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{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}{{More citations needed|date=September 2020}}'''[[Kollam]]''' or '''[[Quilon]]''' is an old seaport and a [[city]] on the [[Laccadive Sea]] coast in [[Kerala]], [[India]], on [[Ashtamudi Lake]].<ref>[http://www.kerala-tourism.net/kerala-cities.html Cities of Kerala]</ref><ref>[http://www.kerala-tour-package.net/Kerala_Cities.htm Kerala Cities]</ref><ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/13/a/K Alphabetical listing of Places in State of Kerala]</ref> The city remains notable as the ancient commercial capital of [[Kerala]] and the southwestern [[India|Indian]] coast, in addition to its fame as the "Cashew Capital of the World". The [[Kollam Municipal Corporation]] has the second largest budget in [[Kerala]] in terms of revenue and expenditure.<ref name="Housing gets priority in Kollam Corporation budget">{{cite news | url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/housing-gets-priority-in-kollam-corporation-budget/article7038439.ece | title = Housing gets priority in Kollam Corporation budget | newspaper = The Hindu | year = 2015| last1 = Pereira | first1 = Ignatius }}</ref>

[[File:RP Mall, Kollam.jpg|thumb|right|Street view of [[Downtown Kollam]], the largest commercial center in the city of Kollam]]

==Outline==
The [[Kollam Port|Kollam sea port]] was founded by Mar Abo in 825 AD, sanctioned via the Tamil king of Venad (otherwise called the [[Ay kingdom]]), Udayamarthandavarma. The trade and business culture of [[Quilon]] is as old as [[Kollam Port]]. [[Kollam]] was the most famous port city in India, serving as a business hub for merchants from [[China]], [[Middle East]], [[Dutch language|Dutch]], [[Portugal]], [[Brazil]] and other [[Eastern Mediterranean|Eastern Mediterranean countries]].<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/emergence-of-antiques-triggers-treasure-hunt-in-kollam/article5711850.ece Emergence of antiques triggers treasure hunt in Kollam]</ref><ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/shards-of-the-past-point-to-kollam-ports-glory-days/article5728896.ece Shards of the past point to Kollam port’s glory days]</ref> The recent discovery of treasures and remnants at the [[Kollam Port]] area substantiates claims concerning ancient trade activities related to old the [[Quilon]] city; archaeologists believe that there is an engulfed city in the seabed of the current [[Kollam Port]].

Since the 1950s, local businessmen are active in the business of the city; key players, like the TKM Group, started their first business center and potentially the first mall at the heart of Kollam in 1950, at [[Chinnakada]]. This enterprise included several shops and the Grand and Prince Theatres. Their first bakery, "Supreme", started in 1984 at Chinnakada, now a prominent group across [[Kollam]], [[Kochi]], and [[Thiruvananthapuram]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/food/supremes-upper-crust-serves-a-combination-of-cuisines-from-continental-to-traditional-indian/article29725145.ece |title=Kochi gets a new multi-cuisine address |newspaper=The Hindu |date=18 October 2019 |access-date=18 October 2019 |last1=Anand |first1=Shilpa Nair }}</ref> [[Kollam]] is a moderately industrialized city, with several of the major employers in the [[public sector]] remaining [[Indian Rare Earths Limited]] (IRE), [[Kerala Minerals and Metals|Kerala Metals and Minerals Limited]], [[United Electrical Industries Limited]] or UNILEC (popularly known as the Meter Company), the Kerala Primo Pipe Factory, [[Parvathy Mills Limited]], ALIND Kundara and Kerala Ceramics.

