Eastern Fleet (India) - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 10:55, 3 December 2022
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	==Kargil War==		==Kargil War==
	The [[Indian Navy]] launched Operation Talwar on 25 May 1999. The entire Western Fleet had sailed from [[Mumbai]] to the North Arabian Sea to increase surveillance and adopt a deterrent posture. Elements of the Eastern FLeet joined the Western Fleet in the Arabian Sea later. The joint Western and Eastern Fleets blockaded the [[:Category:Ports and harbours of Pakistan\|Pakistani ports]] (primarily the [[Port of Karachi\|Karachi port]]).<ref>{{cite web\| url=http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/CP65.Grare.FINAL.pdf\|title=The Resurgence of Baluch nationalism\|first=Frédéric \|last=Grare\|publisher=[[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]]\| access-date=20 May ~~2022~~}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|title=Sea Power\|url=http://www.forceindia.net/SeaPower.aspx\|access-date=17 August 2013\|newspaper=Force India\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818112456/http://www.forceindia.net/SeaPower.aspx\|archive-date=18 August 2013\|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|last=Azam Khan\|first=Cdr (Retd) Muhammad\|title=Exercise Seaspark—2001\|url=http://www.defencejournal.com/2001/apr/seaspark.htm\|publisher=Defence Journal\|access-date=17 August ~~2022~~}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|title=Indian Navy celebrates its silent Kargil victory\|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/12113/report-indian-navy-celebrates-its-silent-kargil-victory\|access-date=17 August 2013\|newspaper=DNA India\|date=30 November ~~2022~~}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|author=General Ashok K Mehta\|title=The silent sentinel\|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/1999/aug/05ashok.htm\|access-date=17 August 2013\|newspaper=Rediff\|date=5 August ~~2022~~}}</ref> They began aggressive patrols and threatened to cut Pakistan's sea trade. This exploited Pakistan's dependence on sea-based oil and trade flows.<ref name=navy>{{cite news\|title=The silent sentinel\|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/1999/aug/05ashok.htm\|access-date=19 October 2014\|date=5 August 1999\|author=General Ashok K Mehta}}</ref> Later, then-[[Prime Minister of Pakistan]], Nawaz Sharif disclosed that Pakistan was left with just six days of fuel to sustain itself if a full-scale war had broken out.<ref name = "Globalsecurity">{{cite web\| url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/kargil-99.htm\|title=1999 Kargil Conflict\|work=GlobalSecurity.org\| access-date=20 May ~~2022~~}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|first=Bruce \|last=Riedel\|title=Avoiding Armageddon \|publisher= HarperCollins \|isbn=9350299941 \|url = http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130428/jsp/7days/story_16836328.jsp}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|last=Lambeth\|first=Benjamin\|title=Airpower at 18,000': The Indian Air Force in the Kargil War\|year=2012\|publisher=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace\|page=54\|url=http://carnegieendowment.org/files/kargil.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|last=Hiranandani\|first=G. M.\|title=Transition to Guardianship: The Indian Navy 1991–2000\|year=2009\|publisher=Lancer Publishers\|location=New Delhi\|isbn=978-1935501268\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w2snz5Cfb0gC&q=a%20leander%20class%20frigate%20barrier&pg=PA1924}}</ref>		The [[Indian Navy]] launched Operation Talwar on 25 May 1999. The entire Western Fleet had sailed from [[Mumbai]] to the North Arabian Sea to increase surveillance and adopt a deterrent posture. Elements of the Eastern FLeet joined the Western Fleet in the Arabian Sea later. The joint Western and Eastern Fleets blockaded the [[:Category:Ports and harbours of Pakistan\|Pakistani ports]] (primarily the [[Port of Karachi\|Karachi port]]).<ref>{{cite web\| url=http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/CP65.Grare.FINAL.pdf\|title=The Resurgence of Baluch nationalism\|first=Frédéric \|last=Grare\|publisher=[[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]]\| access-date=20 May 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|title=Sea Power\|url=http://www.forceindia.net/SeaPower.aspx\|access-date=17 August 2013\|newspaper=Force India\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818112456/http://www.forceindia.net/SeaPower.aspx\|archive-date=18 August 2013\|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|last=Azam Khan\|first=Cdr (Retd) Muhammad\|title=Exercise Seaspark—2001\|url=http://www.defencejournal.com/2001/apr/seaspark.htm\|publisher=Defence Journal\|access-date=17 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|title=Indian Navy celebrates its silent Kargil victory\|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/12113/report-indian-navy-celebrates-its-silent-kargil-victory\|access-date=17 August 2013\|newspaper=DNA India\|date=30 November 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|author=General Ashok K Mehta\|title=The silent sentinel\|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/1999/aug/05ashok.htm\|access-date=17 August 2013\|newspaper=Rediff\|date=5 August 2005}}</ref> They began aggressive patrols and threatened to cut Pakistan's sea trade. This exploited Pakistan's dependence on sea-based oil and trade flows.<ref name=navy>{{cite news\|title=The silent sentinel\|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/1999/aug/05ashok.htm\|access-date=19 October 2014\|date=5 August 1999\|author=General Ashok K Mehta}}</ref> Later, then-[[Prime Minister of Pakistan]], Nawaz Sharif disclosed that Pakistan was left with just six days of fuel to sustain itself if a full-scale war had broken out.<ref name = "Globalsecurity">{{cite web\| url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/kargil-99.htm\|title=1999 Kargil Conflict\|work=GlobalSecurity.org\| access-date=20 May 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|first=Bruce \|last=Riedel\|title=Avoiding Armageddon \|publisher= HarperCollins \|isbn=9350299941 \|url = http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130428/jsp/7days/story_16836328.jsp}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|last=Lambeth\|first=Benjamin\|title=Airpower at 18,000': The Indian Air Force in the Kargil War\|year=2012\|publisher=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace\|page=54\|url=http://carnegieendowment.org/files/kargil.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|last=Hiranandani\|first=G. M.\|title=Transition to Guardianship: The Indian Navy 1991–2000\|year=2009\|publisher=Lancer Publishers\|location=New Delhi\|isbn=978-1935501268\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w2snz5Cfb0gC&q=a%20leander%20class%20frigate%20barrier&pg=PA1924}}</ref>

