Edward Wickham - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 04:13, 11 November 2021
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	{{For\|the Anglican Dean of Lincoln\|Edward Wickham (priest)}}		{{For\|the Anglican Dean of Lincoln\|Edward Wickham (priest)}}
	{{good article}}		{{good article}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=August ~~2022~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2016}}
	{{Use British English\|date=August ~~2022~~}}		{{Use British English\|date=August 2016}}
	{{Infobox officeholder		{{Infobox officeholder
	\| honorific-prefix = [[Lieutenant-Colonel]]		\| honorific-prefix = [[Lieutenant-Colonel]]
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	===Military career===		===Military career===
	Edward Thomas Ruscombe Wickham was born on 4 May 1890, to William James Richard Wickham, an officer in the [[British Indian Army]], and his wife Mary Rose.<ref name="whoswho">{{cite web\|url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whowaswho/U244429/WICKHAM_Lt-Col_Edward_Thomas_Ruscombe?index=3&results=QuicksearchResults&query=0 \|title=WICKHAM, Lt-Col Edward Thomas Ruscombe \|work=[[Who's Who (UK)\|Who Was Who]] \|publisher=A & C Black \|access-date=10 January ~~2022~~}}</ref> He received his early education at [[The Oratory School]] in Birmingham.<ref name="times-obit">{{cite news \|url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CS170088732/TTDA?u=~~Bharatpedia~~&sid=TTDA&xid=b706411b \|title=Lieut.-Col. E. T. R. Wickham \|work=[[The Times]] \|date=28 August 1957 \|issue=53931 \|page=10 \|via=Gale}}</ref> In 1910, he graduated from the [[Royal Military College, Sandhurst]] and was assigned to the Indian Army as a second lieutenant.<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=28333 \|date=28 January 1910 \|page=693 }}</ref> Two years later, serving in the [[Central India Horse (21st King George V's Own Horse)\|39th King George's Own Central India Horse Regiment]], he was promoted to lieutenant.<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=28619 \|date=18 June 1912 \|page=4387 }}</ref> During the [[First World War]], he was made a temporary captain, and then later a full captain, from September 1915, although it was not until the following September that he received the pay and allowances of the rank.<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=30011 \|date=6 April 1917 \|page=3344 }}</ref>		Edward Thomas Ruscombe Wickham was born on 4 May 1890, to William James Richard Wickham, an officer in the [[British Indian Army]], and his wife Mary Rose.<ref name="whoswho">{{cite web\|url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whowaswho/U244429/WICKHAM_Lt-Col_Edward_Thomas_Ruscombe?index=3&results=QuicksearchResults&query=0 \|title=WICKHAM, Lt-Col Edward Thomas Ruscombe \|work=[[Who's Who (UK)\|Who Was Who]] \|publisher=A & C Black \|access-date=10 January 2015}}</ref> He received his early education at [[The Oratory School]] in Birmingham.<ref name="times-obit">{{cite news \|url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CS170088732/TTDA?u=wikipedia&sid=TTDA&xid=b706411b \|title=Lieut.-Col. E. T. R. Wickham \|work=[[The Times]] \|date=28 August 1957 \|issue=53931 \|page=10 \|via=Gale}}</ref> In 1910, he graduated from the [[Royal Military College, Sandhurst]] and was assigned to the Indian Army as a second lieutenant.<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=28333 \|date=28 January 1910 \|page=693 }}</ref> Two years later, serving in the [[Central India Horse (21st King George V's Own Horse)\|39th King George's Own Central India Horse Regiment]], he was promoted to lieutenant.<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=28619 \|date=18 June 1912 \|page=4387 }}</ref> During the [[First World War]], he was made a temporary captain, and then later a full captain, from September 1915, although it was not until the following September that he received the pay and allowances of the rank.<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=30011 \|date=6 April 1917 \|page=3344 }}</ref>

