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<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|Vedic god}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2016}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox deity<br />
| type = Hindu<br />
| devanagari = <br />
| affiliation = [[Deva (Hinduism)|Deva]], [[Pancha Bhoota]]<br />
| abode = [[Dyuloka]], Sky ({{IAST|ākāśa}}, {{lang|sa|आकाश}})<br />
| member_of =<br />
| other_names = [[Akasha]]<br />
| deity_of = God of Sky and Heaven<br />
| consort = [[Prithvi]]<br />
| offspring = [[Surya]], [[Ushas]], and the [[Rigvedic deities|other gods]]<br />
| texts = [[Rigveda]]<br />
| Greek_equivalent = [[Zeus]]<br />
| Roman_equivalent = [[Jupiter (mythology)|Jupiter]]<br />
}}<br />
{{Hinduism small}}<br />
'''Dyaus''' ({{IPAc-en|'|dy|aʊ|ʃ}} {{respell|DYOWSH}}), or '''Dyauspitar''' (Devanagari द्यौष्पितृ, {{IAST|Dyáuṣpitṛ́|[[Sky Father]]}}), is the [[Rigvedic deities|Ṛgvedic]] sky deity. His consort is [[Prithvi]], the earth goddess, and together they are the archetypal parents in the [[Rigveda|Ṛg·veda]].<br />
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== Name ==<br />
{{IAST|Dyauṣ}} stems from [[Proto-Indo-Iranian language|Proto-Indo-Iranian]] [[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/dyā́wš|''*dyā́wš'']], from the [[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]] (PIE) daylight-sky god {{PIE|''*[[Dyēus]]''}}, and is [[cognate]] with the Greek [[Zeus|''Zeus Patēr'']], Illyrian ''[[Deipaturos|Dei-pátrous]]'', or Latin [[Jupiter (mythology)|''Jupiter'']] (from an earlier *''Djous patēr''), stemming from the PIE ''Dyḗus ph₂tḗr'' ("Daylight-sky Father").''{{Sfn|West|2007|p=171}}''<br />
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The noun {{IAST|dyaús}} (when used without the {{IAST|pitṛ́}} 'father') refers to the daylight sky, and occurs frequently in the [[Rigveda|Ṛg·veda]], as an entity. The sky in Vedic writing was described as rising in three tiers, {{IAST|avamá}}, {{IAST|madhyamá}}, and {{IAST|uttamá}} or {{IAST|tṛtī́ya}}.<ref>[[Rigveda|Ṛg·veda]], 5.60.6.</ref><br />
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== Role ==<br />
Dyáuṣ Pitṛ́ appears in hymns with [[Prithvi|Prithvi Mata]] 'Mother Earth' in the ancient Vedic scriptures of [[Hinduism]].<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Leeming|first1=David|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kjO6CwAAQBAJ&pg=PT17|title=The Goddess: Myths of the Great Mother|last2=Fee|first2=Christopher|date=2016|publisher=Reaktion Books|isbn=978-1-78023-538-7|language=en}}</ref><br />
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In the Ṛg·veda, ''Dyáuṣ Pitṛ́'' appears in verses 1.89.4, 1.90.7, 1.164.33, 1.191.6, 4.1.10. and 4.17.4<ref>Sanskrit: [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/ऋग्वेदः Ṛg·veda], Wikisource; translation: Ralph T. H. Griffith [[wikisource:The Rig Veda|Rigveda]], Wikisource</ref> He is also referred to under different theonyms: [[Dyavaprithvi]], for example, is a [[dvandva compound]] combining 'heaven' and 'earth' as Dyauṣ and [[Prithvi]]. <br />
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Dyauṣ's most defining trait is his paternal role.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Macdonell|first=Arthur Anthony|title=Vedic Mythology|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1897|pages=21-22}}</ref> His daughter, [[Ushas|Uṣas]], personifies dawn.<ref>{{cite book|author=Roshen Dalal|author-link=Roshen Dalal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zrk0AwAAQBAJ|title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide|publisher=[[Penguin Books]]|year=2014|isbn = 9788184752779}} Entry: "Dyaus"</ref> The gods, especially Sūrya, are stated to be the children of Dyauṣ and Prithvi.<ref name=":1" /> Dyauṣ's other sons include Agni, [[Parjanya]], the [[Ādityas]], the [[Maruts]], and the Angirases.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> The [[Ashvins]] are called "''divó nápāt''", meaning offspring/progeny/grandsons of Dyauṣ.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=West|first=M. L.|title=Indo-European Poetry and Myth|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2007|location=978-0-19-928-075-9|pages=187}}</ref> Dyauṣ is often visualized as a roaring animal, often a bull, who fertilizes the earth.<ref name=":0" /> Dyauṣ is also known for the rape of his own daughter, which is vaguely but vividly mentioned in the Ṛg·veda.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Jamison|first=Stephanie|title=The Rigveda –– The Earliest Religious Poetry of India|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2014|pages=50–51}}</ref> <br />
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Dyauṣ is also stated to be like a black stallion studded with pearls in a simile with the night sky.<ref name=":0" />{{Sfn|Jamison|Brereton|2014|p=1492}} <br />
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Indra's separation of Dyauṣ and Prithvi is celebrated in the Rigveda as an important creation myth.<ref name=":1" /> <br />
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==See also==<br />
*[[Dyēus]]<br />
*[[Rigvedic deities]]<br />
*[[Uranus (mythology)]]<br />
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==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{refbegin}}<br />
*{{cite book |first=Thomas |last=Oberlies |title=Die Religion des Rgveda |location=Vienna |date=1998}}<br />
{{refend}}<br />
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{{Rigveda}}<br />
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{{Authority control}}<br />
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[[Category:Rigvedic deities]]<br />
[[Category:Sky and weather gods]]<br />
[[Category:Indo-European deities]]</div>>245CMR