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	[[File:Nicolae Ceaușescu and E. M. S. Namboodiripad.jpg\|thumb\|EMS with Romanian President [[Nicolae Ceauşescu]] in 1979.]]		[[File:Nicolae Ceaușescu and E. M. S. Namboodiripad.jpg\|thumb\|EMS with Romanian President [[Nicolae Ceauşescu]] in 1979.]]
	'''Elamkulam Manakkal Sankaran Namboodiripad''' (13 June 1909 – 19 March 1998), popularly '''EMS''', was an Indian communist politician and theorist, who served as the first [[Chief Minister of Kerala]] in ~~1957–59~~ and then again in ~~1967–69~~. As a member of the [[Communist Party of India]] (CPI), he became the first non-[[Indian National Congress\|Congress]] [[Chief Minister (India)\|Chief Minister]] in the Indian republic. In 1964, he led a faction of the CPI that broke away to form the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (CPI(M)). He completed his graduation from [[St. Thomas College, Thrissur]].		'''Elamkulam Manakkal Sankaran Namboodiripad''' (13 June 1909 – 19 March 1998), popularly known as '''EMS''', was an Indian communist politician and theorist, who served as the first [[Chief Minister of Kerala]] in 1957–1959 and then again in 1967–1969. As a member of the [[Communist Party of India]] (CPI), he became the first non-[[Indian National Congress\|Congress]] [[Chief Minister (India)\|Chief Minister]] in the Indian republic. In 1964, he led a faction of the CPI that broke away to form the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (CPI(M)). He completed his graduation from [[St. Thomas College, Thrissur]].

	As chief minister, EMS pioneered radical land and educational reforms in Kerala, which helped it become the country's [[Kerala model\|leader in social indicators]]. It is largely due to his commitment and guidance that the CPI(M), of which he was Politburo member and general secretary for 14 years, has become such a domineering political force, playing a vital role in India's new era of coalition politics.<ref>{{cite news \| url= https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/obituary-e-m-s-namboodiripad-1153957.html \| newspaper=[[The Independent]] \| first=Kuldip \| last= Singh \| date=1 April 1998 \| title=Obituary: E. M. S. Namboodiripad \| access-date=20 May 2018 }}</ref>		As chief minister, EMS pioneered radical land and educational reforms in Kerala, which helped it become the country's [[Kerala model\|leader in social indicators]]. It is largely due to his commitment and guidance that the CPI(M), of which he was Politburo member and general secretary for 14 years, has become such a domineering political force, playing a vital role in India's new era of coalition politics.<ref>{{cite news \| url= https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/obituary-e-m-s-namboodiripad-1153957.html \| newspaper=[[The Independent]] \| first=Kuldip \| last= Singh \| date=1 April 1998 \| title=Obituary: E. M. S. Namboodiripad \| access-date=20 May 2018 }}</ref>
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	[[Category:20th-century Indian non-fiction writers]]		[[Category:20th-century Indian non-fiction writers]]
	~~[[Category:Marxist writers]]~~
	[[Category:20th-century Indian educational theorists]]		[[Category:20th-century Indian educational theorists]]
	[[Category:Malayalam-language writers]]		[[Category:Malayalam-language writers]]