	After the First World War, he joined the [[Indian Political Department]],<ref name="politicdept">{{cite news \|title=To Help War Minister \|work=Lancashire Evening Post \|date=25 January 1941 \|access-date=14 January 2015 \|url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000711/19410125/007/0001 \|via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] \|url-access=subscription }}</ref> and was temporarily granted the rank of lieutenant colonel "while specially employed" as the officer in attendance for the Shah of Persia during his tour of Europe between August and November 1919,<ref name="politicdept"/><ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=31567 \|date=23 September 1919 \|page=11887 }}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=31749 \|date=20 January 1920 \|page=954 }}</ref> and then again from December 1919 to May 1921.<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=32732 \|date=25 July 1922 \|page=5525 }}</ref> In 1920, he was awarded the [[Order of the Lion and the Sun]], 3rd Class by the [[Ahmad Shah Qajar\|Shah of Persia]].<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=31736 \|date=13 January 1920 \|page=705 }}</ref> In March 1928, ranking a major, he was appointed a Member of the [[Royal Victorian Order]] (MVO).<ref>{{London Gazette \|city=e \|issue=14428 \|date=23 March 1928 \|page=350 }}</ref> He served as the officer in attendance for the [[List of monarchs of Afghanistan\|King of Afghanistan]], [[Amānullāh Khān]], in 1928.<ref name="politicdept"/> He then served in a variety of overseas roles: as an assistant financial adviser to the government of Persia, a counsellor at the British embassy in [[Kabul]], Afghanistan, a secretary to the [[Baluchistan]] chief commissioner,<ref name="times-obit"/> and later became the Deputy Foreign Secretary to the Government of India, his final role in India.<ref name="politicdept"/> He retired from the Army in January 1935, at which point he was promoted to lieutenant colonel.<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=34125 \|date=18 January 1935 \|page=461 }}</ref>		After the First World War, he joined the [[Indian Political Department]],<ref name="politicdept">{{cite news \|title=To Help War Minister \|work=Lancashire Evening Post \|date=25 January 1941 \|access-date=14 January 2015 \|url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000711/19410125/007/0001 \|via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] \|url-access=subscription }}</ref> and was temporarily granted the rank of lieutenant colonel "while specially employed" as the officer in attendance for the Shah of Persia during his tour of Europe between August and November 1919,<ref name="politicdept"/><ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=31567 \|date=23 September 1919 \|page=11887 }}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=31749 \|date=20 January 1920 \|page=954 }}</ref> and then again from December 1919 to May 1921.<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=32732 \|date=25 July 1922 \|page=5525 }}</ref> In 1920, he was awarded the [[Order of the Lion and the Sun]], 3rd Class by the [[Ahmad Shah Qajar\|Shah of Persia]].<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=31736 \|date=13 January 1920 \|page=705 }}</ref> In March 1928, ranking a major, he was appointed a Member of the [[Royal Victorian Order]] (MVO).<ref>{{London Gazette \|city=e \|issue=14428 \|date=23 March 1928 \|page=350 }}</ref> He served as the officer in attendance for the [[List of monarchs of Afghanistan\|King of Afghanistan]], [[Amānullāh Khān]], in 1928.<ref name="politicdept"/> He then served in a variety of overseas roles: as an assistant financial adviser to the government of Persia, a counsellor at the British embassy in [[Kabul]], Afghanistan, a secretary to the [[Baluchistan]] chief commissioner,<ref name="times-obit"/> and later became the Deputy Foreign Secretary to the Government of India, his final role in India.<ref name="politicdept"/> He retired from the Army in January 1935, at which point he was promoted to lieutenant colonel.<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=34125 \|date=18 January 1935 \|page=461 }}</ref>
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	[[Hamilton Gault]], the standing [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)\|member of parliament]] (MP) for [[Taunton (UK Parliament constituency)\|Taunton]] announced that he would not seek re-election in the [[1935 United Kingdom general election\|1935 general election]], having served as the constituency's MP for the previous ten years. The Taunton branch of the [[Conservative Party (UK)\|Conservative Party]] invited Wickham, who was living in London at the time, to contest the election for them.<ref>{{cite news \|title=New Conservative Candidate \|work=Western Daily Press \|date=4 February 1935 \|access-date=13 January 2015 \|url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000513/19350204/057/0007 \|via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] \|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Despite his residence, Wickham was described as coming from an "old [[Somerset]] family", and he confirmed that if he was elected, he would move to Taunton.