}

[[Category:Environmentalists| ]]
[[Category:Sustainability advocates| ]]
[[Category:Political occupations]]

Environmentalist - Revision history

RosemaryBrifman: brief improve intro for accuracy and fixed typos to improve readability

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article