Igorzen: slightly reworked formatting for accuracy and cleaned formatting for accuracy

2026-01-12T08:34:43Z

slightly reworked formatting for accuracy and cleaned formatting for accuracy

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:04, 12 January 2026
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	{{~~original research~~\|date=~~May 2020~~}}		{{refimprove\|date=July 2025}}

	'''Dumal''' is a ~~[[caste]]~~ in western [[~~Orissa, India\|Orissa]] with members distributed through the [[Boudh district\|Boudh~~]], ~~[[Kandhamal district~~\|Phulbani]], [[Balangir district\|Balangir]], [[Subarnapur district\|Sonepur]], [[Bargarh district\|Bargarh]], [[Sambalpur district\|Sambalpur]], [[Cuttack district\|Cuttack]], [[Angul district\|Angul]] and [[Debagarh district\|Debgarh ]]districts.		{{Use Indian English\|date=April 2023}}
	This caste is categorised as an Other Backward Class ~~(OBC)~~ according to [[Reservation in India\|Reservation system of India]].<ref>[http://www.ncbc.nic.in/Writereaddata/2635221884005388474.pdf Gazette of India], 27 October 1994. Retrieved on 24 July 2014.</ref> They are the landlords, they give ground to people for cultivation and from those people they get money (Khajana). So the occupation was agriculture,<ref>Caste in India: Its Nature, Function and Origins, p50, p247</ref> although the community members also serve in the Indian military.<ref>The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India (Volumes I and II) By R.V. Russel</ref>		{{Short description\|Hindu caste in western Odisha, India}}
			'''Dumal''', also called '''Dumala''' (also known as Mithila Nanda Gauda in eastern Odisha), is a community found in western [[Odisha]], India.{{cn\|date=October 2023}}

			This caste is categorised as an [[Other Backward Class]] according to [[Reservation in India\|Reservation system of India]].<ref>[http://www.ncbc.nic.in/Writereaddata/2635221884005388474.pdf Gazette of India], 27 October 1994. Retrieved on 24 July 2014.</ref>

	==Origin==		==Origin==
	~~The caste originally came from Orissa. Its name~~ was ~~derived from~~ the ~~village of Dumba Hadap~~ in ~~the former Athmallik state~~.<ref>~~Archived Ebook [~~https://~~archive~~.~~org~~/~~stream/thetribesandcast22010gut/22010.txt "The Tribes and Castes of~~ the ~~Central Provinces~~ of ~~India Volume II Archived "]~~</ref>		They were the milk suppliers of Puri and their role was to supply milk, curd and ghee to the temple and guard Lord Jagannath in Puri.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Servorum \|first=Servus \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RvoaogEACAAJ \|title=Mysticism in the Temple of Jagannath at Puri, Orissa \|date=2015 \|publisher=Abhijeet Publications \|isbn=978-93-5074-124-5 \|language=en}}</ref>

	~~Another explanation of its origin is that Dumal is derived from Duma~~, the ~~name~~ of the ~~gateway in Baudh town, which they lived near~~. ~~[[Herbert Hope Risley\|Sir H. Risley]] wrote, “The Dumals or Jadupuria seems to be~~ a ~~group of local formation. They cherish the tradition that their ancestors~~ came to ~~Orissa from Jadupur~~, ~~but~~ this ~~appears to be nothing more than~~ the ~~name~~ of ~~Yadavs/Jadavas,~~ the ~~mythological progenitors of~~ the ~~Yaduvanshi caste transformed into~~ the ~~name of an imaginary town~~."{{cn\|~~date~~=~~May 2020}}~~		One day, a vulture was found sitting on the Neelachakra of the temple. The puja pandit (priest) had a dream and came to know that the ghee served was impure, for which Lord Jagannath was dissatisfied and thus this vulture appeared. The puja pandit secretly informed the Gajapati Maharaja of this and the King ordered punishment. One official from the court secretly informed the suppliers about the king's decision to punish them the next day.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Mahanti (Retd) \|first=Col J. C. \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QweqCQAAQBAJ&q=jagannath+puri \|title=The Saga of Jagannatha and Badadeula at Puri (Story of Lord Jagannatha and his Temple) \|date=2014-05-01 \|publisher=Vij Books India Pvt Ltd \|isbn=978-93-82652-45-8 \|language=en}}</ref> That night those innocent people who supplied ghee to the temple left their houses in Puri with their families to save themselves and went towards the west.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Patra \|first=Avinash \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RlwTCwAAQBAJ&q=jagannath+puri \|title=Origin & Antiquity of the Cult of Lord Jagannath \|date=2011-06-23 \|publisher=Oxford University Press \|language=en}}</ref>