<ref>{{cite news \|title=Conservatives of Taunton \|work=Western Daily Press \|date=11 February 1935 \|access-date=13 January 2015 \|url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000513/19350211/131/0011 \|via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] \|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The [[Labour Party (UK)\|Labour Party]] was the only other party to contest the election, putting forward James Lunnon, who had previously acted as an organising secretary for the Agricultural Workers Union.<ref>{{cite news \|title=Straight Fight at Taunton \|work=Western Daily Press \|date=26 October 1935 \|access-date=13 January 2015 \|url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000513/19351026/052/0007 \|via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] \|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The main topics during the election were agriculture and armament.<ref>{{cite news \|title=Taunton and the Election \|work=Taunton Courier \|date=13 November 1935 \|access-date=14 January 2015 \|url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000527/19351113/057/0004 \|via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] \|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The election was held on Thursday 14 November, and Wickham was returned with a majority of 8,224, holding the seat for the Conservative Party.<ref name="1935result">{{cite news \|title=Election of Lieut-Colonel E. T. R. Wickham \|work=Taunton Courier \|date=20 November 1935 \|access-date=14 January 2015 \|url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000527/19351120/054/0004 \|via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] \|url-access=subscription }}</ref>		[[Hamilton Gault]], the standing [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)\|member of parliament]] (MP) for [[Taunton (UK Parliament constituency)\|Taunton]] announced that he would not seek re-election in the [[1935 United Kingdom general election\|1935 general election]], having served as the constituency's MP for the previous ten years. The Taunton branch of the [[Conservative Party (UK)\|Conservative Party]] invited Wickham, who was living in London at the time, to contest the election for them.<ref>{{cite news \|title=New Conservative Candidate \|work=Western Daily Press \|date=4 February 1935 \|access-date=13 January 2015 \|url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000513/19350204/057/0007 \|via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] \|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Despite his residence, Wickham was described as coming from an "old [[Somerset]] family", and he confirmed that if he was elected, he would move to Taunton.<ref>{{cite news \|title=Conservatives of Taunton \|work=Western Daily Press \|date=11 February 1935 \|access-date=13 January 2015 \|url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000513/19350211/131/0011 \|via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] \|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The [[Labour Party (UK)\|Labour Party]] was the only other party to contest the election, putting forward James Lunnon, who had previously acted as an organising secretary for the Agricultural Workers Union.<ref>{{cite news \|title=Straight Fight at Taunton \|work=Western Daily Press \|date=26 October 1935 \|access-date=13 January 2015 \|url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000513/19351026/052/0007 \|via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] \|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The main topics during the election were agriculture and armament.<ref>{{cite news \|title=Taunton and the Election \|work=Taunton Courier \|date=13 November 1935 \|access-date=14 January 2015 \|url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000527/19351113/057/0004 \|via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] \|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The election was held on Thursday 14 November, and Wickham was returned with a majority of 8,224, holding the seat for the Conservative Party.<ref name="1935result">{{cite news \|title=Election of Lieut-Colonel E. T. R. Wickham \|work=Taunton Courier \|date=20 November 1935 \|access-date=14 January 2015 \|url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000527/19351120/054/0004 \|via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] \|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