The industrial estates within the city include:
* The Industrial Estate at [[Mundakkal]]<ref name="Handovering the land of Ceramics Industrial estate to CAPEX in Kollam">{{cite web | url = http://www.keralaindustry.org/malayalam/images/gos/2013/89.pdf | title = Land for CAPEX at Kollam | year = 2013 | access-date = 16 November 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140529090630/http://www.keralaindustry.org/malayalam/images/gos/2013/89.pdf | archive-date = 29 May 2014 | url-status = dead }}</ref> and
* The SIDCO Industrial Estate at Umayanalloor/<ref name="SIDCO Industrial estate, Umayanalloor, Kollam">{{cite web | url = http://keralasidco.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=80&Itemid=103 | title = SIDCO Industrial Estate, Kollam }}</ref>

==Economy==
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; font-size:80%; text-align:center; margin:1em;"
|-
| colspan="6" style="background:#CD5C5C;"|'''Organizations/Councils based in<br /> the city'''<br />
|- style="background:#ccc;"
||'''No.'''|||| style="background:#ccc;"|'''Council/Organization'''|| style="background:#ccc;"|
|-
| 1|||| style="background:#FFE4C4;"|[[Cashew Export Promotion Council of India]]||
|-
| 2|||| style="background:#FFE4C4;"|[[Kerala Minerals and Metals|Kerala Minerals and Metals Limited(KMML)]]||
|-
| 3|||| style="background:#FFE4C4;"|[[Kollam Port]]||
|-
| 4|||| style="background:#FFE4C4;"|[[Kerala State Cashew Development Corporation Limited]]||
|-
| 5|||| style="background:#FFE4C4;"|[[United Electrical Industries Limited]]||
|-
| colspan="6" style="background:#ccc;"|
|-
|colspan="6" |
|}

[[Kollam]] is a relatively industrialized city, and the [[Kollam Municipal Corporation]] is the second-largest revenue-earning city corporation in [[Kerala]], second to [[Kochi]]. The meeting of three National Highways and a flourishing [[Kollam Port|Port]] has made the city a favorable location for export and import businesses. Educational institutions like the [[TKMCE|TKM College of Engineering]] are known as the "cradle of Kerala entrepreneurs", as they greatly encourage entrepreneurial activities. [[Kollam]] was the third city in Kerala to adopt a shopping mall culture, (after [[Kochi]] and [[Kozhikode]]).{{Citation needed|date=September 2020}} The [[Kollam district]] ranks first in livestock wealth in the state. [[Downtown Kollam]] is the leading [[central business district]] of the city, with the city remaining the most populous incorporated city in [[Kerala]] until 2005; during that time, the population density in the city was 6041 individuals per square kilometer.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.old.kerala.gov.in/dept_planning/er/chapter22.pdf |title=LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN KERALA - Economic Review 2003 |publisher=Government of Kerala |access-date=2014-11-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129025409/http://www.old.kerala.gov.in/dept_planning/er/chapter22.pdf |archive-date=29 November 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Because of [[Kollam]]'s importance as a trade and export hub, the Export Inspection Council of India (EICI) runs a sub-office with a laboratory facility in the city, one of the 7 sub-offices of the EICI in [[South India]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.eicindia.gov.in/eicold/eic/pdf/EIA-Kochi.pdf |title=EICI - Kochi |access-date=17 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023144722/http://www.eicindia.gov.in/eicold/eic/pdf/EIA-Kochi.pdf |archive-date=23 October 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.eicindia.gov.in/Contact-Us/Contact-US/EIC-Network.aspx |title=EICI - Network |access-date=17 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127075358/http://www.eicindia.gov.in/Contact-Us/Contact-US/EIC-Network.aspx |archive-date=27 November 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Along with the city, the town of [[Punalur]] and suburbs of cities such as [[Chavara]] and [[Kundara]] are also industrially well-developed in nature.

==The cashew business==
{{Main|Cashew business in Kollam}}
[[Kollam]] is the largest processed cashew exporter in the world; in recent years, over 600 cashew processing centres developed in the city and approximately 800,000 tonnes of raw cashews are brought to [[Kollam]] for processing every year.<ref name="articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com">[http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-09-22/news/30189382_1_kollam-backwaters-tourism-infrastructure Kollam, Ashtamudi Lake - great alternatives to Kochi, Vembanad Lake]</ref> 90% of [[India]]'s export quality cashew kernels are prepared from [[Kollam]], with the city remaining known as the "Cashew Capital of the World".<ref>[http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-09-22/news/30189382_1_kollam-backwaters-tourism-infrastructure Kollam, Ashtamudi Lake – great alternatives to Kochi, Vembanad Lake]</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.commodityonline.com/news/keralas-cashew-industry-survives-on-foreign-nuts-7280-3-7281.html |title=Kerala's cashew industry survives on foreign nuts |publisher=commodityonline |access-date=2014-11-14}}</ref> The [[Cashew Export Promotion Council of India|CEPCI]], responsible for the promotion of cashew exports, is expecting a rise in exported products to 275,000 tonnes by 2020.<ref>[http://www.business-standard.com/article/markets/cashew-body-sets-target-to-double-exports-by-2020-108122901044_1.html] CEPCI – Kollam</ref>

