Edward Harrison (British administrator) - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 23:05, 29 December 2025
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	{{short description\|British colonial administrator}}		{{short description\|British colonial administrator and politician}}
	{{EngvarB\|date=June 2017}}		{{EngvarB\|date=June 2017}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=June 2017}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=June 2017}}
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	\| name = Edward Harrison		\| name = Edward Harrison
	\| image = Edward Harrison.jpg		\| image = Edward Harrison.jpg
			\| image_size = 220
			\| caption = Portrait by [[Godfrey Kneller]]
	\| order =		\| order =
	\| office = President of Fort St George (Madras)		\| office = President of Fort St George (Madras)
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	\| predecessor = [[William Fraser (British administrator)\|William Fraser]] ''(acting)''		\| predecessor = [[William Fraser (British administrator)\|William Fraser]] ''(acting)''
	\| successor = [[Joseph Collett]]		\| successor = [[Joseph Collett]]
			\| module = {{infobox person
			\| embed = yes
	\| birth_date = 3 December 1674		\| birth_date = 3 December 1674
	\| birth_place =		\| birth_place =
	\| death_date = 28 ~~November 1732~~		\| death_date = {{death date and age\|df=y\|1732\|11\|28\|1674\|12\|3}}
	\| death_place =		\| death_place =
			\| father = [[Richard Harrison (died 1726)\|Richard Harrison]]
			\| relatives = {{nowrap\|[[George Villiers, 4th Viscount Grandison\|George Villiers]] (maternal grandfather)}}
	\| party =		\| party =
	\| spouse = Frances Bray (1674–1752)		\| spouse = Frances Bray (1674–1752)
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	\| signature = Edward Harrison.JPG		\| signature = Edward Harrison.JPG
	}}		}}
	'''Edward Harrison''' (3 December 1674 – 28 November 1732)<ref name="edward_peerage">{{Cite web\|url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p2615.htm\|title=A genealogical survey of the peerage of Britain as well as the royal families of Europe Person Page – 2615\|accessdate=26 April 2008\|publisher=peerage.com}}</ref> was a naval officer and official of the [[East India Company]]<ref name="edward_peerage" /> and British politician who sat in the [[British House of Commons\|House of Commons]] from 1717 to 1726. He served as the [[Madras Presidency\|President of Madras]] from 11 July 1711 to 8 January 1717.<ref name="ODNB">{{cite ODNB\|id=68358\|first=John\|last=Martin\|title=Townshend, Etheldreda}}</ref>		}}

			'''Edward Harrison''' (3 December 1674 – 28 November 1732) was a British colonial administrator and politician who sat in the [[House of Commons of Great Britain]] from 1717 to 1726. He served as the [[Madras Presidency\|President of Madras]] from 11 July 1711 to 8 January 1717.<ref name="edward_peerage">{{Cite web\|url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p2615.htm\|title=A genealogical survey of the peerage of Britain as well as the royal families of Europe Person Page – 2615\|accessdate=26 April 2008\|publisher=peerage.com}}</ref><ref name="ODNB">{{cite ODNB\|id=68358\|first=John\|last=Martin\|title=Townshend, Etheldreda}}</ref>

	== Early life ==		== Early life ==

	Edward Harrison was born in England to [[Richard Harrison (died 1726)\|Richard Harrison]] and Audrey Villiers daughter of [[George Villiers, 4th Viscount Grandison]].<ref name="edward_peerage" /> He went to India as a purser, and became a captain of ships trading with China. He was Captain of the East Indiaman Gosfright in 1701, and of the Kent in 1709. Sometime before 1708 he married Frances Bray, daughter of Reginald Bray of Great Barrington, Gloucestershire. Her brothers Edmund and William Bray were Members of Parliament.<ref name = HOP>{{cite web\| url =https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1715-1754/member/harrison-edward-1674-1732 \| title=HARRISON, Edward (1674–1732), of Balls Park, nr. Hertford. \| publisher= History of Parliament Online\| accessdate = 17 September 2018}}</ref>		Edward Harrison was born in England to [[Richard Harrison (died 1726)\|Richard Harrison]] and Audrey Villiers daughter of [[George Villiers, 4th Viscount Grandison]].<ref name="edward_peerage" /> He went to India as a purser, and became a captain of ships trading with China. He was Captain of the East Indiaman Gosfright in 1701, and of the Kent in 1709. Sometime before 1708 he married Frances Bray, daughter of Reginald Bray of [[Great Barrington, Gloucestershire]]. Her brothers Edmund and William Bray were Members of Parliament.<ref name = HOP>{{cite web\| url =https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1715-1754/member/harrison-edward-1674-1732 \| title=HARRISON, Edward (1674–1732), of Balls Park, nr. Hertford. \| publisher= History of Parliament Online\| accessdate = 17 September 2018}}</ref>