	During his time in office, Wickham first addressed the [[House of Commons of England\|House of Commons]] in March 1937, to speak about foreign policy.<ref name="hansard">{{cite web\|url=http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/people/lieut-colonel-edward-wickham/ \|title=Lieut-Colonel Edward Wickham \|publisher=Hansard 1803–2005 \|access-date=14 January ~~2022~~}}</ref> He spoke at length on the subject again the following year.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/people/lieut-colonel-edward-wickham/1938 \|title=Lieut-Colonel Edward Wickham: 1938 contributions \|publisher=Hansard 1803–2005 \|access-date=14 January ~~2022~~}}</ref> He was appointed as a [[Parliamentary Private Secretary]] to [[Florence Horsbrugh, Baroness Horsbrugh\|Florence Horsbrugh]] in the [[Ministry of Health (United Kingdom)\|Ministry of Health]] in July 1939,<ref>{{cite news \|title=Col. Wickham's Appointment \|work=Taunton Courier \|date=29 July 1939 \|access-date=14 January 2015 \|url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000528/19390729/202/0008 \|via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] \|url-access=subscription }}</ref> and in November 1939 switched to the same role under the [[Secretary of State for War]], [[Leslie Hore-Belisha, 1st Baron Hore-Belisha\|Leslie Hore-Belisha]].<ref>{{cite news \|title=M.P. for Taunton \|work=Western Morning News \|date=27 November 1939 \|access-date=14 January 2015 \|url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000329/19391127/023/0004 \|via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] \|url-access=subscription }}</ref> When Hore-Belisha resigned from his post six weeks later, Wickham also left his position in the War Office.<ref>{{cite news \|title=Col. Wickham and Mr. Hore-Belisha \|work=Taunton Courier \|date=27 January 1940 \|access-date=14 January 2015 \|url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000528/19400127/082/0003 \|via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] \|url-access=subscription }}</ref> He was appointed to another Parliamentary Private Secretary role in June 1940, assisting [[Victor Warrender, 1st Baron Bruntisfield\|Victor Warrender]], the [[Secretary to the Admiralty\|Financial Secretary to the Admiralty]].<ref>{{cite news \|title=Colonel Wickham's New Post \|work=Taunton Courier \|date=8 June 1940 \|access-date=14 January 2015 \|url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000528/19400608/066/0003 \|via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] \|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Eight months later, he took on the role under the Secretary of State for War, this time [[David Margesson, 1st Viscount Margesson\|David Margesson]].<ref>{{cite news \|title=War Office Post for Col. Wickham, M.P. \|work=Taunton Courier \|date=8 February 1941 \|access-date=14 January 2015 \|url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000528/19410208/029/0004 \|via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] \|url-access=subscription }}</ref> In 1944 he led a parliamentary delegation to Australia and New Zealand,<ref name="whoswho"/> and the following year visited the [[Buchenwald concentration camp]].<ref name="1945result">{{cite news \|title=First Labour Win in Taunton Division \|work=Taunton Courier \|date=28 July 1945 \|access-date=14 January 2015 \|url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000528/19450728/123/0008 \|via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] \|url-access=subscription }}</ref>		During his time in office, Wickham first addressed the [[House of Commons of England\|House of Commons]] in March 1937, to speak about foreign policy.<ref name="hansard">{{cite web\|url=http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/people/lieut-colonel-edward-wickham/ \|title=Lieut-Colonel Edward Wickham \|publisher=Hansard 1803–2005 \|access-date=14 January 2015}}</ref> He spoke at length on the subject again the following year.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/people/lieut-colonel-edward-wickham/1938 \|title=Lieut-Colonel Edward Wickham: 1938 contributions \|publisher=Hansard 1803–2005 \|access-date=14 January 2015}}</ref> He was appointed as a [[Parliamentary Private Secretary]] to [[Florence Horsbrugh, Baroness Horsbrugh\|Florence Horsbrugh]] in the [[Ministry of Health (United Kingdom)\|Ministry of Health]] in July 1939,<ref>{{cite news \|title=Col. Wickham's Appointment \|work=Taunton Courier \|date=29 July 1939 \|access-date=14 January 2015 \|url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000528/19390729/202/0008 \|via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] \|url-access=subscription }}</ref> and in November 1939 switched to the same role under the [[Secretary of State for War]], [[Leslie Hore-Belisha, 1st Baron Hore-Belisha\|Leslie Hore-Belisha]].