	Another legend states that when [[Lord Rama]] was wandering in the forests of Sambalpur, he met three brothers and asked each one to bring him a cup of water. The first brother brought water in a clean brass pot, his name was Sudh (~~well-mannered~~). The ~~second brother made a cup out~~ of ~~leaves~~ and ~~drew water from a well using a rope, his name was Dumal, from dori-mal~~ (~~a coil~~ of ~~rope). The third brother brought water in a hollow gourd,~~ and his ~~name was Kolta, from ku~~-~~rita (ill~~-~~mannered). This shows [[Kulta]], Dumal,~~ and ~~Sudh have some connections~~.{{cn\|date=~~May 2020~~}}

	==References==		==References==
	{{Reflist\|33em}}		{{Reflist\|33em}}

	== ~~Sources~~ ==		== Further reading ==
			*{{Cite book \|last=Russell \|first=R.V. \|url=http://archive.org/details/TheTribesAndCastesOfTheCentralProvincesOfIndiaVolII \|title=The Tribes And Castes Of The Central Provinces Of India \|volume=II \|date=1916 \|pages=530–535 \|language=English}}
	*~~Paper submitted by Mr Parmanada Tiwari, Extra assistant commissioner and Assistant settlement officer, Sambalpur~~
	*Paper drawn up by Mr. ~~Rai Bahadur Hira Lal, Extra Assistant Commissioner~~
	*The Tribes And Castes ~~of the~~ Central Provinces of India ~~By R. V. Russell~~
	*The tribes and castes of the central provinces of India, Volume 1 - Page 538 By R.V. Russell, R.B.H. Lai
	*{{Cite journal\|url=http://jhss.org/articleview.php?artid=142\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121223092152/http://jhss.org/articleview.php?artid=142\|archive-date=2012-12-23\|url-status=dead\|journal=Journal of History & Social Sciences\|title=Social Structure of Western Orissa Under the Chauhans of Sambalpur\|accessdate=22 March 2015}}		*{{Cite journal\|url=http://jhss.org/articleview.php?artid=142\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121223092152/http://jhss.org/articleview.php?artid=142\|archive-date=2012-12-23\|url-status=dead\|journal=Journal of History & Social Sciences\|title=Social Structure of Western Orissa Under the Chauhans of Sambalpur\|accessdate=22 March 2015}}
	*{{cite book\|first=R.V. \|last=Russell\|title=The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India\|url={{google books \|plainurl=y \|id=yhV2DkrdNFkC}}\|year=1916\|publisher=Asian Educational Services\|isbn=978-81-206-0833-7}}
	*{{cite book\|title=Sociological Bulletin\|url={{google books \|plainurl=y \|id=6pHZAAAAMAAJ}}\|year=2000\|publisher=Indian Sociological Society.}}		*{{cite book\|title=Sociological Bulletin\|url={{google books \|plainurl=y \|id=6pHZAAAAMAAJ}}\|year=2000\|publisher=Indian Sociological Society.}}

	[[Category:Social groups of Odisha]]		[[Category:Social groups of Odisha]]
	[[Category:~~Yadava gotra~~]]		[[Category:Other Backward Classes]]
			[[Category:Indian castes]]
			[[Category:Ethnic groups in Odisha]]