Two principal councils/agencies are working at [[Kollam]] for the growth of the cashew business of the city, in addition to its export promotion; they are the [[Cashew Export Promotion Council of India|Cashew Export Promotion Council of India (CEPCI)]] and the [[Kerala State Cashew Development Corporation Limited|Kerala State Cashew Development Corporation Limited (KSCDC)]].

=== Cashew Export Promotion Council of India ===
[[File:Cashew @ Paravur.jpg|right|thumb|Nila's cashew packets displayed in a supermarket at [[Paravur, Kollam|Paravur]] near [[Kollam]]. Nila Cashews is one of Kollam's cashew exporters]]
{{Main|Cashew Export Promotion Council of India}}
The national government established the [[Cashew Export Promotion Council of India]] (CEPCI) in 1955 with the active cooperation of the cashew industry, with the stated mission of promoting exports of cashew kernels and [[Cashew#Cashew shell oil|cashew shell oil]] from India.<ref name="cashewindia.org">[http://www.cashewindia.org/] CEPCI - Kollam</ref> The CEPC is headquartered in the [[Mundakkal]] area of Kollam, serving as an intermediary between importers of cashew kernels and exporters who are members of the council.<ref>[http://www.cashewindia.org/] CEPCI - BS</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://kollamcity.in/cepc |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-11-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014070603/http://kollamcity.in/cepc |archive-date=2014-10-14 }} CEPCI</ref> It is also tasked with dispute resolution when problems arise on account of matters including quality standards and breaches of contract between parties, in particular with regards to import and export contracts. It undertakes numerous additional activities, such as: organising global buyer-seller meetings; organizing studies on the nutritional aspects of the cashew; and providing support to cashew processors and exporters for the improvement of their infrastructure.<ref>[http://www.ibef.org/exports/cashew-industry-india.aspx] Cashew Industry In India</ref>

=== Kerala State Cashew Development Corporation Limited ===
{{Main|Kerala State Cashew Development Corporation Limited}}
The [[Kerala State Cashew Development Corporation Limited|Kerala State Cashew Development Corporation Limited (KSCDC)]] is a model employer in the cashew industry field, protecting the interest of workers and providing maximum employment to its workers; they additionally give statutory benefits like minimum wages and bonuses, prevailing in the cashew industry. The corporation remains headquartered within the city of Kollam, with its head office is situated at the Cashew House, in Mundakkal.<ref>[http://www.cashewindia.org/php/searchResults_full.php?txtcompany=The%20Kerala%20State%20Cashew%20Development%20Corporation%20Lt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020002604/http://www.cashewindia.org/php/searchResults_full.php?txtcompany=The%20Kerala%20State%20Cashew%20Development%20Corporation%20Lt |date=20 October 2014 }} Kollam Cashew Organizations - KSCDC, CEPCI</ref> KSCDC was incorporated in July 1969 and initiated commercial activities in the year 1971, as a company wholly owned by the [[Government of Kerala]].<ref>[http://www.cashewcorporation.com/] KSCDC, Kollam</ref> The corporation now possesses a turnover of more than Rs. 250 crores.