	==Fleet Commander==		==Fleet Commander==

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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name= Eastern Fleet
|image=File:Eastern Fleet Crest New.jpg
|image_size= 250px
|caption=
|start_date=01 November 1971
|country= {{flag|India}}
|branch= {{navy|India}}
|type= [[Naval fleet|Fleet]]
|size=
|command_structure= [[Eastern Naval Command]]
|garrison=[[Visakhapatnam]]
|garrison_label= Headquarters
|equipment=
|equipment_label=
|nickname= Sunrise Fleet<ref name="PIB-Sunrise">{{cite web |title=FLEET AWARDS FUNCTION - EASTERN NAVAL COMMAND Recognising Operational Achievements |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1728727 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>
|motto=
|march=
|mascot=
|battles=
|anniversaries=
|decorations=
|battle_honors=
|commander1= [[Rear admiral (India)|Rear Admiral]] Gurcharan Singh
|commander1_label= [[Flag Officer Commanding Eastern Fleet|FOCEF]]
|notable_commanders= Rear Admiral [[S H Sarma]], [[PVSM]]
|identification_symbol=
|identification_symbol_label=
|identification_symbol_2=
|identification_symbol_2_label=
}}

The '''Eastern Fleet''' is a [[Naval fleet]] of the [[Indian Navy]]. It is known as the 'Sword Arm' of the [[Eastern Naval Command]] and called the ''Sunrise Fleet''.<ref name="auto2">{{cite web |title=Rear Admiral Suraj Berry Assumes Charge as the Flag Officer Commanding Eastern Fleet {{!}} Indian Navy |url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/rear-admiral-suraj-berry-assumes-charge-flag-officer-commanding-eastern-fleet |website=www.indiannavy.nic.in}}</ref><ref name="PIB-Sunrise" />
It is headquartered at [[Visakhapatnam]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] on the east coast of India. It is a part of the [[Eastern Naval Command]] and is responsible for the naval forces in the [[Bay of Bengal]] and parts of the [[Indian Ocean]].
[[File:File Photo of Eastern Fleet 1.JPG|thumb|right|300px|The Eastern Fleet in 2016]]
The Eastern Fleet was constituted on 1 November 1971. The Fleet is commanded by a [[Rear admiral (India)|Rear Admiral]] with the title [[Flag Officer Commanding Eastern Fleet]] (FOCEF). [[Rear admiral (India)|Rear Admiral]] Gurcharan Singh is the current FOCEF, who took over on 30 November 2022.
[[File:Indian Naval Ships Shivalik, Sahyadri, Jyoti and Kamorta of the Eastern Fleet manoeuvring in the Andaman Sea (2).jpg|thumb|right|300px|The Eastern Fleet manoeuvring in the Andaman Sea]]