>Rasnaboy: Adding categories

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Adding categories

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{{Short description|Indian communist politician, theorist and the first Chief Minister of Kerala}}
{{Peacock|date=September 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = E. M. S. Namboodiripad
| native_name =
| image = EMS Namboodiripad 2001 stamp of India.jpg
| office = 1st [[Chief Minister of Kerala]]
| governor = [[Bhagwan Sahay]] [[V. Viswanathan]]
| term_start = 6 March 1967
| term_end = 1 November 1969
| predecessor = [[President's rule]]
| successor = [[C. Achutha Menon]]
| governor1 = [[Burgula Ramakrishna Rao]]
| term_start1 = 5 April 1957
| term_end1 = 31 July 1959
| predecessor1 = Office Established
| successor1 = [[Pattom A. Thanu Pillai|Pattom Thanu Pillai]]
| office2 = [[General Secretary]] of [[Communist Party of India]]
| term_start2 = 29 April 1962
| term_end2 = 11 April 1964
| predecessor2 = [[Ajoy Ghosh]]
| successor2 = [[Chandra Rajeswara Rao]]
| office3 = General Secretary of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| term_start3 = 8 April 1978
| term_end3 = 9 January 1992
| predecessor3 = [[P. Sundarayya]]
| successor3 = [[Harkishan Singh Surjeet]]
| alma_mater = [[St. Thomas College, Thrissur]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1909|6|13|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Perinthalmanna]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British India]] (Present day [[Malappuram district]], [[Kerala]], [[India]])
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1998|3|19|1909|6|13}}
| death_place = [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| spouse = Arya Antharjanam (1937–1998)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/EMS-wife-passes-away/articleshow/1302677556.cms|title=EMS' wife passes away|website=The Times of India|access-date=21 February 2019}}</ref>
| party = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (from 1964), [[Communist Party of India]] (before 1964),
| children = 4<ref>{{cite news |title=E.M. Sreedharan dead |url=http://www.thehindu.com/2002/11/15/stories/2002111505110400.htm |date=15 November 2002 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=6 June 2018}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
| residence = [[Thiruvananthapuram]]
| website = [https://web.archive.org/web/20070818124625/http://www.keralacm.gov.in/ems.htm Government of Kerala]
}}
[[File:Nicolae Ceaușescu and E. M. S. Namboodiripad.jpg|thumb|EMS with Romanian President [[Nicolae Ceauşescu]] in 1979.]]
'''Elamkulam Manakkal Sankaran Namboodiripad''' (13 June 1909 – 19 March 1998), popularly '''EMS''', was an Indian communist politician and theorist, who served as the first [[Chief Minister of Kerala]] in 1957–59 and then again in 1967–69. As a member of the [[Communist Party of India]] (CPI), he became the first non-[[Indian National Congress|Congress]] [[Chief Minister (India)|Chief Minister]] in the Indian republic. In 1964, he led a faction of the CPI that broke away to form the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (CPI(M)). He completed his graduation from [[St. Thomas College, Thrissur]].

As chief minister, EMS pioneered radical land and educational reforms in Kerala, which helped it become the country's [[Kerala model|leader in social indicators]]. It is largely due to his commitment and guidance that the CPI(M), of which he was Politburo member and general secretary for 14 years, has become such a domineering political force, playing a vital role in India's new era of coalition politics.<ref>{{cite news | url= https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/obituary-e-m-s-namboodiripad-1153957.html | newspaper=[[The Independent]] | first=Kuldip | last= Singh | date=1 April 1998 | title=Obituary: E. M. S. Namboodiripad | access-date=20 May 2018 }}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Elamkulam Manakkal Sankaran Namboodiripad was born on 13 June 1909, as the fourth son of Parameswaran Namboodiripad and Vishnudatha Antharjanam, at [[Elamkulam, Malappuram|Elamkulam]], situated on the banks of [[Thuthapuzha]] River, in [[Perinthalmanna taluk]] of the present [[Malappuram district]] into an aristocratic upper-caste Brahmin family. His two elder brothers died before he was born, and the third brother was [[intellectual disability|intellectually disabled]]. He lost his father when he was five. In his early years, he was a close friend of Sr. P.M. Mathew. He was associated with [[V. T. Bhattathiripad]], [[M. R. Bhattathiripad]] and many others in the fight against the [[casteism]] and conservatism that existed in the [[Namboothiri]] community. He became one of the office-bearers of [[Valluvanad (southern Malabar)|Valluvanad]]u Yogaskshema Sabha, an organisation of progressive Namboothiri youth.

During his college days, he was deeply associated with the [[Indian National Congress]] and the [[Indian independence movement]]. It is said he would walk 5–8 km to hear the firebrand Cochin politician [[Vettath J Mathai|V.J Mathai]] speak.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2015/aug/18/Resurrecting-the-Legend-of-Vettath-Mathai-800849.html|title=Resurrecting the Legend of Vettath Mathai|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=2019-08-01}}</ref>

He was well known for his stammer.<ref>{{cite news|author=K. M. Tampi|date=17 May 2001|title=A colourful personality fades out from the Kerala scene|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url=http://hindu.com/2001/05/17/stories/0217000m.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030506234204/http://www.hindu.com/2001/05/17/stories/0217000m.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 May 2003}}</ref> When asked if he always stammered, he would reply, "No, only when I speak."<ref name="Smita Mitra and John Mary">{{cite magazine|author=Smita Mitra and John Mary|date=14 March 2011|title=Streaming Syllables|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?270735|magazine=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook India]]}}</ref>

EMS was married to Arya Antharjanam and had two sons - E. M. Sreedharan and E. M. Sasi - and two daughters - E. M. Malathy and E. M. Radha. His grandson (Sreedharan's son) [[Sujith Shankar]] is an actor.