	== Tenure as President of Madras==		== Tenure as President of Madras==
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	=== Postal service ===		=== Postal service ===

	It was during Edward Harrison's time that a [[Mail\|postal service]] was established between the factories at [[Madras]] and [[Calcutta]]. This was the first postal system established by the British East India Company in India.<ref name="postal_system">{{cite news \| last=Muthiah \| first=S. \| title=Beginnings of a postal service \| date=12 November 2007 \| url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2007/11/12/stories/2007111250370500.htm \| work=The Hindu: Metro Plus Chennai \| accessdate=26 April 2008 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108101115/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2007/11/12/stories/2007111250370500.htm \| archive-date=8 January 2009 \| url-status=~~dead~~ }}</ref> Mail was carried by runners or ''Tappy peons'' who travelled all the way to [[Ganjam]] where they exchanged mails with runners from Calcutta.		It was during Edward Harrison's time that a [[Mail\|postal service]] was established between the factories at [[Madras]] and [[Calcutta]]. This was the first postal system established by the British East India Company in India.<ref name="postal_system">{{cite news \| last=Muthiah \| first=S. \| title=Beginnings of a postal service \| date=12 November 2007 \| url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2007/11/12/stories/2007111250370500.htm \| work=The Hindu: Metro Plus Chennai \| accessdate=26 April 2008 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108101115/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2007/11/12/stories/2007111250370500.htm \| archive-date=8 January 2009 \| url-status=usurped }}</ref> Mail was carried by runners or ''Tappy peons'' who travelled all the way to [[Ganjam]] where they exchanged mails with runners from Calcutta.

	=== Armenian Church ===		=== Armenian Church ===
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	=== Richard Raworth's Rebellion ===		=== Richard Raworth's Rebellion ===

	In October 1713, Richard Raworth, Deputy Governor of Fort St David broke into rebellion and shook off his allegiance to Fort St George. Harrison immediately deputed a small force commanded by Henry Davenport to invade Fort St David and remove Raworth.<ref name="raworth_rebellion">{{Cite web\|url=~~http~~://cuddalore-history.blogspot.com/2006/12/raworths-rebellion-1713.html\|title=Richard Raworth's Rebellion 1713\|accessdate=26 April 2008\|author=Madhusudanan, Nick Balmer}}</ref> Henry Davenport was commissioned as the provisional Deputy Governor of Fort St David on 10 October 1713.		In October 1713, Richard Raworth, Deputy Governor of Fort St David broke into rebellion and shook off his allegiance to Fort St George. Harrison immediately deputed a small force commanded by Henry Davenport to invade Fort St David and remove Raworth.<ref name="raworth_rebellion">{{Cite web\|url=https://cuddalore-history.blogspot.com/2006/12/raworths-rebellion-1713.html\|title=Richard Raworth's Rebellion 1713\|accessdate=26 April 2008\|author=Madhusudanan, Nick Balmer}}</ref> Henry Davenport was commissioned as the provisional Deputy Governor of Fort St David on 10 October 1713.