==History==
After the [[independence of India|independence]] and the [[partition of India]] on 15 August 1947, the ships and personnel of the [[Royal Indian Navy]] were divided between the [[Dominion of India]] and the [[Dominion of Pakistan]]. The division of the ships was on the basis of two-thirds of the fleet to India, one third to Pakistan.<ref>Bhatia (1977), p. 28: "Consequent on the partition of the country on 15 August 1947, two thirds of the undivided fleet and associated assets came to India."</ref>

The operational ships of the remaining [[Royal Indian Navy]], minus Pakistan, were initially placed under the command of the Commodore Commanding Indian Naval Squadron (COMINS), later the Rear-Admiral Commanding Indian Naval Squadron (RACINS), whose title was then changed to Flag Officer (Flotilla) Indian Fleet (FOFIF). These appointments were initially held by British officers: Commodore H.N.S. Brown, who was the Commanding Officer of {{INS|Delhi|C74}} and serving as COMINS, seemingly at the same time, and later, Commodore (later Rear Admiral) [[Geoffrey Barnard]] who became COMINS and later Rear-Admiral Commanding, INS.<ref name=BW8>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/sites/default/themes/indiannavy/images/pdf/chapter8.pdf|title=Blue Print to Blue Water: Chapter 8}}</ref> The Flotilla was later upgraded to the Indian Fleet under a Flag Officer Commanding Indian Fleet (FOCIF).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://salute.co.in/evolution-of-western-naval-command-1612-1968/|title=EVOLUTION OF WESTERN NAVAL COMMAND 1612 – 1968|first=Cmde Odakkal|last=Johnson}}</ref>
On the proclamation of a Republic in 1950, the 'Royal' title was dropped and the Navy became simply the Indian Navy. Barnard was succeeded by Rear Admiral N.V. ("Uncle Richard") Dickinson, Rear Admiral F.A. Ballance, and then the final British officer [[Rear Admiral]] [[St John Tyrwhitt]] as FOCIF.<ref name=BW8 /> In 1956, [[Rear admiral (India)|Rear Admiral]] [[Ram Dass Katari]] became the first Indian flag officer, and was appointed the first Indian FOCIF on 2 October, when he took over from Rear Admiral Tyrwhitt.{{Sfn|Singh|1992|pp=250}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Katari |first1=Ram Dass |title=A sailor remembers |year=1982 |publisher=Vikas |isbn=9780706920642}}</ref> (title alternately given as Flag Officer (Flotilla).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/Galleries/History/Fore/Historic-40.jpg.html|title=Indian Navy | Rear Admiral R D Katari [www.bharat-rakshak.com]|website=www.bharat-rakshak.com}}</ref> In 1957, {{INS|Mysore|C60}} was commissioned, and the flag of Rear Admiral Katari was transferred, INS Mysore thus becoming the flagship of the Indian Fleet.<ref>{{cite book |title=Blueprint to bluewater, the Indian Navy, 1951-65 |year=1992 |publisher=Lancer International |isbn=9788170621485 |page=80}}</ref>

On 1 March 1968, the [[Eastern Naval Command]] was established and the Indian Fleet was renamed as the Western Fleet.<ref>{{cite web |title=Golden Jubilee Celebrations of ENC {{!}} Indian Navy |url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/golden-jubilee-celebrations-enc |website=www.indiannavy.nic.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Hiranandani |first1=G M |title=Transition to triumph : history of the Indian Navy, 1965-1975 |year=2000 |publisher=Lancer Publishers |isbn=978-1897829721}}</ref>

On 1 November 1971, the Eastern Fleet was constituted. [[Rear admiral (India)|Rear Admiral]] [[S H Sarma]], [[PVSM]] was appointed as the Founding [[Flag Officer Commanding Eastern Fleet]] (FOCEF) who commanded the fleet during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]].<ref>{{cite web |title=NAVY EASTERN FLEET FORMED ADM SARMA PLACED IN COMMAND |url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1971-SEPT-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1971-11-18_085.pdf}}</ref>

==Indo-Pakistani War of 1971==
In mid 1971, The [[aircraft carrier]] {{INS|Vikrant|1961|6}}, along with the frigates [[INS Brahmaputra (1957)|INS Brahmaputra]] and [[INS Beas (1958)|INS Beas]] were moved from the [[Western Fleet (India)|Western Fleet]] to the [[Eastern Naval Command]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Krishnan |first1=Nilakanta |title=A Sailor's story |year=2011 |publisher=Punya Pub |isbn=978-8189534141}}</ref> Thus, INS Vikrant became the flagship of the Eastern Fleet.

