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{{Distinguish|Encyclopaedia Islamica|Norman Stillman|İslâm Ansiklopedisi}}
{{Update|date=February 2022}}
{{italic title}}
{{Short description|Reference work on Islam}}
[[File:EncyclopediaIslam1.JPG|thumb|Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition]]
The '''''Encyclopaedia of Islam''''' ('''''EI''''') is a [[Reference work|reference book]] that focuses on the [[Islamic studies|academic study of Islam]]. It is published by [[Brill Publishers|Brill]] and provides information on various aspects of [[Islam]] and the [[Muslim world|Islamic world]]. It is considered to be the standard reference work in the field of Islamic studies.<ref name="Greskowiak"/> The first edition was published in 1913–1938, the second in 1954–2005, and the third was begun in 2007.

== Content ==
According to Brill, the ''EI'' includes "articles on distinguished Muslims of every age and land, on tribes and dynasties, on the crafts and sciences, on political and religious institutions, on the geography, ethnography, flora and fauna of the various countries and on the history, topography and monuments of the major towns and cities. In its geographical and historical scope it encompasses the old Arabo-Islamic empire, the Islamic countries of Iran, Central Asia, the Indian sub-continent and Indonesia, the Ottoman Empire and all other Islamic countries".<ref name="Brill-description">{{cite web |url=http://www.brill.com/publications/encyclopaedia-islam |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |access-date=2016-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111023510/http://www.brill.com/publications/encyclopaedia-islam |archive-date=2016-01-11 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Standing ==
''EI'' is considered to be the standard reference work in the field of Islamic studies.<ref name="Greskowiak">{{cite web |url=http://www.brill.com/publications/encyclopaedia-islam |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |access-date=2016-01-11 |quote=It is the standard international reference for all fields of 'Islam' (Es ist das internationale Standardwerk für alle Bereiche 'des Islams'. Martin Greskowiak, Orientalistische Literaturzeitung, 1990). |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111023510/http://www.brill.com/publications/encyclopaedia-islam |archive-date=2016-01-11 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Each article was written by a recognized specialist on the relevant topic. However, unsurprisingly for a work spanning 40 years until completion, not every one of them reflects recent research.
{{quote|The most important, authoritative reference work in English on Islam and Islamic subjects. Includes long, signed articles, with bibliographies. Special emphasis is given in this (''EI2'') edition to economic and social topics, but it remains the standard encyclopedic reference on the Islamic religion in English.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.library.yale.edu/rsc/islam/dicts.htm |title=Yale University Library Research Guide: Islam |publisher=[[Yale University]] |access-date=2008-04-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070816160241/http://www.library.yale.edu/rsc/islam/dicts.htm |archive-date=August 16, 2007 }}</ref>}}
{{quote|The most important and comprehensive reference tool for Islamic studies is the ''Encyclopaedia of Islam'', an immense effort to deal with every aspect of Islamic civilization, conceived in the widest sense, from its origins down to the present day... ''EI'' is no anonymous digest of received wisdom. Most of the articles are signed, and while some are hardly more than dictionary entries, others are true research pieces – in many cases the best available treatment of their subject.<ref name="Humphreys">{{cite book |first=R. Stephen |last=Humphreys |title=Islamic History: A Framework for Inquiry |location=Princeton, New Jersey |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1991 |isbn=0-691-00856-6 |page=4 }}</ref>}}

This reference work is of fundamental importance on topics dealing with the geography, ethnography and biography of Muslim peoples.<ref name="Iranica">Elton L. Daniel, "Encyclopedia of Islam" in Encyclopædia Iranica</ref>

== Editions ==
The first edition (''EI1'') was modeled on the [[Pauly-Wissowa]] ''[[Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft]]''. ''EI1'' was created under the aegis of the [[International Union of Academies]], and coordinated by [[Leiden University]]. It was published by Brill in four volumes plus supplement from 1913 to 1938 in [[English language|English]], [[German language|German]], and [[French language|French]] editions.

An abridged version was published in 1953 as the ''Shorter Encyclopaedia of Islam'' (''SEI''), covering mainly law and religion. Excerpts of the ''SEI'' have been translated and published in [[Turkish language|Turkish]], [[Arabic language|Arabic]], and [[Urdu]].