	The force reached Fort St David on 18 October 1713 after passing through [[Mangadu]], [[Pondicherry (city)\|Pondicherry]] and [[Cuddalore]].<ref name="raworth_rebellion" /> Condapah Choultry was taken and a strong ultimatum was issued to Raworth.<ref name="raworth_rebellion" /> Besieged and starved for the want of provisions, Raworth finally agreed to a settlement on 10 December 1713 and with the mediation of the French of [[Pondicherry]], Raworth was finally pardoned and allowed to seek asylum in France.		The force reached Fort St David on 18 October 1713 after passing through [[Mangadu]], [[Pondicherry (city)\|Pondicherry]] and [[Cuddalore]].<ref name="raworth_rebellion" /> Condapah Choultry was taken and a strong ultimatum was issued to Raworth.<ref name="raworth_rebellion" /> Besieged and starved for the want of provisions, Raworth finally agreed to a settlement on 10 December 1713 and with the mediation of the French of [[Puducherry (city)\|Pondicherry]], Raworth was finally pardoned and allowed to seek asylum in France.

	=== Caste disturbances in Madras ===		=== Caste disturbances in Madras ===
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	== Later life ==		== Later life ==
	[[File:Balls Park - geograph.org.uk - 271851.jpg\|thumb\|right\|400px\|Balls Park]]		[[File:Balls Park - geograph.org.uk - 271851.jpg\|thumb\|right\|400px\|Balls Park]]
	On his return to England, Harrison was returned as Member of Parliament for [[Weymouth and Melcombe Regis (UK Parliament constituency)\|Weymouth and Melcombe Regis]] at a by-election on 2 March 1717.He became a Director of the East India Company in 1718 and remained until 1731. At the [[1722 British general election\|1722 general election]], he switched seats to his home area of Hertford and was elected top of the poll for [[Hertford (UK Parliament constituency)\|Hertford]]. He was deputy chairman of the East India Company in 1723. In 1726, his father died and he inherited [[Balls Park]]. He vacated his seat at Hertford in favour of his brother George on 10 August 1726, when he was appointed [[United Kingdom Postmaster General\|Postmaster-General]]. He was deputy chairman of the EIC in 1728, chairman in 1729 and deputy again in 1731.<ref name=HOP/>		On his return to England, Harrison was returned as Member of Parliament for [[Weymouth and Melcombe Regis (UK Parliament constituency)\|Weymouth and Melcombe Regis]] at a by-election on 2 March 1717. He became a Director of the East India Company in 1718 and remained until 1731. At the [[1722 British general election\|1722 general election]], he switched seats to his home area of Hertford and was elected top of the poll for [[Hertford (UK Parliament constituency)\|Hertford]]. He was deputy chairman of the East India Company in 1723. In 1726, his father died and he inherited [[Balls Park]]. He vacated his seat at Hertford in favour of his brother George on 10 August 1726, when he was appointed [[United Kingdom Postmaster General\|Postmaster-General]]. He was deputy chairman of the EIC in 1728, chairman in 1729 and deputy again in 1731.<ref name=HOP/>

	Harrison died on 28 November 1732. Through his marriage with Frances Bray, he had one son and three daughters, one of whom, [[Etheldreda ~~Harrison~~\|Audrey "Etheldreda" Harrison]], married [[Charles Townshend, 3rd Viscount Townshend]] in 1723.<ref name="townshend">{{cite web\|url=http://home.worldonline.co.za/~townshend/3rdviscount.htm\|title=CHARLES TOWNSHEND 1700–1764, 3rd Viscount Townshend\|accessdate=3 May 2008}}</ref>		Harrison died on 28 November 1732. Through his marriage with Frances Bray, he had one son and three daughters, one of whom, [[Etheldreda Townshend\|Audrey "Etheldreda" Harrison]], married [[Charles Townshend, 3rd Viscount Townshend]] in 1723.<ref name="townshend">{{cite web\|url=http://home.worldonline.co.za/~townshend/3rdviscount.htm\|title=CHARLES TOWNSHEND 1700–1764, 3rd Viscount Townshend\|accessdate=3 May 2008}}</ref>