<ref>{{cite news \|title=M.P. for Taunton \|work=Western Morning News \|date=27 November 1939 \|access-date=14 January 2015 \|url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000329/19391127/023/0004 \|via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] \|url-access=subscription }}</ref> When Hore-Belisha resigned from his post six weeks later, Wickham also left his position in the War Office.<ref>{{cite news \|title=Col. Wickham and Mr. Hore-Belisha \|work=Taunton Courier \|date=27 January 1940 \|access-date=14 January 2015 \|url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000528/19400127/082/0003 \|via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] \|url-access=subscription }}</ref> He was appointed to another Parliamentary Private Secretary role in June 1940, assisting [[Victor Warrender, 1st Baron Bruntisfield\|Victor Warrender]], the [[Secretary to the Admiralty\|Financial Secretary to the Admiralty]].<ref>{{cite news \|title=Colonel Wickham's New Post \|work=Taunton Courier \|date=8 June 1940 \|access-date=14 January 2015 \|url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000528/19400608/066/0003 \|via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] \|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Eight months later, he took on the role under the Secretary of State for War, this time [[David Margesson, 1st Viscount Margesson\|David Margesson]].<ref>{{cite news \|title=War Office Post for Col. Wickham, M.P. \|work=Taunton Courier \|date=8 February 1941 \|access-date=14 January 2015 \|url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000528/19410208/029/0004 \|via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] \|url-access=subscription }}</ref> In 1944 he led a parliamentary delegation to Australia and New Zealand,<ref name="whoswho"/> and the following year visited the [[Buchenwald concentration camp]].<ref name="1945result">{{cite news \|title=First Labour Win in Taunton Division \|work=Taunton Courier \|date=28 July 1945 \|access-date=14 January 2015 \|url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000528/19450728/123/0008 \|via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] \|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

	General elections had been suspended during the Second World War, and after Wickham's election in 1935, another one was not held until [[1945 United Kingdom general election\|1945]]. He again stood for the Conservative Party, with [[Victor Collins, Baron Stonham\|Victor Collins]] contesting the seat for Labour. During the election on 5 July, which was a landslide victory for the Labour Party, the Conservatives lost 182 seats, including that of Taunton. Wickham was defeated by a majority of 2,118 votes.<ref name="1945result"/> His last address to the House of Commons had been in May 1945, on the subject of air services to Australia and India.<ref name="hansard"/> The following year, he announced that he would not contest the Taunton seat at the next election.<ref>{{cite news \|title=Col. Tom Wickham \|work=Taunton Courier \|date=5 January 1946 \|access-date=14 January 2015 \|url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000528/19460105/040/0004 \|via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] \|url-access=subscription }}</ref>		General elections had been suspended during the Second World War, and after Wickham's election in 1935, another one was not held until [[1945 United Kingdom general election\|1945]]. He again stood for the Conservative Party, with [[Victor Collins, Baron Stonham\|Victor Collins]] contesting the seat for Labour. During the election on 5 July, which was a landslide victory for the Labour Party, the Conservatives lost 182 seats, including that of Taunton. Wickham was defeated by a majority of 2,118 votes.<ref name="1945result"/> His last address to the House of Commons had been in May 1945, on the subject of air services to Australia and India.<ref name="hansard"/> The following year, he announced that he would not contest the Taunton seat at the next election.<ref>{{cite news \|title=Col. Tom Wickham \|work=Taunton Courier \|date=5 January 1946 \|access-date=14 January 2015 \|url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000528/19460105/040/0004 \|via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] \|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

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{{short description|British politician (1890–1957)}}
{{For|the Anglican Dean of Lincoln|Edward Wickham (priest)}}
{{good article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[Lieutenant-Colonel]]
| name = Edward Wickham
| honorific-suffix = [[Royal Victorian Order|MVO]]