The second edition of ''Encyclopaedia of Islam'' (''EI2'') was begun in 1954 and completed in 2005 (several indexes to be published until 2007); it is published by the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] academic publisher [[Brill Publishers|Brill]] and is available in English and French. Since 1999, (''EI2'') has been available in electronic form, in both CD-ROM and web-accessible versions. Besides a great expansion in content, the second edition of ''EI'' differs from the first mainly in incorporating the work of scholars of Muslim and [[Middle East]]ern background among its many hundreds of contributors:

{{quote|''EI1'' and ''SEI'' were produced almost entirely by European scholars, and they represent a specifically European interpretation of Islamic civilization. The point is not that this interpretation is "wrong", but that the questions addressed in these volumes often differ sharply from those which Muslims have traditionally asked about themselves. ''EI2'' is a somewhat different matter. It began in much the same way as its predecessor, but a growing proportion of the articles now come from scholars of Muslim background. The persons do not represent the traditional learning of [[Qom]] and [[Al-Azhar University|al-Azhar]], to be sure; they have been trained in Western-style universities, and they share the methodology if not always the cultural values and attitudes of their Western colleagues. Even so, the change in tone is perceptible and significant.<ref name="Humphreys"/> }}

Publication of the Third Edition of ''EI'' (''EI3'') started in 2007. It is available online, printed "Parts" appearing four times per year. The editorial team consists of twenty 'Sectional Editors' and five 'Executive Editors' (i.e. editors-in-chief). The Executive Editors are Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer ([[Free University, Berlin]]), Everett Rowson (New York University), John Nawas ([[Université catholique de Louvain|Catholic University of Leuven]]), and Denis Matringe (EHESS, CNRS). The scope of ''EI3'' includes comprehensive coverage of Islam in the twentieth century; expansion of geographical focus to include all areas where Islam has been or is a prominent or dominant aspect of society; attention to Muslim minorities all over the world; and full attention to social science as well as humanistic perspectives.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.brill.nl/default.aspx?partid=18&pid=24186 |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam Three |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |access-date=2008-04-02 |archive-date=2008-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080403030602/http://www.brill.nl/default.aspx?partid=18&pid=24186 |url-status=live }} Serial. {{ISSN|1873-9830}}.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brill.nl/uploadedFiles/EI3preview.pdf |title=IE3 Preview |date=Spring 2007 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |access-date=2008-04-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411154128/http://www.brill.nl/uploadedFiles/EI3preview.pdf |archive-date=April 11, 2008 }}</ref>

=== 1st edition, ''EI1'' ===
*{{cite book |editor=M. Th. Houtsma |editor-link=Martijn Theodoor Houtsma |title=The Encyclopædia of Islam: A Dictionary of the Geography, Ethnography and Biography of the Muhammadan Peoples |location=Leiden |publisher= [[Brill Publishers|E.J. Brill]] |display-editors=etal}} 1913–38. 4 vols. and Suppl.
**Vol.1. '''A–D''', M. Th. Houtsma, [[T. W. Arnold]], [[René Basset|R. Basset]] eds., 1913.
***Reprint [https://books.google.com/books?id=zJU3AAAAIAAJ A-Ba], [https://books.google.com/books?id=p5U3AAAAIAAJ Ba-Bu]
**Vol.2. '''E–K''', M. Th. Houtsma, [[Arent Jan Wensinck|A. J. Wensinck]], T. W. Arnold eds., 1927.
***Reprint [https://books.google.com/books?id=7CP7fYghBFQC Itk-Kan]
**Vol.3. '''L–R''', M. Th. Houtsma, A. J. Wensinck, [[Évariste Lévi-Provençal|E. Levi-Provençal]] eds., 1934.
***Reprint [https://books.google.com/books?id=Va6oSxzojzoC L-M], [https://books.google.com/books?id=fWNpIGNFz0IC Morocco-Ruyan]
**Vol.4. '''S–Z''', M. Th. Houtsma, A. J. Wensinck, [[H. A. R. Gibb]], eds., 1936.
*** Reprint [https://books.google.com/books?id=sP_hVmik-QYC S], [https://books.google.com/books?id=ro--tXw_hxMC T-Z], [https://books.google.com/books?id=GpQ3AAAAIAAJ Supplement]
***Suppl. No.1. Ab-Djughrafiya, 1934.
***Suppl. No.2. Djughrafiya-Kassala, 1936.
***Suppl. No.3. Kassala-Musha'sha', 1937.
***Suppl. No.4. Musha'sha'-Taghlib, 1937.
***Suppl. No.5. Taghlib-Ziryab, 1938.
*M. Th. Houtsma, R. Basset et T. W. Arnold, eds., ''Encyclopédie de l'Islam: Dictionnaire géographique, ethnographique et biographique des peuples musulmans. Publié avec le concours des principaux orientalistes,'' 4 vols. avec Suppl., Leyde: Brill et Paris: Picard, 1913–1938. (French)
*M. Th. Houtsma, R. Basset und T. W. Arnold, herausgegeben von, ''Enzyklopaedie des Islām : Geographisches, ethnographisches und biographisches Wörterbuch der muhammedanischen Völker,'' 5 vols., Leiden: Brill und Leipzig : O. Harrassowitz, 1913–1938. (German) – [https://archive.org/details/enzyklopaediedes01hout vol. 1], [https://archive.org/details/enzyklopaediedes03hout vol. 3], [https://archive.org/details/enzyklopaediedes04hout vol. 4]
*M. Th. Houtsma et al., eds., ''E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936,'' Leiden: E. J. Brill, 8 vols. with Supplement (vol. 9), 1993. {{ISBN|90-04-09796-1}}

