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{{Other people|Edward Barnes}}
{{short description|British officer}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific-prefix = [[Lieutenant General (United Kingdom)|Lieutenant General]]
|name =Sir Edward Barnes
|honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|GCB}}
|image = Sir Edward Barnes by William Salter.jpg
|alt =
|order = 5th
|office = Governor of British Ceylon
|term_start = 18 January 1824
|term_end = 13 October 1831
|predecessor = [[James Campbell (governor)|James Campbell]] ''(Acting governor)''
|successor = [[John Wilson (governor)|John Wilson]] ''(Acting governor)''
|order2 = Acting
|office2 = Governor of British Ceylon
|term_start2 = 1 February 1820
|term_end2 = 2 February 1822
|predecessor2 = [[Robert Brownrigg]]
|successor2 = [[Edward Paget]]
|order3 = 12th
|office3 = General Officer Commanding, Ceylon
|term_start3 = 1820
|term_end3 = ?
|predecessor3 = [[Alexander Cosby Jackson]]
|successor3 = [[James Campbell (governor)|James Campbell]]
|birth_date = 28 October 1776
|birth_place =
|death_date = {{death date and age|1838|03|19|1776|10|28|df=y}}
|death_place = [[Walthamstow]], [[Essex]]
|restingplace =
|restingplacecoordinates =
|birthname =
|citizenship =
|nationality =
|party =
|otherparty = 
|spouse = Maria Fawkes (m. 1823)
|relations =
|children = Maria Anne (1825 – ?) Richard Hawksworth (1831–1904)
|residence =
|alma_mater =
|occupation =
|profession =
|cabinet =
|committees =
|portfolio =
|religion =
|signature =
|signature_alt =
|website =
|footnotes =

|nickname =
|allegiance = United Kingdom
|branch = [[British Army]]
|serviceyears =
|rank = [[Lieutenant General (United Kingdom)|Lieutenant General]]
|unit =
|commands = [[General Officer Commanding, Ceylon]] [[British Indian Army]]
|battles = [[Peninsular War]]
|awards = [[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]]
}}

[[Lieutenant General (United Kingdom)|Lieutenant General]] '''Sir Edward Barnes''', {{post-nominals|country=GBR|GCB}} (28 October 1776 – 19 March 1838) was a [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] soldier who became governor of [[Sri Lanka|Ceylon]].

==Military career==
Barnes joined the [[47th Regiment of Foot]] in 1792 as an [[ensign]], and quickly rose to [[field rank]]. He was promoted to [[lieutenant-colonel]] in 1807, serving in the [[Invasion of Martinique (1809)|Invasion of Martinique in 1809]], and [[colonel]] in 1810. Two years later, he served on [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Wellington's]] staff in the [[Peninsular War]]. His services in this capacity gained him further promotion; as a [[major-general]], he led a brigade in the [[Battle of Vitoria]] and took part in the battles the [[Battle of the Pyrenees|Pyrenees]], [[Battle of Nivelle|Nivelle]], [[Battle of the Nive|Nive]] and [[Battle of Orthez|Orthez]].<ref name=Dalton>{{cite book |last=Dalton |first=Charles |year=1904 |title=The Waterloo roll call. With biographical notes and anecdotes |location=London |publisher= Eyre and Spottiswoode |url=https://archive.org/details/waterloorollcall00daltuoft|page=[https://archive.org/details/waterloorollcall00daltuoft/page/29 29]}}</ref> He was awarded the [[Army Gold Medal|Gold Cross]] and three clasps for his Peninsula service. Barnes served in the campaign of 1815 as [[adjutant-general]], and was wounded at the [[Battle of Waterloo]], where he was known as "our fire eating adjutant general".<ref name=Dalton /> Already a [[Order of the Bath|KCB]], he was a recipient of the Austrian [[Order of Maria Theresa]] 3rd Class, and the Russian [[Order of St. Anna|Order of St Anne]]. {{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

In 1808 he was appointed the [[List of colonial governors and administrators of Dominica|lieutenant-governor]] of [[Dominica]] serving in the position until 1812, when he was gazetted as [[List of colonial governors and administrators of Antigua|lieutenant-governor]] of [[Antigua]] in December 1813, although he did not take up the appointment.

In 1819, his connection with Ceylon began. Lieutenant-General Barnes was appointed acting [[Governors of British Ceylon|Governor of Ceylon]] from 1 February 1820 to 2 February 1822, succeeding [[Robert Brownrigg]]. He then served as governor of Ceylon from 18 January 1824 to 13 October 1831, succeeded by Robert Wilmot-Horton (1784–1841, governor 13 to 23 October 1831). He directed the construction of the great military road between [[Colombo]] and [[Kandy]], and of many other lines of communication, made the first census of the population, and introduced [[Coffee production in Sri Lanka|coffee cultivation]] based on the West Indian system (1824). In 1831, he received the [[Order of the Bath|GCB]]. From 1832 to 1833, he was commander in-chief in [[India]], with the local rank of general.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