According to [[Vice Admiral]] [[Nilakanta Krishnan]], the then Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief [[Eastern Naval Command]] (FOC-in-C ENC), the aim of the Eastern fleet was:

''"To destroy the enemy's maritime forces deployed in support of his military operations in East Bengal and to deny all sustenance from reaching the enemy from the sea. This aim would involve keeping under the most careful surveillance the area of a triangle with a base of 270 miles and two sides of 165 and 225 miles, involving 18,000 square miles. Apart from actual surveillance, each merchant ship in this area would have to be challenged, identified and boarded. If neutral and carrying contraband, the ship would have to be escorted to the nearest Indian port. If Pakistani, she would be boarded, captured and taken in as a war prize. Ships that refused to stop would have to be forced to do so. The main task would be the isolation of Chittagong. This would mean physical attack on this port from the sea and the air. The responsibility for this, it had been agreed with the Army and Air Force would be, in the main, that of the Navy."''<ref name="auto">{{cite book |last1=Krishnan |first1=N |title=A Sailor's story |year=2011 |publisher=Punya Pub |isbn=978-8189534141}}</ref>

According to Rear Admiral S H Sarma, the Fleet Commander, the tasks of the Eastern Fleet were:
* To seek and destroy enemy naval units at sea
* To destroy his bases so that enemy naval units could not get shore support
* To establish a blockade off the East Pakistani coast
* To establish contraband control <ref>{{cite book |last1=Sarma |first1=S H |title=My years at sea |year=2001 |publisher=Lancer Publishers & Distributors |isbn=978-8170621218 |pages=159–160}}</ref>

[[File:INS Vikrant (R11) with a Sea King helicopter during Indo-Pakistani war of 1971.jpg|thumb|right|300px|INS Vikrant with a Sea King helicopter during Indo-Pakistani war of 1971.jpg]]
[[File:INS Vikrant (R11) launches an Alize aircraft during Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.jpg|thumb|right|300px|INS Vikrant launches an Alize aircraft during Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]

===ORBAT===
The Order of Battle of the Eastern Fleet was:<ref name="auto1">{{cite book |last1=Sarma |first1=S H |title=My years at sea |year=2001 |publisher=Lancer Publishers & Distributors |isbn=978-8170621218 |pages=154}}</ref><br/>
'''Fleet Commander:''' Rear Admiral S H Sarma
* '''Flag Ship''' '''Aircraft Carrier''' {{INS|Vikrant|1961|6}} - [[Captain (Indian Navy)|Captain]] [[Swaraj Parkash]], [[Maha Vir Chakra|MVC]], [[AVSM]]
'''Anti-Aircraft Frigates'''
* [[INS Brahmaputra (1957)|INS Brahmaputra]] - [[Captain (Indian Navy)|Captain]] J C Puri, [[Vir Chakra|VrC]], [[Vishisht Seva Medal|VSM]]
* [[INS Beas (1958)|INS Beas]] - [[Commander]] [[Laxminarayan Ramdas|L Ramdas]], [[Vir Chakra|VrC]], [[Vishisht Seva Medal|VSM]]
'''Anti-Submarine Frigates'''
* [[INS Kamorta (P77)|INS Kamorta]] - [[Captain (Indian Navy)|Captain]] [[Manohar Prahlad Awati|M P Awati]], [[Vir Chakra|VrC]]
* [[INS Kavaratti (P80)|INS Kavaratti]] - [[Commander]] S Pal
'''Destroyer'''
* [[HMS Rotherham|INS Rajput]] - [[Lieutenant Commander]] Inder Singh, [[Vir Chakra|VrC]]
'''[[Landing Ship, Tank]]s'''
* [[INS Magar (1949)|INS Magar]] - [[Commander]] T N Singhal
* [[INS Gharial (L12)|INS Gharial]] - [[Commander]] A K Sharma
* [[INS Guldar (L13)|INS Guldar]] - [[Commander]] U Dabir
'''Tanker'''
* INS Deshdeep - [[Commander]] C G Francis

The Eastern Fleet effectively blockaded the ports of [[East Pakistan]]. [[Bréguet 1050 Alizé|Alizé]] and [[Hawker Sea Hawk]] aircraft from the {{INS|Vikrant|1961|6}} and the ships of the fleet bombarded [[Chittagong]] and [[Cox's Bazar]].<ref name="auto1"/> The air strikes of INS Vikrant resulted in the sinking or rendering useless 11 merchant ships totalling 56914 tons.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Krishnan |first1=Nilakanta |title=A Sailor's story |year=2011 |publisher=Punya Pub |isbn=978-8189534141|page=64}}</ref> The Eastern Fleet also enforced contraband control until tasked with an amphibious landing to cut off the land escape routes into Burma.<ref>{{cite book |title=Transition to guardianship : the Indian navy 1991-2000 |date=15 January 2010 |publisher=Published by Principal Director of Administration, Integrated Headquarters, Ministry of Defence (Navy) [in association with] Lancer Publishers |isbn=978-1935501268}}</ref>