=== ''SEI'' ===
*H. A. R. Gibb and J. H. Kramers eds. on behalf of the Royal Netherlands Academy, ''Shorter Encyclopäedia of Islam'', Leiden: Brill, 1953. {{ISBN|90-04-00681-8}}
*M. Th. Houtsma et al. eds., {{lang|tr|[[İslâm Ansiklopedisi]] : İslâm âlemi coğrafya, etnografya ve biyografya lûgati}}, 13 in 15 vols., İstanbul: Maarif Matbaası, 1940–1988. (Turkish)
*{{lang|ar|أحمد الشنتناوي، إبراهيم زكي خورشيد، عبد الحميد يونس، دائرة المعارف الإسلامية: اصدر بالألمانية والإنجليزية والفرنسية واعتمد في الترجمة العربية على الأصلين الإنجليزي والفرنسي، الطبعة ٢، القاهرة: دار الشعب، -۱۹٦۹|rtl=yes}} (Arabic)
*{{lang|ur|محمود ‌الحسن عارف، مختصر اردو دائرۀ معارف اسلامیه، لاهور: دانشگاه پنجاب، ۲۵ ج.ها، ۱۹۵۹-۱۹۹۳|rtl=yes}} (Urdu)

=== {{anchor|EI2}} 2nd edition, ''EI2'' ===
[[File:EncyclopediaIslam2.JPG|thumb|Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)]]
*Edited by [[P. J. Bearman]], [[Thierry Bianquis|Th. Bianquis]], [[C. E. Bosworth]], [[Emeri Johannes van Donzel|E. van Donzel]], [[W. P. Heinrichs]] et al., ''Encyclopædia of Islam,'' 2nd Edition., 12 vols. with indexes, etc., Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1960–2005
**Vol. 1, '''A – l–B''', Edited by an Editorial Committee Consisting of [[H. A. R. Gibb]], [[Johannes Hendrik Kramers|J. H. Kramers]], [[Évariste Lévi-Provençal|E. Lévi-Provençal]], [[Joseph Schacht|J. Schacht]], Assisted by [[S. M. Stern]] (pp. 1–320); – B. Lewis, Ch. Pellat and J. Schacht, Assisted by C. Dumont and R. M. Savory (pp. 321–1359). 1960. {{ISBN|90-04-08114-3}}
**Vol. 2, '''C–G''', Edited by B. Lewis, Ch. Pellat and J. Schacht. Assisted by J. Burton-Page, C. Dumont and V.L. Ménage., 1965. {{ISBN|90-04-07026-5}}
**Vol. 3, '''H–Iram''' Edited by B. Lewis, V.L. Ménage, Ch. Pellat and J. Schacht, Assisted by C. Dumont, E. van Donzel and G.R. Hawting eds., 1971. {{ISBN|90-04-08118-6}}
**Vol. 4, '''Iran–Kha''', Edited by E. van Donzel, B. Lewis and Ch. Pellat, Assisted by C. Dumont, G.R. Hawting and M. Paterson (pp. 1–256); – C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, B. Lewis and Ch. Pellat, Assisted by C. Dumont and M. Paterson (pp. 257–768); – Assisted by F. Th. Dijkema, M., 1978. {{ISBN|90-04-05745-5}}
**Vol. 5, '''Khe–Mahi''', Edited by C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, B. Lewis and Ch. Pellat, Assisted by F.Th. Dijkema and S. Nurit., 1986. {{ISBN|90-04-07819-3}}
***[https://books.google.com/books?id=xJY3AAAAIAAJ via Google Books]
**Vol. 6, '''Mahk–Mid''', Edited by C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and Ch. Pellat, Assisted by F.Th. Dijkema and S. Nurit. With B. Lewis (pp. 1–512) and W.P. Heinrichs (pp. 513–1044)., 1991. {{ISBN|90-04-08112-7}}
**Vol. 7, '''Mif–Naz''', Edited by C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs and Ch. Pellat, Assisted by F.Th. Dijkema (pp. 1–384), P. J. Bearman (pp. 385–1058) and Mme S. Nurit, 1993. {{ISBN|90-04-09419-9}}
**Vol. 8, '''Ned–Sam''', Edited by C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W. P. Heinrichs and G. Lecomte, Assisted by P.J. Bearman and Mme S. Nurit., 1995. {{ISBN|90-04-09834-8}}
**Vol. 9, '''San–Sze''', Edited by C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W. P. Heinrichs and the late G. Lecomte, 1997. {{ISBN|90-04-10422-4}}
**Vol. 10, '''Tā'–U[..]''', Edited by P. J. