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	{{Short description\|Countries and cultures east of Europe}}		{{Short description\|Countries and cultures east of Europe}}
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{{Short description|Countries and cultures east of Europe}}
{{Distinguish|Eastern Hemisphere|Eastern Bloc}}
{{pp-move-indef}}
{{Use American English|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
[[File:Eastern World.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|An image of the "Eastern world" defined as the "[[Far East]]", consisting of three overlapping cultural blocks: [[East Asia]] (green), [[Southeast Asia]] (blue), and [[South Asia]] (orange).]]
[[File:Modern Asia (1796).tif|thumb|upright=1.3|The Eastern world in a 1796 map, which included the continents of Asia and [[Australia (continent)|Australia]] (then known as [[New Holland (Australia)|New Holland]]).]]

The '''Eastern world''', also known as '''the East''' or historically '''the [[Orient]]''', is an [[Hyponymy and hypernymy|umbrella term]] for various [[culture]]s or [[Society|social structures]], nations and [[Philosophy|philosophical systems]], which vary depending on the context. It most often includes at least part of [[Asia]] or, geographically, the countries and cultures east of [[Europe]], the [[Mediterranean Basin|Mediterranean region]] and the [[Arab world]], specifically in historical ([[Post-classical history|pre-modern]]) contexts, and in modern times in the context of [[Orientalism]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Thompson |first=William |author2=Joseph Hickey |year=2005 |title=Society in Focus |publisher=[[Pearson plc]] |location =Boston |id=0-205-41365-X}}</ref> It is often seen as a [[Counterpart theory|counterpart]] to the [[Western world]], and correlates strongly to the southern half of the [[Global North and Global South|North–South divide]].

The various regions included in the term are varied, hard to generalize, and do not have a single shared common heritage. Although the various parts of the Eastern world share many common threads, most notably being in the "Global South", they have never historically defined themselves collectively.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lee |first1=Sandra S. |last2=Mountain |first2=Joanna |last3=Koening |first3=Barbara A. |title=The Meanings of 'Race' in the New Genomics: Implications for Health Disparities Research |journal=Yale Journal of Health Policy, Law, and Ethics |volume=1 |year=2001 |pmid=12669320 |access-date=October 26, 2006 |url=http://www.yale.edu/yjhple/volume_1/pdf/033%20(koenig).pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061101012859/http://www.yale.edu/yjhple/volume_1/pdf/033%20%28koenig%29.pdf |archive-date=2006-11-01}}</ref> The term originally had a literal geographic meaning, referring to the eastern part of the [[Old World]], contrasting the cultures and civilizations of Asia with those of Europe (or the Western world). Traditionally, this includes the [[Caucasus]], [[Central Asia]], [[East Asia]], [[South Asia]], [[Southeast Asia]], and [[West Asia]].

Conceptually, the boundary between east and west is cultural, rather than geographical, as a result of which [[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]], which were founded as [[History of Australia (1788–1850)|British settler colonies]], are typically grouped with the Western world despite being geographically closer to the Eastern world, while the [[Soviet Central Asia|Central Asian nations]] of the former [[Soviet Union]], even with significant Western influence, are grouped in the East.<ref name=Mestrovic>{{cite book | last = Meštrovic | first = Stjepan | title = Balkanization of the West: The Confluence of Postmodernism and Postcommunism | publisher = [[Routledge]] | year = 1994 | isbn = 0-203-34464-2 | page = 61}}</ref> Other than much of Asia and [[Africa]], Europe has absorbed almost all of the societies of [[Oceania]], [[North Asia]], and the [[Americas]] into the Western world because of [[settler colonization]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.brasembottawa.org/en/culture_academic/fine_arts.html |title=Embassy of Brazil – Ottawa |publisher=Brasembottawa.org |access-date=2011-05-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429013145/http://www.brasembottawa.org/en/culture_academic/fine_arts.html |archive-date=2011-04-29 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Falcoff |first=Mark |url=http://www.aei.org/publications/pubID.11413/pub_detail.asp |title=Chile Moves On |publisher=AEI |access-date=2011-05-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090417075124/http://www.aei.org/publications/pubID.11413/pub_detail.asp |archive-date=2009-04-17 }}</ref>

Countries such as [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Armenia]], [[Israel]],<ref name="Sheldon Kirshner">{{cite web|author=Sheldon Kirshner |url=http://sheldonkirshner.com/?p=1673 |title=Is Israel Really a Western Nation? |publisher=Sheldon Kirshner Journal |date=2013-10-16 |access-date=2013-11-09}}</ref> and the [[Philippines]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Heydarian |first=Richard |date=2015-01-12 |title=Philippines' Shallow Capitalism: Westernization Without Prosperity |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/richard-javad-heydarian/philippines-shallow-capit_b_6441868.html |access-date=19 November 2016 |website=The Huffington Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Hunt|first=Chester L.|title=The 'Americanization' Process in the Philippines |url= https://www.jstor.org/stable/45071116 |journal=[[India Quarterly]]|year=1956 |volume=12|issue=2|pages=117–130|doi=10.1177/097492845601200204 |jstor=45071116 |s2cid=152671922 |access-date=July 5, 2022}}</ref> which are geographically located in the Eastern world, may be considered [[Westernization|Westernized]] in some aspects of their society, culture and politics due to immigration and historical cultural influences from the [[United States]] and Europe.