	== See also ==		== See also ==
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	[[Category:1732 deaths]]		[[Category:1732 deaths]]
	[[Category:Presidents of Madras]]		[[Category:Presidents of Madras]]
	[[Category:~~Administrators in British India]]~~		[[Category:Postmasters general of the United Kingdom]]
	~~[[Category:~~United Kingdom ~~Postmasters General]]~~
	~~[[Category:18th-century English people~~]]
	[[Category:Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies]]		[[Category:Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies]]
	[[Category:British MPs 1715–1722]]		[[Category:British MPs 1715–1722]]
	[[Category:British MPs 1722–1727]]		[[Category:British MPs 1722–1727]]

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{{short description|British colonial administrator}}
{{EngvarB|date=June 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Edward Harrison
| image = Edward Harrison.jpg
| order =
| office = President of Fort St George (Madras)
| term_start = 11 July 1711
| term_end = 8 January 1717
| lieutenant =
| predecessor = [[William Fraser (British administrator)|William Fraser]] ''(acting)''
| successor = [[Joseph Collett]]
| birth_date = 3 December 1674
| birth_place =
| death_date = 28 November 1732
| death_place =
| party =
| spouse = Frances Bray (1674–1752)
| children = Audrey Ethelreda Harrison
| profession =
| religion =
| signature = Edward Harrison.JPG
}}
'''Edward Harrison''' (3 December 1674 – 28 November 1732)<ref name="edward_peerage">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p2615.htm|title=A genealogical survey of the peerage of Britain as well as the royal families of Europe Person Page – 2615|accessdate=26 April 2008|publisher=peerage.com}}</ref> was a naval officer and official of the [[East India Company]]<ref name="edward_peerage" /> and British politician who sat in the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]] from 1717 to 1726. He served as the [[Madras Presidency|President of Madras]] from 11 July 1711 to 8 January 1717.<ref name="ODNB">{{cite ODNB|id=68358|first=John|last=Martin|title=Townshend, Etheldreda}}</ref>

== Early life ==

Edward Harrison was born in England to [[Richard Harrison (died 1726)|Richard Harrison]] and Audrey Villiers daughter of [[George Villiers, 4th Viscount Grandison]].<ref name="edward_peerage" /> He went to India as a purser, and became a captain of ships trading with China. He was Captain of the East Indiaman Gosfright in 1701, and of the Kent in 1709. Sometime before 1708 he married Frances Bray, daughter of Reginald Bray of Great Barrington, Gloucestershire. Her brothers Edmund and William Bray were Members of Parliament.<ref name = HOP>{{cite web| url =https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1715-1754/member/harrison-edward-1674-1732 | title=HARRISON, Edward (1674–1732), of Balls Park, nr. Hertford. | publisher= History of Parliament Online| accessdate = 17 September 2018}}</ref>

== Tenure as President of Madras==

Harrison was appointed [[Governor of Madras|Governor and Commander in Chief of the Madras Presidency]] in 1711. During his time in office he undertook a major rebuilding of the settlement. He dealt with several incidents, including the putting down of a minor revolt. The [[East India Company]] presented him with a sword of honour.<ref name=HOP/>

=== War with Gingee ===

Since its occupation by the [[Mughals]] in 1698, [[Gingee]] had been ruled by [[Swarup Singh of Gingee|Swaroop Singh]], who was actually the [[Rajput]] Governor of the Mughal province who had declared his independence and assumed the title of ''[[Raja]]''. The English at [[Fort St David]] frequently failed to pay their rents to the Raja. On one such occasion when Swaroops Singh did not receive any rent for the villages, he responded by capturing two English officers from Fort St David and imprisoning them. Matters came to standstill in February 1711, when open hostilities broke out between the kingdom of Gingee and the British settlement at [[Fort St David]]. Three Muslim officers in the service of Gingee and one officer of the [[British East India Company]] were killed in the ensuing hostilities. Harrison sent Richard Raworth, a member of the Council of Fort St George along with three ships to the scene of action to settle the matter.