==The seafood export business==
Kollam is one of the famous seafood exporting business hubs of [[India]], with many seafood exporting companies stationed din the city. The large majority of the companies work in the [[Maruthadi]], [[Sakthikulangara]], [[Kavanad]], [[Neendakara]], [[Asramam]], [[Kilikollur]], [[Thirumullavarum|Thirumullavaram]] and [[Uliyakovil]] areas of the city.<ref>[http://www.keralaexporters.com/categories/food/] Kerala Exporters</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mpeda.com/exporters/IQF/ExportersOtherMarineProducts.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-11-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304043858/http://www.mpeda.com/exporters/IQF/ExportersOtherMarineProducts.htm |archive-date=2016-03-04 }} Kollam - Marine Food Exporters</ref> Companies such as Capithans, Kings Marine Exporters, India Food Exports and Oceanic Fisheries are some of the renowned names from the city in the seafood business.<ref>[http://e-mpeda.nic.in/registration/Exporter_Item.aspx?pcode=05&product=Live%20other%20than%20ornamental%20fish] Registered Kerala Exporters</ref> The dynamic development of the [[Kollam Port]] will accelerate further development of the seafood business in the city. The total export contribution from the city is very high compared to other [[Kerala]] cities.<ref>[http://www.keralaports.gov.in/doc/Kollam%20Final%20DFR/Final%20DFR%20Kollam%20Report.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213028/http://www.keralaports.gov.in/doc/Kollam%20Final%20DFR/Final%20DFR%20Kollam%20Report.pdf |date=3 March 2016 }} Port of Kollam - Deloitte</ref> [[Kochi]] based [[Marine Products Export Development Authority|Marine Products Export Development Authority(MPEDA)]]'s one among seven sub-regional offices is situated at [[Chinnakada]] in the city due to the importance of it as a significant marine food exporting business hub.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mpeda.com/overview/our.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-02-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150126132602/http://www.mpeda.com/overview/our.htm |archive-date=2015-01-26 }} OFFICES OF MPEDA - Kollam</ref>

==Clam fishery==
[[File:Lake Ashtamudi, Jan 2020.jpg|right|thumb|[[Ashtamudi Lake|Lake Ashtamudi]] and KTDC hotel]]
[[Kollam]]'s clam fishery is now world-famous, being the only [[Marine Stewardship Council|Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)]]-certified fishery in [[India]]; the [[Marine Stewardship Council]] is an international non-profit organization set up to help transform the seafood market into a sustainable endeavor.

[[Ashtamudi Lake]] in Kollam, a Ramsar wetland of international importance and the second largest estuarine system in Kerala, is the major source of the clam used in this fishery. It has extensive mangrove habitats harboring approximately 90 species of fish and 10 species of clams, with the clam fishery in the city remaining initiated in 1981. It supports the livelihood of around 3,000 fishermen involved in the collecting, cleaning, processing and trading of clams.

80% of [[India]]'s export-quality clams come from [[Kollam]]. The growth of Ashtamudi’s commercial fishery was driven by demand from [[Vietnam]], [[Thailand]] and [[Malaysia]] in the 1980s and 90s. By 1991, the catch peaked at 10,000 tonnes a year, but declined by 50 percent in 1993 due to overfishing. Today, An average of 10,000 tonnes of clam fishing per year occurs within proximity to the city.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/Sustainable-Fishing-Practice-of-Thekkumbhagam-Wins-Acclaims/2014/11/06/article2509940.ece |title=Sustainable Fishing Practice of Thekkumbhagam Wins Acclaims |publisher=Times of India |access-date=2014-11-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/Ashtamudi-Yellow-Clams-of-Get-MSC-Certification/2014/11/07/article2511590.ece |title=Ashtamudi Yellow Clams of Get MSC Certification |publisher=Times of India |access-date=2014-11-17}}</ref>

Apart from this, the main fishing areas of the city, like [[Sakthikulangara]], [[Neendakara]] and [[Tangasseri]], have emerged as the main source of [[lanternfish]], a rich source of [[Omega-3 fatty acid]]. About 50 to 60 tonnes of [[Lanternfish]] are caught at the [[Sakthikulangara]] fishing harbor every day, sold at Rs.16/kg. This provides approximately Rs.50,000 per fishing trip for an individual boat. This fish is exclusively traded from the [[Sakthikulangara]] harbor within the [[Kerala]] state.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/out-of-the-blue-a-bounty/article7096716.ece |title=Out of the blue, a bounty |publisher=The Hindu |access-date=2015-04-13}}</ref>