== Overview ==
As with other regions of the world, Asia consists of many different, extremely diverse countries, ethnic groups and cultures.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cartmill|first=Matt|title=The Status of the Race Concept in Physical Anthropology|date=September 1998|access-date=16 October 2021|url=https://pages.ucsd.edu/~jmoore/courses/anth42web/CartmillRaceConcept1998.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627144817/https://pages.ucsd.edu/~jmoore/courses/anth42web/CartmillRaceConcept1998.pdf|archive-date=27 June 2021|page=651-660}}</ref> This concept is further debated because in some [[English-speaking world|English-speaking countries]], common vernacular associates the "Asian" identity to people of East Asian origin,<ref>For example, "Asian and Indian people" are referred to in the New Zealand Heart Foundation's [http://www.pickthetick.org.nz/bmi/ BMI calculator] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090531222922/http://www.pickthetick.org.nz/bmi/ |date=2009-05-31 }}.</ref><ref name="Asia Society">{{cite web|last=Schiavenza|first=Matt|title= Why Some 'Brown Asians' Feel Left Out of the Asian American Conversation|url=https://asiasociety.org/blog/asia/why-some-brown-asians-feel-left-out-asian-american-conversation|date=October 19, 2016|access-date=June 14, 2022|website=[[Asia Society]]|quote=And that, unfortunately, did not include any South Asians and only one Filipino. That caused a bit of an outcry. It raises a legitimate issue, of course, one about how 'brown Asians' often feel excluded from the Asian American conversation.}}</ref> while in some countries the "Asian" identity is associated with people of South Asian origin, and in other contexts, Asian regions such as the [[Indian subcontinent]] are included with East Asia. [[West Asia]] (which includes [[Israel]], part of the [[Arab world]], [[Iran]], etc.), which may or may not see themselves part of the Eastern world, are sometimes considered "Middle Eastern" and separate from Asia.<ref>{{cite book | last = Khatib | first = Lina | title = Filming the modern Middle East: politics in the cinemas of Hollywood and the Arab world | volume = 57 | series = Library of Modern Middle East Studies, Library of International Relations | publisher = [[I.B. Tauris]] | year = 2006 | isbn = 1-84511-191-5 | pages = 166–167, 173}}</ref>

The division between 'East' and 'West', formerly referred to as [[Orient]] and [[Occident]], is a product of European cultural history and of the distinction between [[Christendom|Christian Europe]] and the cultures beyond it to the East. With the [[European colonization of the Americas]], the [[East-West dichotomy]] became global. The concept of an Eastern, "Indian" ([[Indies]]) or "[[Oriental]]" sphere was emphasized by ideas of racial as well as religious and cultural differences. Such distinctions were articulated by Westerners in the scholarly tradition known as [[Orientalism]] and [[Indology]]. Orientalism has been the only Western conception of a unified Eastern world not limited to any specific region(s), but rather all of Asia together.<ref>Tromans, 6</ref><ref>from the Latin ''oriens''; ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]''</ref>

== Culture ==
{{Main|Eastern culture}}
While there is no singular Eastern culture of the Eastern world, there are subgroups within it, such as countries within East Asia, Southeast Asia, or South Asia, as well as [[syncretism]] within these regions. These include the spread of [[Eastern religions]] such as [[Buddhism]] or [[Hinduism]], the usage of [[Chinese characters]] or [[Brahmic scripts]], language families, the fusion of cuisines, and traditions, among others.

== See also ==
{{Portal|border=no|Asia|Civilizations|World}}
{{col div|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Arab world]]
* [[Asia-Pacific]]
* [[Buddhism by country]]
* [[Christendom]]
* [[Continental union]]
* [[East Asian cultural sphere]]
* [[East–West dichotomy]]
* [[Far East]]
* [[Globalization]]
* [[Global North and Global South]]
* [[Greater India]]
* [[Greater Iran]]
* [[Greater Middle East]]
* [[Hinduism by country]]
* [[Muslim world]]
* [[Near East]]
* [[Western world]]
* [[Westernization]]
{{colend}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Asia-Pacific]]
[[Category:Country classifications]]
[[Category:Cultural concepts]]
[[Category:Cultural regions]]
[[Category:Eastern culture]]

Eastern world - Revision history

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