== Writings ==
{{Main|E. M. S. Namboodiripad bibliography}}
He was a writer and author of [[E. M. S. Namboodiripad bibliography|several literary works]] and his book on the history of Kerala is notable.<ref name="Namboodiripad's writings"/><ref>[[Ramachandra Guha]], ''[[India after Gandhi]]'', p 294</ref> He described [[Mahatma Gandhi]] as a Hindu fundamentalist.<ref>London Review of Books, http://www.lrb.co.uk/v19/n15/letters, "Pankaj Mishra’s Diary (LRB, 19 June) was an absorbing read, but he is a trifle too kind to the Economic and Political Weekly and Frontline as voices of genuine radical dissent. Both are of Stalinist-Maoist pedigree and should the country’s Communist Parties achieve exclusive power at the national level, neither journal is likely to promote the right of dissent it enjoys in India today. One Frontline columnist, the octogenarian Communist Party of India (Marxist) leader E.M.S. Namboodaripad, described Mahatma Gandhi as a Hindu fundamentalist."</ref>

* '''EMS Athmakatha''' (E M S Autobiography) > Sahithya Academy Award winner, 1970 > {{Cite book |url=https://nastiknation.org/product/ems-athmakatha|title=EMS Athmakatha}}
* Mooladhanam: oru mukhavura
* A History of Indian Freedom Struggle
* Keralam Malayalikalude Mathrubhumi
* Kerala charithram marxist veekshanathil
* The Frontline Years Selected Articles
* Indian swathanthryasamara charithram
* Gandhiyum Gandhisavum
* Gramscian vicharaviplavam
* The Mahatma and the Ism<ref>{{cite book |last1=Namboodiripad |first1=E. M. S. |title=The Mahatma and the Ism |year=2010 |publisher=LeftWord Books |isbn=978-81-87496-98-4 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Mahatma_and_the_Ism/AAw59zNJDYoC?hl=en&gbpv=0&kptab=overview |language=en}}</ref>
* History, society, and land relations : selected essays
* Darshanathe Pati
* Oru indian communistinte ormakkurippukal
* Crisis into Chaos: Political India, 1981
* Marxism oru paadapusthakam
* Charitravum Charitrarachanayum: Marxist Veekshanam
* Achuthamenon vyakthiyum rashtreeyavum
* Communist Party Keralathil
* Asanum Malayala Sahityavum
* Jathiyum Samudayavum Rashtreeyavum Yugangaliloode
* EMS-inte Thiranjedutha Prasangangal
* Kerala: yesterday today tomorrow

== Socialism ==
In 1934, he was one of the founders of [[Congress Socialist Party]], a [[socialist]] wing within the [[Indian National Congress]], and elected as its All India Joint Secretary from 1934 to 1940. During this period, he was also elected to the [[Madras Legislative Assembly]] (1939).

He remained committed to [[socialism|socialist ideals]], and his compassion towards the [[working class]] led him to join the [[Communism in India|Communist movement]]. The [[Government of India|Indian government]] considered him to be one of the [[Organizational founder|founders]] of the [[Communist Party of India]] (CPI) in [[Kerala]], forcing him to go into hiding. During the 1962 [[Sino-Indian war]], he was among leaders who aired China's view on the border issue. When the [[1964 split in the Communist Party of India|CPI split in 1964]], EMS stood with the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (CPI(M)). He was the leader of the [[Kerala]] state committee of CPI(M). He served as a member of the [[Central Committee]] and the [[Politburo]] of the CPI(M) until his death in 1998. EMS became [[general secretary]] in 1977, a designation he held until 1992. A [[marxism|Marxist]] scholar, he influenced the development of [[Kerala]], of whom he was the first [[Chief Minister]].