Raworth arrived in Fort St David with three ships as Fort St David was blockaded by Swaroop Singh from land. Raworth's troops ran into a contingent of 400 cavalry and 1,000-foot commanded by Mahobat Khan on 11 August 1711 and barely managed to hold their ground. However, two top officers in the army, Captain Coventry and Ensign Somerville both lost their lives along with around 140 to 150 men of the Company's army. With matters reaching a standstill, Edward Harrison tried to enthuse the [[Nawab of Carnatic]] to come to the Company's aid but failed miserably. In the meantime, Richard Raworth was made the deputy Governor at Fort St David. Immediately on assumption of office, Raworth negotiated terms of peace with the Raja of Gingee. The Raja demanded a war indemnity of 16,000 pagodas in return for which he promised to cede three villages whose names have been mentioned as Trevandrun, Padre Copang and Coronuttum. However, even as the matter was under consideration, hostilities broke out once more when the Company troops attacked the forces of Gingee at Crimambakkam on 25 January 1712.

The war was, however, brought to a conclusion in April 1712 through the mediation of [[Guillaume André d'Hébert|M.Hebert]], the [[French India|French Governor of Pondicherry]]. Swaroop Singh agreed to a settlement on payment of a war indemnity of 12,000 pagodas.

On 15 November 1714, Gingee fell to the forces of the Carnatic bringing Rajput rule to an end.

=== Postal service ===

It was during Edward Harrison's time that a [[Mail|postal service]] was established between the factories at [[Madras]] and [[Calcutta]]. This was the first postal system established by the British East India Company in India.<ref name="postal_system">{{cite news | last=Muthiah | first=S. | title=Beginnings of a postal service | date=12 November 2007 | url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2007/11/12/stories/2007111250370500.htm | work=The Hindu: Metro Plus Chennai | accessdate=26 April 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108101115/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2007/11/12/stories/2007111250370500.htm | archive-date=8 January 2009 | url-status=dead }}</ref> Mail was carried by runners or ''Tappy peons'' who travelled all the way to [[Ganjam]] where they exchanged mails with runners from Calcutta.

=== Armenian Church ===

The [[Armenian church]] was constructed in Armenian Street in 1712 to cater to the religious needs of the powerful Armenian community of Madras.<ref name="muthiah">{{cite book | title=Madras Rediscovered| last=Muthiah| first=S.| year=2004| pages=119| publisher=East West Books| location=Chennai| id=81-88661-24-4}}</ref>

=== Richard Raworth's Rebellion ===

In October 1713, Richard Raworth, Deputy Governor of Fort St David broke into rebellion and shook off his allegiance to Fort St George. Harrison immediately deputed a small force commanded by Henry Davenport to invade Fort St David and remove Raworth.<ref name="raworth_rebellion">{{Cite web|url=http://cuddalore-history.blogspot.com/2006/12/raworths-rebellion-1713.html|title=Richard Raworth's Rebellion 1713|accessdate=26 April 2008|author=Madhusudanan, Nick Balmer}}</ref> Henry Davenport was commissioned as the provisional Deputy Governor of Fort St David on 10 October 1713.

The force reached Fort St David on 18 October 1713 after passing through [[Mangadu]], [[Pondicherry (city)|Pondicherry]] and [[Cuddalore]].<ref name="raworth_rebellion" /> Condapah Choultry was taken and a strong ultimatum was issued to Raworth.<ref name="raworth_rebellion" /> Besieged and starved for the want of provisions, Raworth finally agreed to a settlement on 10 December 1713 and with the mediation of the French of [[Pondicherry]], Raworth was finally pardoned and allowed to seek asylum in France.

=== Caste disturbances in Madras ===

In late 1716, [[caste]] disturbances broke out in Madras city which affected life and commerce in the city to a great extent. These disturbances started when a man belonging to the ''Komati'' caste which is regarded as a right-hand caste reportedly worshipped the idol of a God worshipped by the ''[[Chettiar|Chetties]]'' who formed a left-handed caste. The problem was solved in a few days; but tensions persisted and hostilities resumed at the slightest excuse. The continuous caste-wars forced the painters of [[Triplicane]] to leave the area. With the dispute remaining unresolved and continuing to threaten the functioning of Madras city, Harrison's was recalled and replaced with [[Joseph Collett]].