>Olden Creed: /* Sources */ added category

2021-06-05T17:11:45Z

Sources: added category

New page

{{original research|date=May 2020}}

'''Dumal''' is a [[caste]] in western [[Orissa, India|Orissa]] with members distributed through the [[Boudh district|Boudh]], [[Kandhamal district|Phulbani]], [[Balangir district|Balangir]], [[Subarnapur district|Sonepur]], [[Bargarh district|Bargarh]], [[Sambalpur district|Sambalpur]], [[Cuttack district|Cuttack]], [[Angul district|Angul]] and [[Debagarh district|Debgarh ]]districts.
This caste is categorised as an Other Backward Class (OBC) according to [[Reservation in India|Reservation system of India]].<ref>[http://www.ncbc.nic.in/Writereaddata/2635221884005388474.pdf Gazette of India], 27 October 1994. Retrieved on 24 July 2014.</ref> They are the landlords, they give ground to people for cultivation and from those people they get money (Khajana). So the occupation was agriculture,<ref>Caste in India: Its Nature, Function and Origins, p50, p247</ref> although the community members also serve in the Indian military.<ref>The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India (Volumes I and II) By R.V. Russel</ref>

==Origin==
The caste originally came from Orissa. Its name was derived from the village of Dumba Hadap in the former Athmallik state.<ref>Archived Ebook [https://archive.org/stream/thetribesandcast22010gut/22010.txt "The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India Volume II Archived "]</ref>

Another explanation of its origin is that Dumal is derived from Duma, the name of the gateway in Baudh town, which they lived near. [[Herbert Hope Risley|Sir H. Risley]] wrote, “The Dumals or Jadupuria seems to be a group of local formation. They cherish the tradition that their ancestors came to Orissa from Jadupur, but this appears to be nothing more than the name of Yadavs/Jadavas, the mythological progenitors of the Yaduvanshi caste transformed into the name of an imaginary town."{{cn|date=May 2020}}

Another legend states that when [[Lord Rama]] was wandering in the forests of Sambalpur, he met three brothers and asked each one to bring him a cup of water. The first brother brought water in a clean brass pot, his name was Sudh (well-mannered). The second brother made a cup out of leaves and drew water from a well using a rope, his name was Dumal, from dori-mal (a coil of rope). The third brother brought water in a hollow gourd, and his name was Kolta, from ku-rita (ill-mannered). This shows [[Kulta]], Dumal, and Sudh have some connections.{{cn|date=May 2020}}

==References==
{{Reflist|33em}}

== Sources ==

*Paper submitted by Mr Parmanada Tiwari, Extra assistant commissioner and Assistant settlement officer, Sambalpur
*Paper drawn up by Mr. Rai Bahadur Hira Lal, Extra Assistant Commissioner
*The Tribes And Castes of the Central Provinces of India By R. V. Russell
*The tribes and castes of the central provinces of India, Volume 1 - Page 538 By R.V. Russell, R.B.H. Lai
*{{Cite journal|url=http://jhss.org/articleview.php?artid=142|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121223092152/http://jhss.org/articleview.php?artid=142|archive-date=2012-12-23|url-status=dead|journal=Journal of History & Social Sciences|title=Social Structure of Western Orissa Under the Chauhans of Sambalpur|accessdate=22 March 2015}}
*{{cite book|first=R.V. |last=Russell|title=The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=yhV2DkrdNFkC}}|year=1916|publisher=Asian Educational Services|isbn=978-81-206-0833-7}}
*{{cite book|title=Sociological Bulletin|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=6pHZAAAAMAAJ}}|year=2000|publisher=Indian Sociological Society.}}

[[Category:Social groups of Odisha]]
[[Category:Yadava gotra]]

Dumal - Revision history

Igorzen: slightly reworked formatting for accuracy and cleaned formatting for accuracy

>Olden Creed: /* Sources */ added category