== Election to state government ==

A [[Communist Party of India|Communist]]-led government under E. M. S. Namboodiripad resulted from the first elections for the new Kerala Legislative Assembly in 1957, making him the first communist leader in India to head a popularly elected government.<ref name=tornquist91>{{cite journal | author= Olle Törnquist | year= 1991 | title= Communists and democracy: Two Indian cases and one debate | journal= Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars | publisher= Committee of Concerned Asian Scholars | volume= 23 | issue= 2 | pages= 63–76 | issn= 0007-4810 | url= http://criticalasianstudies.org/assets/files/bcas/v23n02.pdf | doi= 10.1080/14672715.1991.10413152 | quote= The first democratically elected communist-led government in India actually came to power in 1957 in the southwest-Indian state of Kerala. Two years later this government was undemocratically toppled-by the union government and the Congress-I party with Indira Gandhi in the forefront. But the communists were reelected and led several of the following state governments. | access-date= 20 September 2011 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110811034858/http://criticalasianstudies.org/assets/files/bcas/v23n02.pdf | archive-date= 11 August 2011 | url-status= dead }}</ref><ref name="SinghKarafin2009">{{cite book|author1=Sarina Singh|author2=Amy Karafin|author3=Anirban Mahapatra|title=South India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8KnLFpjEHpUC|access-date=6 January 2013|date=1 September 2009|publisher=Lonely Planet|isbn=978-1-74179-155-6}}</ref> It was one of the earliest elected Communist governments, after Communist success in the 1945 elections in the [[Republic of San Marino]] (a city-state surrounded by Italy).<ref name=Hindu>{{cite news|title=50 years of development|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-others/tp-states/50-years-of-development/article1655056.ece?ref=archive|access-date=30 August 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=12 April 2007|author=K.G. Kumar}}</ref><ref name="Desai2006">{{cite book|author=Manali Desai|title=State Formation and Radical Democracy in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=60m9znJQmmkC&pg=PA142|access-date=31 August 2013|date=27 November 2006|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-203-96774-4|page=142}}</ref><ref name="ChitkaraŚarmā1997">{{cite book|author1=Madan Gopal Chitkara|author2=Baṃśī Rāma Śarmā|title=Indian Republic: Issues and Perspective|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7YrmNURVoroC&pg=PA134|access-date=18 November 2012|date=1 January 1997|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-7024-836-1|page=134}}</ref><ref name="Mayne1999">{{cite book|author=Alan James Mayne|title=From Politics Past to Politics Future: An Integrated Analysis of Current and Emergent Paradigms|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6MkTz6Rq7wUC&pg=PA59|access-date=30 August 2013|date=1 January 1999|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-275-96151-0|page=59}}</ref>) It was also the first time for a regional party in India to win state elections. On 5 April 1957 he was appointed as the first chief minister of Kerala. His government introduced the [[Land reform in Kerala|Land Reform Ordinance]] and [[Kerala Education Bill, 1957|Education Bill]]. In 1959, the Central Government dismissed his government through the controversial [[president's rule|Article 356]] of the [[Indian Constitution]] following "[[The Liberation Struggle]]".

[[Indira Gandhi]] convinced Nehru, who was hesitant to dismiss a democratically elected government, to make such a decision.<ref>Moynihan, ''Dangerous Place'', 41</ref><ref>Godbole, [https://books.google.com/books?id=mYTmd3Kc0uEC&pg=PA84 ''Public Accountability and Transparency: The Imperatives of Good Governance''], 84.</ref> [[Central Intelligence Agency]]'s involvement in the ouster has been long suspected. Declassified CIA documents show that the first Communist government concerned them and "preventing additional Keralas became an important argument for augmenting U.S. assistance to India".<ref name="state">{{cite web|url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1955-57v08/d175|publisher=history.state.gov|title=Foreign Relations of the United States, 1955–1957, South Asia, Volume VIII - Office of the Historian|access-date=29 January 2017}}</ref> According to the biography of former US Ambassador [[Ellsworth Bunker]], "the election results rang alarm bells in Washington"<ref>{{cite news|last1=Nair|first1=Naveen|title=How CIA ousted Left govt in Kerala|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/how-cia-ousted-left-govt-in-kerala/43293-3.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211204038/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/how-cia-ousted-left-govt-in-kerala/43293-3.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 February 2011|access-date=15 March 2015|work=IBN Live|date=28 June 2007}}</ref><ref>Schaffer, [https://books.google.com/books?id=g7VLu2b4C78C&pg=PA67 ''Ellsworth Bunker: Global Troubleshooter, Vietnam Hawk''], 67</ref>

He became the Chief Minister of Kerala for the second time in 1967 as the leader of a seven-party coalition ([[Saptakakshi Munnani]]) which included the CPI and Muslim League. Soon after becoming Chief Minister again, on 31 January 1968 he inaugurated a mechanised coir factory called Floorco in Pozhikkara, Paravur. This time his tenure lasted for two and a half years, and the government fell on 24 October 1969 due to internal conflicts within the constituent parties.