== Later life ==
[[File:Balls Park - geograph.org.uk - 271851.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Balls Park]]
On his return to England, Harrison was returned as Member of Parliament for [[Weymouth and Melcombe Regis (UK Parliament constituency)|Weymouth and Melcombe Regis]] at a by-election on 2 March 1717.He became a Director of the East India Company in 1718 and remained until 1731. At the [[1722 British general election|1722 general election]], he switched seats to his home area of Hertford and was elected top of the poll for [[Hertford (UK Parliament constituency)|Hertford]]. He was deputy chairman of the East India Company in 1723. In 1726, his father died and he inherited [[Balls Park]]. He vacated his seat at Hertford in favour of his brother George on 10 August 1726, when he was appointed [[United Kingdom Postmaster General|Postmaster-General]]. He was deputy chairman of the EIC in 1728, chairman in 1729 and deputy again in 1731.<ref name=HOP/>

Harrison died on 28 November 1732. Through his marriage with Frances Bray, he had one son and three daughters, one of whom, [[Etheldreda Harrison|Audrey "Etheldreda" Harrison]], married [[Charles Townshend, 3rd Viscount Townshend]] in 1723.<ref name="townshend">{{cite web|url=http://home.worldonline.co.za/~townshend/3rdviscount.htm|title=CHARLES TOWNSHEND 1700–1764, 3rd Viscount Townshend|accessdate=3 May 2008}}</ref>

== See also ==

*[[Governors of Madras]]

== Notes ==

{{Reflist|2}}

== References ==

*{{cite book | title=Madras in the Olden Time| volume=2| last=Talboys Wheeler| first=J.| year=1861| publisher=Higginbotham & Co.| location=Madras}}

==External links==
*{{Cite web|url=http://postalheritage.org.uk/collections/museum/paintings/|title=Paintings in ''The British Postal Museum and Archive'' :'Governor Harrison' by Charles Jervas, 1725, accession number: OB1995.142|accessdate=27 April 2008}}

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box| before= [[William Fraser (British administrator)|William Fraser]] (acting) | title=[[Madras Presidency|President of Madras]] | after= [[Joseph Collett]] | years=11 July 1711 – 8 January 1717}}
{{s-par|gb}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[John Baker (Royal Navy officer)|John Baker]]
| before2 = [[Thomas Littleton (died 1722)|Thomas Littleton]]
| before3 = [[Daniel Harvey (British Army officer)|Daniel Harvey]]
| before4 = [[William Betts (MP)|William Betts]]
}}
{{s-title
| title = [[Member of Parliament]] for [[Weymouth and Melcombe Regis (UK Parliament constituency)|Weymouth and Melcombe Regis]]
| years = 1717–[[1722 British general election|1722]]
| with = [[Thomas Littleton (died 1722)|Thomas Littleton]]
| with2= [[Daniel Harvey (British Army officer)|Daniel Harvey]]
| with3= [[William Betts (MP)|William Betts]]

}}
{{s-aft
| after = [[James Thornhill|Sir James Thornhill]]
| after2 = [[Thomas Pearse]]
| after3= [[John Ward (died 1755)|John Ward]]
| after4= [[William Betts (MP)|William Betts]]
}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Thomas Clarke (died 1754)|Sir Thomas Clarke]]
| before2 = [[John Boteler (1684–1774)|John Boteler]]
}}
{{s-title
| title = [[Member of Parliament]] for [[Hertford (UK Parliament constituency)|Hertford]]
| years = [[1722 British general election|1722]]–1726
| with = [[Charles Caesar (Treasurer of the Navy)|Charles Caesar]] 1722–1723
| with2= [[Thomas Clarke (died 1754)|Sir Thomas Clarke]] 1723–1726
}}
{{s-aft
| after = [[George Harrison (Hertford MP)|George Harrison]]
| after2 = [[Thomas Clarke (died 1754)|Sir Thomas Clarke]]
}}

{{S-end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Harrison, Edward}}
[[Category:1674 births]]
[[Category:1732 deaths]]
[[Category:Presidents of Madras]]
[[Category:Administrators in British India]]
[[Category:United Kingdom Postmasters General]]
[[Category:18th-century English people]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies]]
[[Category:British MPs 1715–1722]]
[[Category:British MPs 1722–1727]]