| image = E. T. R. Wickham, 1944, Australia.jpg
| caption = Wickham in Australia, 1944
| office = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] <br /> for [[Taunton (UK Parliament constituency)|Taunton]]
| term_start = 1935
| term_end = 1945
| predecessor = [[Hamilton Gault]]
| successor = [[Victor Collins, Baron Stonham|Victor Collins]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1890|5|4|df=y}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1957|8|25|1890|5|4|df=y}}
| death_place =
| nationality = British
| party = [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]]
| children =
| alma_mater =
| allegiance = {{flagcountry|UKGBI}}
| branch = {{Army|UK}}
| serviceyears = 1910–1935
| rank = [[File:British Army OF-4.svg|15px]] [[Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)|Lieutenant colonel]]
| commands =
| unit = [[Central India Horse (21st King George V's Own Horse)|Central India Horse]]
| battles = [[World War I]]
| awards =
}}
[[Lieutenant-Colonel]] '''Edward Thomas Ruscombe Wickham''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR-cats|MVO}} (4 May 1890 – 25 August 1957) was a [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] politician who served as the [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] (MP) for [[Taunton (UK Parliament constituency)|Taunton]] from 1935 until 1945. He had previously served in India from 1910 until 1935, first as an officer in the [[British Indian Army]], and later a member of the [[Indian Political Department]]. From 1919 to 1921, he acted as officer in attendance for the European tour of the [[Ahmad Shah Qajar|Shah of Persia]], who awarded him the [[Order of the Lion and the Sun]], 3rd Class. He fulfilled the same duties in 1928 for the [[Amānullāh Khān|King of Afghanistan]]. During his time as an MP, he served as a [[Parliamentary Private Secretary]] to two [[Secretary of State for War|Secretaries of State for War]], led a delegation to Australia and New Zealand in 1944, and visited a [[Nazi concentration camps|concentration camp]] soon after the [[Second world war|Second World War]].

==Life and career==

===Military career===
Edward Thomas Ruscombe Wickham was born on 4 May 1890, to William James Richard Wickham, an officer in the [[British Indian Army]], and his wife Mary Rose.<ref name="whoswho">{{cite web|url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whowaswho/U244429/WICKHAM_Lt-Col_Edward_Thomas_Ruscombe?index=3&results=QuicksearchResults&query=0 |title=WICKHAM, Lt-Col Edward Thomas Ruscombe |work=[[Who's Who (UK)|Who Was Who]] |publisher=A & C Black |access-date=10 January 2022}}</ref> He received his early education at [[The Oratory School]] in Birmingham.<ref name="times-obit">{{cite news |url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CS170088732/TTDA?u=Bharatpedia&sid=TTDA&xid=b706411b |title=Lieut.-Col. E. T. R. Wickham |work=[[The Times]] |date=28 August 1957 |issue=53931 |page=10 |via=Gale}}</ref> In 1910, he graduated from the [[Royal Military College, Sandhurst]] and was assigned to the Indian Army as a second lieutenant.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=28333 |date=28 January 1910 |page=693 }}</ref> Two years later, serving in the [[Central India Horse (21st King George V's Own Horse)|39th King George's Own Central India Horse Regiment]], he was promoted to lieutenant.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=28619 |date=18 June 1912 |page=4387 }}</ref> During the [[First World War]], he was made a temporary captain, and then later a full captain, from September 1915, although it was not until the following September that he received the pay and allowances of the rank.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=30011 |date=6 April 1917 |page=3344 }}</ref>

After the First World War, he joined the [[Indian Political Department]],<ref name="politicdept">{{cite news |title=To Help War Minister |work=Lancashire Evening Post |date=25 January 1941 |access-date=14 January 2015 |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000711/19410125/007/0001 |via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] |url-access=subscription }}</ref> and was temporarily granted the rank of lieutenant colonel "while specially employed" as the officer in attendance for the Shah of Persia during his tour of Europe between August and November 1919,<ref name="politicdept"/><ref>{{London Gazette |issue=31567 |date=23 September 1919 |page=11887 }}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette |issue=31749 |date=20 January 1920 |page=954 }}</ref> and then again from December 1919 to May 1921.