Namboodiripad was the Leader of Opposition in the [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]] from 1960 to 1964 and again from 1970 to 1977. His vision of decentralisation of power and resources ([[People's Plan]]) and the Kerala Literacy Movement influenced Kerala society. He authored several books in English and Malayalam. Chintha Publication, Kerala has published all his books under the title, "E M S Sanchika". He also was well known as a journalist.

==As the head of ministries in the Kerala State Assembly==
E. M. S. has led 2 ministries in Kerala.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Details of the Ministries led by E. M. S. Namboodiripad
!Sl no.
!Ministry
!Date formed
!Date dissolved
!Remarks
|-
|1
|[[First E. M. S. Namboodiripad ministry]]
|5 April 1957
|31 July 1959
|Dismissed under Article 356 in the aftermath of the so-called ''[[Vimochana Samaram|Liberation Struggle]]'' <ref>{{cite web|url=http://firstministry.kerala.gov.in/2017/04/01/vimochana-samaram/|title=Vimochana Samaram|website=First Ministry|access-date=21 February 2019}}</ref>
|-
|2
|[[Second E. M. S. Namboodiripad ministry]]
|6 March 1967
|1 November 1969
|Tendered resignation as a result of internal dissensions and subsequent loss of majority.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/kerala-chronicles-when-coalition-7-political-parties-came-together-only-fall-apart-63905|title=Kerala chronicles: When a coalition of 7 political parties came together only to fall apart|website=Live Mint|date=19 June 2017|access-date=21 February 2019}}</ref>
|}

== Sino-Indian war and split in the Communist Party==
During the 1962 [[Sino-Indian war]], other parties portrayed left-wing parties as pro-China, since both were Communist. Namboodiripad stated that the left was focused on solving the border dispute through talks.<ref name="Namboodiripad's writings">{{cite news | url= http://www.hindu.com/br/2004/11/16/stories/2004111600451403.htm | title= Book Review: Namboodiripad's writings | first=B. R. P. |last=BHASKAR | newspaper= [[The Hindu]] | date= 16 November 2004 | access-date= 14 March 2015 }}</ref>

== Association with Progressive Movement for Arts and Letters ==
Namboodiripad, [[Kesari Balakrishna Pillai]], [[Joseph Mundassery]], [[M. P. Paul]] and [[K. Damodaran]] were architects of "JeevalSahitya Prastanam", renamed Purogamana Sahitya Prastanam ([[Progressive Association for Arts and Letters]]). Though the party considered Kesari one of the visionaries of the Progressive Movement for Arts and Letters in Kerala, serious differences of opinion emerged between full-time Communist Party activists and other personalities, namely Kesari and Mundassery. In this context, Namboodiripad famously accused Kesari of being a "[[petit-bourgeois]] intellectual", an appellation he retracted. Namboodiripad also acknowledged some of the earlier misconceptions of the Communist Party with respect to the Progressive Literature and Arts Movement. This debate is known as "Rupa Bhadrata Vivadam", an important milestone in the growth of modern [[Malayalam literature]].

== Death ==
[[File:Ems hospital.JPG|thumb|The E.M.S. Memorial Co-operative Hospital in [[Perinthalmanna]]]]

Despite his age and failing health, Namboodiripad was still active in political and social fields. He actively campaigned during the [[1998 Indian general election|1998 general election]]. Soon after the results were declared, he contracted [[pneumonia]], and was admitted to the Cosmopolitan hospital in [[Thiruvananthapuram]], where he died at 3:40 p.m ([[Indian Standard Time|IST]]) on 19 March 1998, aged 88.<ref>{{cite news |title=E M S Namboodiripad dead |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/1998/mar/19ems.htm |access-date=7 November 2018 |work=Rediff.com |date=19 March 1998}}</ref> He was cremated with full state honours in Thycaud electric crematorium in Thiruvananthapuram.