On 11 December, the FOC-in-C ENC signalled the Eastern Fleet:

''"Appreciate enemy with senior officers including FOCEF planning major breakout and will try to get away by hugging the coast. Senior officers may try to escape by air. Approaches to harbour likely to be mined.

''"Your mission is:''
*(a) Put Chittagong airport out of commission.
*(b) Attack ships in harbour by air and surface units if they break out.
''This is undoubtedly the most important mission of the war in the East. The enemy ships must, I repeat, must, be destroyed. Good Luck."''''<ref name="auto"/>

After the [[Pakistani Instrument of Surrender|surrender]] of [[Pakistan]] on 16 December 1971, the FOCEF was given the task of reopening and reactivating the [[Port of Chittagong]].

==Kargil War==
The [[Indian Navy]] launched Operation Talwar on 25 May 1999. The entire Western Fleet had sailed from [[Mumbai]] to the North Arabian Sea to increase surveillance and adopt a deterrent posture. Elements of the Eastern FLeet joined the Western Fleet in the Arabian Sea later. The joint Western and Eastern Fleets blockaded the [[:Category:Ports and harbours of Pakistan|Pakistani ports]] (primarily the [[Port of Karachi|Karachi port]]).<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/CP65.Grare.FINAL.pdf|title=The Resurgence of Baluch nationalism|first=Frédéric |last=Grare|publisher=[[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]]| access-date=20 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Sea Power|url=http://www.forceindia.net/SeaPower.aspx|access-date=17 August 2013|newspaper=Force India|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818112456/http://www.forceindia.net/SeaPower.aspx|archive-date=18 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Azam Khan|first=Cdr (Retd) Muhammad|title=Exercise Seaspark—2001|url=http://www.defencejournal.com/2001/apr/seaspark.htm|publisher=Defence Journal|access-date=17 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Indian Navy celebrates its silent Kargil victory|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/12113/report-indian-navy-celebrates-its-silent-kargil-victory|access-date=17 August 2013|newspaper=DNA India|date=30 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=General Ashok K Mehta|title=The silent sentinel|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/1999/aug/05ashok.htm|access-date=17 August 2013|newspaper=Rediff|date=5 August 2022}}</ref> They began aggressive patrols and threatened to cut Pakistan's sea trade. This exploited Pakistan's dependence on sea-based oil and trade flows.<ref name=navy>{{cite news|title=The silent sentinel|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/1999/aug/05ashok.htm|access-date=19 October 2014|date=5 August 1999|author=General Ashok K Mehta}}</ref> Later, then-[[Prime Minister of Pakistan]], Nawaz Sharif disclosed that Pakistan was left with just six days of fuel to sustain itself if a full-scale war had broken out.<ref name = "Globalsecurity">{{cite web| url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/kargil-99.htm|title=1999 Kargil Conflict|work=GlobalSecurity.org| access-date=20 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Bruce |last=Riedel|title=Avoiding Armageddon |publisher= HarperCollins |isbn=9350299941 |url = http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130428/jsp/7days/story_16836328.jsp}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Lambeth|first=Benjamin|title=Airpower at 18,000': The Indian Air Force in the Kargil War|year=2012|publisher=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace|page=54|url=http://carnegieendowment.org/files/kargil.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Hiranandani|first=G. M.|title=Transition to Guardianship: The Indian Navy 1991–2000|year=2009|publisher=Lancer Publishers|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-1935501268|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w2snz5Cfb0gC&q=a%20leander%20class%20frigate%20barrier&pg=PA1924}}</ref>

==Fleet Commander==
{{Main|Flag Officer Commanding Eastern Fleet}}

The Eastern Fleet is commanded by a [[Rear admiral (India)|Rear Admiral]] with the title Flag Officer Commanding Eastern Fleet (FOCEF), based at [[Visakhapatnam]].

==See also==
* [[Eastern Naval Command]]
* [[Western Fleet (India)|Western Fleet]]
* [[Flag Officer Commanding Eastern Fleet]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Indian Navy}}

[[Category:Naval units and formations of India]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1971]]