==Pencil slat manufacturing==
[[Kollam]] is the largest pencil slat manufacturing hub of [[India]]., with more than 160 slat production units in [[Kollam]], employing approximately 5,000 individuals. These [[Kollam]]-based units meet a good portion of the demand for pencil slats in the country and worldwide, with 35% of the pencil slots manufactured in the world coming from [[Kerala]].<ref>[https://archive.today/20141021080930/http://www.thehindu.com/2004/01/17/stories/2004011704700300.htm] Pencil slat production stopped</ref> Of the approximately 170 pencil slot manufacturing units in [[Kerala]], 125 are based in and around [[Kollam district]]. These units are export approximately 160 loads of slots per month to companies across the world. This, according to slot manufacturers, is enough to make 20 crore pencils a month.<ref>[http://mobilepaper.timesofindia.com/mobile.aspx?article=yes&pageid=6&sectid=edid=&edlabel=TOIKRKO&mydateHid=08-02-2013&pubname=Times+of+India+-+Kochi&edname=&articleid=Ar00603&publabel=TOI] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021125528/http://mobilepaper.timesofindia.com/mobile.aspx?article=yes&pageid=6&sectid=edid=&edlabel=TOIKRKO&mydateHid=08-02-2013&pubname=Times+of+India+-+Kochi&edname=&articleid=Ar00603&publabel=TOI |date=21 October 2014 }} Pencil slot manufacturing units to reopen on Friday</ref> A slot is of 185mm length, 77mm width and 5.5mm thickness; each load exported contains 300 bags with 900 slots bundled into each of them.{{Citation needed|date=September 2020}} On average, each month, 150 loads of pencil slat consignment go to pencil factories based in [[Delhi]], [[Chennai]], [[Mumbai]] and various places in [[Gujarat]]. Over 30 countries depend on pencil slot manufacturing units in [[Kollam]], which produce pencils under varying brand names.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/Pencil-slot-manufacturing-sector-in-crisis/articleshow/18356413.cms] Pencil slot manufacturing sector in crisis</ref> These factories are working with the support of their associations, namely The Kerala Slots Factories Association and the Kerala State Small Industries Association (KSSIA). Most of the important staff office bearers of these associations are from [[Kollam]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kssia.com/office.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-11-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20141021080933/http://www.kssia.com/office.html |archive-date=2014-10-21 }} The state office bearers of KSSIA</ref>

==Kollam Port==
[[File:Port of Kollam, Mar 2016.jpg|right|thumb|A distant view of [[Kollam Port]]]]
{{Main|Kollam Port}}
Port operations are responsible for generating a large portion of revenue in [[Kollam]]; the [[Kollam Port]], situated 4 kilometers away from the heart of the city, is one of 20 major ports in India and is the second major port in [[Kerala]], after the [[Cochin Port]].<ref name="articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com"/> Construction equipment, sand, cashews and industrial products for companies and organisations including the [[Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre|Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC)]] and [[Kerala Minerals and Metals|Kerala Minerals and Metals Limited (KMML)]] are transported through [[Kollam Port]]. To modernize the state's second-largest port, The [[Government of Kerala]] is planning to build a wharf for the port, capable of accommodating 6 ships at a time. It is one of the two ports in [[Kerala]] with an online customs clearance facility and a Vessel Tracking and Monitoring System or VTMS. The port is now undergoing a second phase of development worth Rs.125 crores.<ref name="Kollam - Port City Project - News published in Mathrubhumi Daily">{{cite web | url = http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/logistics/thangassery-port-plans-get-cabinet-nod/article3320903.ece | title = Thangassery port plans get Cabinet nod | year = 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.madhyamam.com/news/313464/141013 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-11-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022170950/http://www.madhyamam.com/news/313464/141013 |archive-date=2014-10-22 }} Online Customs Clearance Facility for Kollam Port to be ready in a month</ref><ref>[http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/Rs-2.88-cr-Sanctioned/2014/10/18/article2482917.ece] Rs 2.88 cr Sanctioned</ref>

==Information technology==
[[Information technology|IT]] development is a major revenue earner of [[Kollam]]. A large technology park, Kollam Technopark, is functioning in the suburb of the city, which is the only technological park in [[India]] that will be accessible by road, rail, water, and air transportation facilities after the inauguration of [[Kerala Seaplane|Seaplane]] service was scheduled to start in December 2014. The [[Government of Kerala]] began several small Information Technology parks, named [[Techno-lodge]]s, prior to the recent project in the neighborhoods of the city, but these projects ceased operation following their initiation.