Three more deaths occurred in his family within five years after his death, starting with his daughter-in-law Dr. Yamuna in August 2001, and later followed by his wife Arya Antharjanam in January 2002 and elder son E.M. Sreedharan in November 2002.

== Bibliography ==
{{Main|E. M. S. Namboodiripad bibliography}}

== In popular culture ==
In the 2014 film ''[[Vasanthathinte Kanal Vazhikalil]]'', [[Sudheesh]] reprises the role of Namboodiripad.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/vasanthathinte-kanal-vazhikalil-film-on-p-krishna-pillai/article6590825.ece|title=Ode to a brave patriot|first=Saraswathy|last=Nagarajan|date=13 November 2014|work=The Hindu}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Kerala Council of Ministers]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{Citation
| last = Bakshi
| first = S. R.
| title = E. M. S. Namboodiripad: The Marxist Leader
| publisher = Anmol Publisher
| place = New Delhi
| year = 1994
| isbn = 978-8-1704-1703-3
}}
* {{Citation
| last = P. Govinda Pillai
| author-link = P. Govinda Pillai
| title = E. M. S. Namboodiripad
| publisher = [[National Book Trust]]
| place = New Delhi
| year = 2007
| language = ml
}}
* {{Citation
| last = Multiple authors
| title = History Maker: E. M. S. Namboodiripad (1909–1998)
| publisher = Frontline
| url = http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1507/fl150700.htm
| place = Chennai
| year = 1998
}}
* {{Citation|title=Chief Ministers, Ministers, and Leaders of Opposition of Kerala|last=|publisher=Secratriat of [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|Kerala Legislature]]|year=2018|location=[[Thiruvananthapuram]]|url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/14kla/chief%20ministers,%20ministers,%20leaders%20of%20opposition.pdf}}

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
{{commons category|E. M. S. Namboodiripad}}
* [https://www.andrewwhitehead.net/communist-voices-ems-namboodiripad.html EMS Namboodiripad talking about how he became a communist in the 1930s and the development of the Indian communist movement]

{{s-start}}
{{S-off
}}
{{s-bef
| before = (none)
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Chief Minister of Kerala]]
| years = 1957–1959
}}
{{s-aft
| after = [[Pattom Thanupillai]]
}}
{{S-break}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[R. Sankar]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Chief Minister of Kerala]]
| years = 1967–1969
}}
{{s-aft
| after = [[C. Achutha Menon]]
}}
{{S-break}}
{{S-ppo}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[P. Sundarayya]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = General Secretary of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| years = 1978–1992
}}
{{s-aft
| after = [[Harkishan Singh Surjeet]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
{{Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Namboodiripad, E. M. S.}}
[[Category:1909 births]]
[[Category:1998 deaths]]
[[Category:Chief Ministers of Kerala]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians from Kerala]]
[[Category:Government Victoria College, Palakkad alumni]]
[[Category:Indian atheists]]
[[Category:Indian reformers]]
[[Category:Brahmin Indian independence activists]]
[[Category:Malayali politicians]]
[[Category:Educators from Kerala]]
[[Category:St. Thomas College, Thrissur alumni]]
[[Category:Leaders of the Opposition in Kerala]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
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[[Category:General Secretaries of the Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 1960–1964]]
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 1970–1977]]
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 1977–1979]]
[[Category:Indian political writers]]
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[[Category:Writers from Kerala]]
[[Category:People from Malappuram district]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Marxist writers]]
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[[Category:Malayalam-language writers]]
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[[Category:20th-century Indian philosophers]]
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[[Category:Indian Marxist journalists]]
[[Category:Indian Marxist writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:Journalists from Kerala]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Brahmins who fought against discrimination]]
[[Category:Anti-caste activists]]

E. M. S. Namboodiripad - Revision history

NaomiLoftis490: expanded lead additionally and cleaned formatting

->Issan Sumisu: MOS:DATERANGE

imported>Striving for excellence: Updated the page

>Rasnaboy: Adding categories

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:08, 11 August 2021
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	{{Short description\|Indian communist politician, theorist and the first Chief Minister of Kerala}}		{{Short description\|Indian communist politician, theorist and the first Chief Minister of Kerala}}
	~~{{Peacock\|date=September 2020}}~~
	{{Use Indian English\|date=December 2014}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=December 2014}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=May 2020}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=May 2020}}