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W. P. Heinrichs, 2000. {{ISBN|90-04-11211-1}}
**Vol. 11, '''V–Z''', Edited by P. J. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W. P. Heinrichs, 2002. {{ISBN|90-04-12756-9}}
**Vol. 12, Supplement, Edited by P. J. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W. P. Heinrichs, 2004. {{ISBN|90-04-13974-5}}
**Glossary and index of terms to v. 1–9, 1999. {{ISBN|90-04-11635-4}}
**Index of proper names v. 1–10, 2002. {{ISBN|90-04-12107-2}}
**Index of subjects, fasc. 1, compiled by P. J. Bearman, 2005. {{ISBN|90-04-14361-0}}
**Glossary and index of terms to v. 1–12, 2006. {{ISBN|90-04-15610-0}}
**An Historical Atlas of Islam, ed., [[William C. Brice]], 1981. {{ISBN|90-04-06116-9}}
*E. van Donzel, ''Islamic desk reference: compiled from The Encyclopaedia of Islam,'' Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1994. {{ISBN|90-04-09738-4}} (an abridged selection)

=== 3rd edition, ''EI3'' ===
*Edited by Kate Fleet, [[Gudrun Krämer]], Denis Matringe, John Nawas, and [[Everett K. Rowson]], ''Encyclopædia of Islam,'' 3rd Edition., available online, printed "Parts" appearing four times per year, Leiden: E. J. Brill, 2007–. {{ISSN|1873-9830}}

==Translation==
===Urdu===
{{Main|Urdu Daira Maarif Islamiya}}
It was translated into urdu in 23 volumes named ''[[Urdu Daira Maarif Islamiya]]'', published by [[University of the Punjab]].

== Criticism ==
Historian [[Richard M. Eaton|Richard Eaton]] criticised the ''Encyclopaedia of Islam'' in the book ''India's Islamic Traditions, 711-1750'', published in 2003. He writes that in attempting to describe and define Islam, the project subscribes to the [[Orientalism#Oriental studies|Orientalist]], monolithic notion that Islam is a "bounded, self-contained entity".<ref>{{Cite book|title=India' Islamic Traditions, 711-1750|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2003|isbn=9780195659740|editor-last=Eaton|editor-first=Richard M.|pages=11}}</ref>

== See also ==
* ''[[Catholic Encyclopedia]]''
* ''[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]''
* ''[[Encyclopaedia Islamica]]''
* ''[[Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān]]''
* {{Lang|tr|[[İslâm Ansiklopedisi]]}}
* ''[[Jewish Encyclopedia]]''
* [[Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft|Pauly-Wissowa's ''Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft'']]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* ''[https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/cluster/Encyclopaedia%20of%20Islam Encyclopaedia of Islam]'' – online access, [[Brill Publishers]].
* [http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/encyclopaedia-of-islam ''Encyclopaedia of Islam''] – by [[Elton L. Daniel]] article in ''[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]''.
* {{commons category-inline}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Encyclopedias of Islam]]
[[Category:1913 non-fiction books]]
[[Category:1910s in Islam]]

Encyclopaedia of Islam - Revision history

Jimmy6788: brief fix formatting for clarity as per guidelines

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article