On his return home, he was appointed in 1834 Colonel of the [[31st (Huntingdonshire) Regiment of Foot]], a post he held until his death. The same year he stood for Parliament as [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] candidate for [[Sudbury (UK Parliament constituency)|Sudbury]] at a by-election. The votes between the two candidates were tied, and the [[returning officer]] gave Barnes his casting vote and declared him elected; however, his opponent petitioned against the outcome, denying that the returning officer had the right to a casting vote, and the issue had not been resolved before Parliament was dissolved. At the [[1835 United Kingdom general election|1835 general election]], Barnes was narrowly defeated, but he finally became [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|MP]] for [[Sudbury (UK Parliament constituency)|Sudbury]] at the third attempt in 1837;<ref>F W S Craig, ''British Parliamentary Election Results 1832–1885'' (2nd edition, Aldershot: Parliamentary Research Services, 1989)</ref> however, he died in the following year.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

Along with [[William Bowles (Royal Navy officer)|Admiral William Bowles]], Barnes was responsible for the establishment of the [[Army and Navy Club]] in Pall Mall, London.<ref name=Dalton />

Barnes' portrait was painted, for Ceylon, by [[John Wood (painter)|John Wood]], and a memorial statue was erected in [[Colombo]] in front of the [[President's House, Colombo]] from which point trunk road mileage was measured in Ceylon.<ref>[http://www.thesundayleader.lk/archive/20060514/spotlight.htm Rewriting history Chinthana style ]</ref>

== Personal life==
Edward Barnes was born on 28 October 1776, the son of John Barnes and Anne née Parke.

He married Maria Fawkes (1798–1854), of Farnley Hall, on 31 July 1823 in [[Otley]], [[Yorkshire]].

Barnes died on 19 March 1838 at his home in [[Walthamstow]], [[Essex]] and is buried in the churchyard of [[St. Mary's Church, Walthamstow]]. His gravesite is marked by a large monument, with an inscription giving details of his achievements in life.

== See also ==
* [[Raj Bhavan (Himachal Pradesh)|Raj Bhavan]], originally known as the Barnes' Court after Edward Barnes<ref name="Gillian1991">{{cite book | author=Gillian Wright | title=Hill stations of India | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4eYvAQAAIAAJ | access-date=11 February 2013 | date=1 August 1991 | publisher=Odyssey | isbn=978-962-217-137-4 | page = 101 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
;Attribution
{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Barnes, Sir Edward}}

== External links ==
* {{Hansard-contribs | lieut-general-sir-edward-barnes | Edward Barnes }}

{{s-start}}
{{s-gov}}
{{succession box
| before=[[Robert Brownrigg]]
| title=''Acting'' [[Governor of Ceylon]] | years=1820–1822
| after=[[Edward Paget]]
}}
{{succession box
| before=[[James Campbell (governor)|James Campbell]] ''acting governor''
| title=[[Governor of Ceylon]] | years=1824–1831
| after=[[John Wilson (governor)|John Wilson]] ''acting governor''
}}
{{s-par|uk}}
{{succession box
| title = Member of Parliament for [[Sudbury (UK Parliament constituency)|Sudbury]]
| years = 1834–1835
| with = [[John Walsh, 1st Baron Ormathwaite|Sir John Benn Walsh, Bt]]
| before = [[John Walsh, 1st Baron Ormathwaite|Sir John Benn Walsh, Bt]]
| before2 = [[Michael Angelo Taylor]]
| after = [[John Bagshaw]]
| after2 = [[Benjamin Smith (British Whig politician)|Benjamin Smith]]
}}

{{succession box
| title = Member of Parliament for [[Sudbury (UK Parliament constituency)|Sudbury]]
| years=1837–1838
| with = [[Sir James John Hamilton, 2nd Baronet|Sir James John Hamilton, Bt]] 1837
| with2 = [[Joseph Bailey (Sudbury MP)|Joseph Bailey]] 1837–1838
| before = [[John Bagshaw]]
| before2 = [[Benjamin Smith (British Whig politician)|Benjamin Smith]]
| after = [[Joseph Bailey (Sudbury MP)|Joseph Bailey]]
| after2 = [[John Walsh, 1st Baron Ormathwaite|Sir John Benn Walsh, Bt]]
}}
{{s-mil}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Alexander Cosby Jackson]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[General Officer Commanding, Ceylon]]|years= 1820–?}}
{{s-aft|after=[[James Campbell (governor)|James Campbell]]}}
{{succession box | title=[[Commander-in-Chief, India]] | before=[[George Ramsay, 9th Earl of Dalhousie|The Earl of Dalhousie]] | after=[[Lord William Bentinck|The Lord William Bentinck]] | years=1832–1833}}
{{s-end}}

{{British Governor of Ceylon}}
{{General Officer Commanding, Ceylon}}
{{Commander-in-Chief, India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Barnes, Edward}}
[[Category:1776 births]]
[[Category:1838 deaths]]
[[Category:British Army lieutenant generals]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of the Napoleonic Wars]]
[[Category:British Commanders-in-Chief of India]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1837–1841]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]]
[[Category:Governors of British Ceylon]]
[[Category:Governors of Dominica]]
[[Category:47th Regiment of Foot officers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Army Gold Cross]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 1st class]]
[[Category:General Officers Commanding, Ceylon]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Waterloo Medal]]
[[Category:Knights Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresa]]

Edward Barnes (British Army officer) - Revision history

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