The Kollam Technopark is part of [[Technopark, Trivandrum|Technopark, Trivandum]], built on the hub-and-spoke model for the development of the Information Technology industry in Kerala.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.technopark.org/companies/a-z-listing?controller=companies&view=companies&cid=4 |title=Technopark - Kollam |access-date=9 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705161210/http://www.technopark.org/companies/a-z-listing?controller=companies&view=companies&cid=4 |archive-date=5 July 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> As the second phase of development for the IT industry in Kerala, the Kollam Technopark shall remain constructed in one of the earliest industrial towns of Kerala, [[Kundara]]. Located on the banks of the Kanjiracode Lake, a tributary of the [[Ashtamudi Lake|Ashtamudi]] in Kollam. this technopark is to offer support including uniform talent distribution, infrastructure and support for IT platforms (e.g. telecom, datacom and digital exchanges), excellent infrastructure availability and back-up support available in Kollam.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://technopark.org/component/content/article/206 |title=Kollam Technopark |access-date=9 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625130711/http://technopark.org/component/content/article/206 |archive-date=25 June 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/technopark-s-first-spoke-it-park-at-kollam-opens-111021600038_1.html |title=Business Standards |newspaper=Business Standard India |date=16 February 2011 |access-date=9 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiaitnews.com/twixt-technologies-first-company-to-set-up-shop-in-kollam-technopark/ |title=Twixt Technologies – First Company to set up shop in Kollam Technopark |access-date=9 August 2014}}</ref>

==Notable firms==
Kollam has an array of manufacturing and other industrial corporations, including mineral sand mining and related material production plants, such as electrical equipment and [[Titanium sponge]] in the city.{{cn|date=September 2020}}

=== United Electrical Industries Limited (UNILEC), Pallimukku ===
{{Main|United Electrical Industries Limited}}
[[United Electrical Industries Limited]], an [[ISO 9001:2000]]-accredited State Level Public Enterprise, has been successfully operating in the electrical engineering sector since 1950.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unilecindia.com/sample3/ |title=United Electrical Industries Ltd. |access-date=9 August 2014}}</ref> This company is one of the pioneers in energy meter manufacturing and Switchgear items and is situated at Pallimukku in the city. UEI Ltd. has supplied over 40 lakhs of electromechanical meters and 50 lakhs of electronic meters for domestic and industrial purposes. The company received several awards for the achievements for their efforts in energy conservation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kseboa.org/news/united-electrical-industriesuei-receives-energy-conservation-award-1512434.html |title=United Electrical Industries(UEI) receives energy conservation award |access-date=9 August 2014}}</ref>

=== Indian Rare Earths Limited (IREL) ===
[[File:Indian Rare Earths Limited at Kovilthottam in Kollam, Nov 2016.jpg|right|thumb|Corporate Research Centre of [[Indian Rare Earths]] in Kollam]]
[[Indian Rare Earths|Indian Rare Earths Limited (IREL)]] is a government-owned ISO 9002 Certified corporation in [[India]]. One of the four production plants of [[Indian Rare Earths|IREL]] is situated near [[Chavara]], in the suburbs of the city. The plant operates on a mining area containing as high as a percentage of 40% with regards to heavy minerals and extending over a length of 23 kilometres in the [[Chavara]] belt. The present annual production capacity of the [[Chavara]] unit, engaged in dry and wet (dredging or up-gradation) mining and mineral separation, stands at 1,54,000t of [[ilmenite]], 9,500t of [[rutile]], 14,000t of [[zircon]] and 7,000t of [[sillimanite]]. The plant additionally possesses facilities for the annual production of ground zircon called zirflor (-45 micron) and microzir (1-3 micron) on the order of 6,000t and 500t, respectively.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irel.gov.in/ |title=Indian Rare Earths Limited (IREL) |access-date=11 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714110927/http://irel.gov.in/ |archive-date=14 July 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The other plants of the company remain the plant at [[Manavalakurichi]], OSCOM and the Rare Earths Division at [[Aluva]].

