Godrejsplende: made basic stub first draft

2025-11-13T19:09:04Z

made basic stub first draft

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{{Short description|Bread from United States Virgin Islands}}
{{Infobox prepared food
| name = Dumb bread
| image = Dumb bread.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Dumb bread
| country = Virgin Islands
| national_cuisine =
| creator =
| course =
| type = Bread
| served = Room temperature
| main_ingredient = Flour, water, butter, salt, sugar, baking powder, milk, often shredded coconut
| variations =
| calories =
| other =
}}

'''Dumb bread''' is a traditional bread that originates from the [[Virgin Islands]].<ref name="TasteAtlas 2021 i653">{{cite web | title=Traditional Bread From United States Virgin Islands | website=TasteAtlas | date=2021-08-10 | url=https://www.tasteatlas.com/dumb-bread | access-date=2024-04-23}}</ref><ref name="Morse 2022 p. 234">{{cite book |last=Morse |first=K.J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=auTNEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT234 |title=The Americas: An Encyclopedia of Culture and Society [2 volumes] |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2022 |isbn=979-8-216-04766-7 |page=234 |access-date=2024-04-23}}</ref> The name comes from the cooking technique ''[[dum pukht]]'', which originated from India and was brought to the [[Caribbean]] when the Indian [[Indentured servitude|indentured workers]] replaced the [[Slavery|slaves]].<ref name="TasteAtlas 2021 i653" /><ref name="DK Eyewitness 2020 p. 357">{{cite book |author=DK Eyewitness |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eJ_mDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT357 |title=USA National Parks: Lands of Wonder |publisher=DK |year=2020 |isbn=978-0-7440-3657-2 |page=357 |access-date=2024-04-23}}</ref><ref name="St. Croix Source 2003 f517">{{cite web |date=2003-01-12 |title=A SMART, MODERN-DAY WAY TO MAKE DUMB BREAD |url=https://stcroixsource.com/2003/01/12/smart-modern-day-way-make-dumb-bread/ |access-date=2024-04-23 |website=St. Croix Source}}</ref>

This bread does not require any [[yeast]].<ref name="Potter 2015 p. 649">{{cite book |last=Potter |first=S.H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XQgrCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT649 |title=Moon U.S. & British Virgin Islands |publisher=Avalon Publishing |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-63121-168-3 |series=Moon Handbooks |page=649 |access-date=2024-04-23}}</ref> Ingredients include flour, water, butter, sugar, baking powder, salt, and milk; oftentimes, shredded [[coconut]] is also added to the dough.<ref name="TasteAtlas 2021 i653" /><ref name="B 2014 a495">{{cite web |last=B |first=Dienia |date=2014-08-27 |title=Virgin Islands Dumb Bread Recipe |url=https://www.recipezazz.com/recipe/virgen-islands-dumb-bread-14022 |access-date=2024-04-23 |website=Recipezazz.com}}</ref> Sometimes, [[cornmeal]] may be used.<ref name="Allsopp Allsopp 2003 p. 207">{{cite book |last=Allsopp |first=R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PmvSk13sIc0C&pg=PA207 |title=Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage |last2=Allsopp |first2=J. |publisher=University of the West Indies Press |year=2003 |isbn=978-976-640-145-0 |page=207 |access-date=2024-04-23}}</ref> The same dough can be used to make [[johnnycake]]s.<ref name="McWilliams 2018 p. 252">{{cite book |last=McWilliams |first=M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pc0MEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT252 |title=Food and Landscape: Proceedings of the 2017 Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery |publisher=Prospect Books |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-909248-62-5 |series=Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery |page=252 |access-date=2024-04-23}}</ref> The bread can be filled with [[cheddar cheese]].<ref name="Greenberg Greenberg 2006 p. 136">{{cite book |last=Greenberg |first=H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-tXST8ZfgY0C&pg=PA136 |title=The US Virgin Islands Alive! |last2=Greenberg |first2=D. |publisher=Hunter |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-58843-584-2 |series=Alive guides |page=136 |access-date=2024-04-23}}</ref><ref name="Porter Prince 2006 p. 472">{{cite book |last=Porter |first=D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D9_Z_UxGnaIC&pg=PA472 |title=Caribbean For Dummies |last2=Prince |first2=D. |publisher=Wiley |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-471-96251-9 |series=--For dummies |page=472 |language=es |access-date=2024-04-23}}</ref> It is served cut into triangles and often along with [[Rooibos|bush tea]] or coffee.<ref name="Greenberg Greenberg 2006 p. 136" />

On [[Annaberg, Saint John, U.S. Virgin Islands|Annaberg]] in [[Saint John, U.S. Virgin Islands|Saint John]], the docents will sometimes act as bakers and make dumb bread.<ref name="DK Eyewitness 2020 p. 357" /><ref name="Potter 2015 p. 649" />

== Preparation ==
The dough is first made with the dry ingredients combined with butter then milk with [[shredded coconut]] being optionally added.<ref name="B 2014 a495" /> The dough is then kneaded and formed into a round loaf.<ref name="B 2014 a495" /> The dough is then allowed to rest.<ref name="B 2014 a495" /> It is then cooked in a [[Frying pan|skillet]] or [[dutch oven]] over hot coals with additional hot coals on top of the skillet lid to cook the bread from above and below.<ref name="TasteAtlas 2021 i653" /><ref name="St. Croix Source 2003 f517" /><ref name="McWilliams 2018 p. 252" /> The bread is cooked until golden brown and sounding hollow when tapped.<ref name="TasteAtlas 2021 i653" /> The bread requires a resting period after baking or it will be damp and doughy on the inside.<ref name="B 2014 a495" />

==See also==
* [[List of breads]]

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Breads]]
[[Category:United States Virgin Islands]]
[[Category:British Virgin Islands]]

Dumb bread - Revision history

Godrejsplende: made basic stub first draft