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=32732 |date=25 July 1922 |page=5525 }}</ref> In 1920, he was awarded the [[Order of the Lion and the Sun]], 3rd Class by the [[Ahmad Shah Qajar|Shah of Persia]].<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=31736 |date=13 January 1920 |page=705 }}</ref> In March 1928, ranking a major, he was appointed a Member of the [[Royal Victorian Order]] (MVO).<ref>{{London Gazette |city=e |issue=14428 |date=23 March 1928 |page=350 }}</ref> He served as the officer in attendance for the [[List of monarchs of Afghanistan|King of Afghanistan]], [[Amānullāh Khān]], in 1928.<ref name="politicdept"/> He then served in a variety of overseas roles: as an assistant financial adviser to the government of Persia, a counsellor at the British embassy in [[Kabul]], Afghanistan, a secretary to the [[Baluchistan]] chief commissioner,<ref name="times-obit"/> and later became the Deputy Foreign Secretary to the Government of India, his final role in India.<ref name="politicdept"/> He retired from the Army in January 1935, at which point he was promoted to lieutenant colonel.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=34125 |date=18 January 1935 |page=461 }}</ref>

===Member of Parliament===
[[Hamilton Gault]], the standing [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|member of parliament]] (MP) for [[Taunton (UK Parliament constituency)|Taunton]] announced that he would not seek re-election in the [[1935 United Kingdom general election|1935 general election]], having served as the constituency's MP for the previous ten years. The Taunton branch of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] invited Wickham, who was living in London at the time, to contest the election for them.<ref>{{cite news |title=New Conservative Candidate |work=Western Daily Press |date=4 February 1935 |access-date=13 January 2015 |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000513/19350204/057/0007 |via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Despite his residence, Wickham was described as coming from an "old [[Somerset]] family", and he confirmed that if he was elected, he would move to Taunton.<ref>{{cite news |title=Conservatives of Taunton |work=Western Daily Press |date=11 February 1935 |access-date=13 January 2015 |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000513/19350211/131/0011 |via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] |url-access=subscription }}</ref> The [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] was the only other party to contest the election, putting forward James Lunnon, who had previously acted as an organising secretary for the Agricultural Workers Union.<ref>{{cite news |title=Straight Fight at Taunton |work=Western Daily Press |date=26 October 1935 |access-date=13 January 2015 |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000513/19351026/052/0007 |via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] |url-access=subscription }}</ref> The main topics during the election were agriculture and armament.<ref>{{cite news |title=Taunton and the Election |work=Taunton Courier |date=13 November 1935 |access-date=14 January 2015 |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000527/19351113/057/0004 |via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] |url-access=subscription }}</ref> The election was held on Thursday 14 November, and Wickham was returned with a majority of 8,224, holding the seat for the Conservative Party.<ref name="1935result">{{cite news |title=Election of Lieut-Colonel E. T. R. Wickham |work=Taunton Courier |date=20 November 1935 |access-date=14 January 2015 |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000527/19351120/054/0004 |via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

During his time in office, Wickham first addressed the [[House of Commons of England|House of Commons]] in March 1937, to speak about foreign policy.<ref name="hansard">{{cite web|url=http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/people/lieut-colonel-edward-wickham/ |title=Lieut-Colonel Edward Wickham |publisher=Hansard 1803–2005 |access-date=14 January 2022}}</ref> He spoke at length on the subject again the following year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/people/lieut-colonel-edward-wickham/1938 |title=Lieut-Colonel Edward Wickham: 1938 contributions |publisher=Hansard 1803–2005 |access-date=14 January 2022}}</ref> He was appointed as a [[Parliamentary Private Secretary]] to [[Florence Horsbrugh, Baroness Horsbrugh|Florence Horsbrugh]] in the [[Ministry of Health (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Health]] in July 1939,<ref>{{cite news |title=Col. Wickham's Appointment |work=Taunton Courier |date=29 July 1939 |access-date=14 January 2015 |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000528/19390729/202/0008 |via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] |url-access=subscription }}</ref> and in November 1939 switched to the same role under the [[Secretary of State for War]], [[Leslie Hore-Belisha, 1st Baron Hore-Belisha|Leslie Hore-Belisha]].