The Kollam coast of [[Kerala]] possesses the largest mineral sand deposit within the nation.<ref name="Indian Rare Earths Limited IREL">{{cite web |url=http://www.irel.gov.in/scripts/unit.asp |title=Indian Rare Earths Limited (IREL) |access-date=11 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113114214/http://www.irel.gov.in/scripts/unit.asp |archive-date=13 January 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> This belt, commonly known as the [[Chavara]] deposit after its main locality, covers a total length of 22  kilometres and a width of approximately 8 kilometres along its northern side, in addition to approximately 6 kilometres along its southern side. The Chavara barrier beach portion contains a concentration of heavy minerals above 60% and the Chavara deposit is estimated to contain approximately 127 million tonnes of heavy minerals, with an ilmenite content of 80 million tonnes from a reserve of raw sand encompassing 1400 million tonnes. The deposit is quite rich with regards to ilmenite, rutile and zircon; the ilmenite deposits within the region happen to be of weathered variety, including an approximate [[titanium dioxide]] composition of 60% .<ref name="Indian Rare Earths Limited IREL"/>

=== Kerala Minerals and Metals Ltd. (KMML) ===
{{Main|Kerala Minerals and Metals}}
[[Kerala Minerals and Metals|Kerala Minerals and Metals Ltd. (KMML)]] is an integrated, [[titanium dioxide]]-manufacturing [[Public sector undertakings in Kerala|public sector undertaking]] in Kollam. Its operations comprise mining, [[mineral]] separation and synthetic [[rutile]] and [[pigment]]-production plants. Apart from producing rutile-grade titanium dioxide pigment, utilised within various types of industries, it also produces other products, such as [[ilmenite]], [[rutile]], synthetic rutile, [[zircon]] and [[sillimanite]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://echoofindia.com/new-delhi-sail-signs-mou-ksidc-kmml-titanium-project-26904 |title=Sail signs MoU with KSIDC & KMML for titanium project |access-date=14 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814170339/http://echoofindia.com/new-delhi-sail-signs-mou-ksidc-kmml-titanium-project-26904 |archive-date=14 August 2014 }}</ref> It is one of the best-performing [[Public sector unit|public sector units]] in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://keralabiznews.com/4925/government-honours-best-performing-psus-ceos-for-2011-12 |title=Government honours Best Performing PSUs & CEOs for 2011-12|access-date=14 August 2014}}</ref>

=== Parvathy Mills ===
{{Main|Parvathy Mills Limited}}
[[Parvathy Mills Limited|Parvathy Mills]] is a [[Public sector undertakings in Kerala|public sector undertaking]], maintained under the [[National Textile Corporation|National Textile Development Corporation]] in Kollam. It is situated very close to the heart of the city. It was one of the glorious spinning units in [[India]].{{POV check inline}} The mill is under the consideration of the [[National Textile Corporation|National Textile Development Corporation]] for a proposed renovation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/fresh-moves-to-revive-parvathy-mills-in-kollam/article3587593.ece |title=Fresh moves to revive Parvathy Mills in Kollam - The Hindu |access-date=11 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/article181497.ece?service=print |title=Parvathy Mills may get modernised - TNIE |access-date=11 August 2014}}</ref> and is additionally placed in the master plan of a project encompassing the entirety of the city, as the city government is planning to build a large-scale garment manufacturing unit via the utilisation of available infrastructural facilities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.townplanning.kerala.gov.in/pages/ldp/kollam/iddp_v2_klm_ch_39.pdf |title=Town Planning - Kollam |access-date=11 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140418234132/http://www.townplanning.kerala.gov.in/pages/ldp/kollam/iddp_v2_klm_ch_39.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2014 }}</ref>

==References==
{{Portal|India}}

{{Reflist}}

{{Kollam}}

[[Category: Economy of Kollam| ]]

Economy of Kollam - Revision history

Rajesh Ghosh: refine structure to improve readability

>WikiCleanerBot: v2.04b - Bot T19 CW#25 - Fix errors for CW project (Heading hierarchy)