<ref>{{cite news |title=M.P. for Taunton |work=Western Morning News |date=27 November 1939 |access-date=14 January 2015 |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000329/19391127/023/0004 |via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] |url-access=subscription }}</ref> When Hore-Belisha resigned from his post six weeks later, Wickham also left his position in the War Office.<ref>{{cite news |title=Col. Wickham and Mr. Hore-Belisha |work=Taunton Courier |date=27 January 1940 |access-date=14 January 2015 |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000528/19400127/082/0003 |via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] |url-access=subscription }}</ref> He was appointed to another Parliamentary Private Secretary role in June 1940, assisting [[Victor Warrender, 1st Baron Bruntisfield|Victor Warrender]], the [[Secretary to the Admiralty|Financial Secretary to the Admiralty]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Colonel Wickham's New Post |work=Taunton Courier |date=8 June 1940 |access-date=14 January 2015 |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000528/19400608/066/0003 |via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Eight months later, he took on the role under the Secretary of State for War, this time [[David Margesson, 1st Viscount Margesson|David Margesson]].<ref>{{cite news |title=War Office Post for Col. Wickham, M.P. |work=Taunton Courier |date=8 February 1941 |access-date=14 January 2015 |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000528/19410208/029/0004 |via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] |url-access=subscription }}</ref> In 1944 he led a parliamentary delegation to Australia and New Zealand,<ref name="whoswho"/> and the following year visited the [[Buchenwald concentration camp]].<ref name="1945result">{{cite news |title=First Labour Win in Taunton Division |work=Taunton Courier |date=28 July 1945 |access-date=14 January 2015 |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000528/19450728/123/0008 |via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

General elections had been suspended during the Second World War, and after Wickham's election in 1935, another one was not held until [[1945 United Kingdom general election|1945]]. He again stood for the Conservative Party, with [[Victor Collins, Baron Stonham|Victor Collins]] contesting the seat for Labour. During the election on 5 July, which was a landslide victory for the Labour Party, the Conservatives lost 182 seats, including that of Taunton. Wickham was defeated by a majority of 2,118 votes.<ref name="1945result"/> His last address to the House of Commons had been in May 1945, on the subject of air services to Australia and India.<ref name="hansard"/> The following year, he announced that he would not contest the Taunton seat at the next election.<ref>{{cite news |title=Col. Tom Wickham |work=Taunton Courier |date=5 January 1946 |access-date=14 January 2015 |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000528/19460105/040/0004 |via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

===Later life===
Wickham later acted as the vice-chairman of the [[Van Heusen (brand)|British Van Heusen Company]], and the director of its subsidiary, J. & J. Ashton Ltd.<ref name="whoswho"/> He died in [[Liss, Hampshire]], at the age of 67 on 25 August 1957.<ref name="times-obit"/>

== References ==
{{reflist|3}}

== External links ==
* {{Hansard-contribs | lieut-colonel-edward-wickham | Edward Wickham }}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|uk}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Taunton (UK Parliament constituency)|Taunton]]
| years = [[1935 United Kingdom general election|1935]]–[[1945 United Kingdom general election|1945]]
| before = [[Hamilton Gault]]
| after = [[Victor Collins, Baron Stonham|Victor Collins]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wickham, Edward}}
[[Category:1890 births]]
[[Category:1957 deaths]]
[[Category:British Indian Army officers]]
[[Category:Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies]]
[[Category:People from Somerset]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1935–1945]]
[[Category:Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst]]