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{{Short description|Area of land where precipitation collects and drains off into a common outlet}}
{{Redirect|Catchment basin|the human geography concept|Catchment area}}
[[File:Hydrographic basin.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|Top-down illustration of a [[Drainage system (geomorphology)|dendritic]] drainage basin. The dashed line is the main water divide of the hydrographic basin.]]
[[File:EN Bazinul hidrografic al Raului Latorita, Romania.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Digital [[relief mapping (computer graphics)|terrain map]] of the [[Latorița River]]'s drainage basin in [[Romania]]]]
[[File:Modelare 3D pentru Bazinul Hidrografic al Paraului Latorita.gif|thumb|upright=1.35|[[Digital terrain model]] of the Latorița River's drainage basin in Romania]]

A '''drainage basin''' is any area of land where [[precipitation]] collects and drains off into a common outlet, such as into a [[river]], [[bay]], or other [[body of water]]. The drainage basin includes all the [[surface water]] from [[surface runoff|rain runoff]], [[snowmelt]], hail, sleet and nearby streams that run downslope towards the shared outlet, as well as the [[groundwater]] underneath the earth's surface.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/ritter/glossary/a_d/drainage_basin.html |title=drainage basin |work=The Physical Environment |publisher=University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040321033433/http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/ritter/glossary/a_d/drainage_basin.html|archive-date=March 21, 2004 }}</ref> Drainage basins connect into other drainage basins at lower elevations in a [[Strahler number|hierarchical pattern]], with smaller '''sub-drainage basins''', which in turn drain into another common outlet.<ref name=whatis>{{cite web |url=http://www.wr.udel.edu/cb/whatwhycare.html |title=What is a watershed and why should I care? |publisher=university of delaware |access-date=2008-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121122519/http://www.wr.udel.edu/cb/whatwhycare.html |archive-date=2012-01-21 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Other terms for ''drainage basin'' are '''[[wiktionary:catchment|catchment]] area''', '''catchment basin''', '''drainage area''', '''river basin''', '''water basin''',<ref>{{cite book|last=Lambert|first=David|title=The Field Guide to Geology|publisher=Checkmark Books|year=1998|pages=[https://archive.org/details/fieldguidetogeol00lamb_0/page/130 130–13]|isbn=0-8160-3823-6|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/fieldguidetogeol00lamb_0/page/130}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Uereyen |first1=Soner |last2=Kuenzer |first2=Claudia |title=A Review of Earth Observation-Based Analyses for Major River Basins |journal=Remote Sensing |date=9 December 2019 |volume=11 |issue=24 |pages=2951 |doi=10.3390/rs11242951 |bibcode=2019RemS...11.2951U |doi-access=free }}</ref> and '''impluvium'''.<ref name=":1">{{cite journal |last1=Huneau|first1=F. |last2=Jaunat|first2=J. |last3=Kavouri|first3=K. |last4=Plagnes|first4=V.| last5=Rey|first5=F. |last6=Dörfliger|first6=N. |date= 2013-07-18 |publisher= Elsevier |title= Intrinsic vulnerability mapping for small mountainous karst aquifers, implementation of the new PaPRIKa method to Western Pyrenees (France) |journal= Engineering Geology |volume= 161 |pages=81–93 |quote= Efficient management is strongly correlated to the proper protection perimeter definition around springs and proactive regulation of land uses over the spring's catchment area ("impluvium"). |doi=10.1016/j.enggeo.2013.03.028 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.encyclopedie-environnement.org/en/water/natural-mineral-waters/#5_Protected_and_managed_over_time |title= Natural mineral waters |last=Lachassagne |first=Patrick |publisher=Encyclopédie de l'environnement |date=2019-02-07 |access-date=2019-06-10 |quote= In order to preserve the long-term stability and purity of natural mineral water, bottlers have put in place "protection policies" for the impluviums (or catchment areas) of their sources. The catchment area is the territory on which the part of precipitated rainwater (and/or snowmelt) that infiltrates the subsoil feeds the mineral aquifer and thus contributes to the renewal of the resource. In other words, a precipitated drop on the impluvium territory may join the mineral aquifer; ...}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00321-8|last1=Labat|first1=D. |last2=Ababou|first2=R. |last3=Manginb|first3=A. |title=Rainfall–runoff relations for karstic springs. Part I: convolution and spectral analyses |journal= Journal of Hydrology |volume=238 |issue=3–4| pages=123–148 |date=2000-12-05 |quote= The non-karstic impluvium comprises all elements of the ground surface and soils that are poorly permeable, on a part of which water is running while also infiltrating on another minor part. This superficial impluvium, if it exists, constitutes the first level of organisation of the drainage system of the karstic basin.|bibcode=2000JHyd..238..123L}}</ref> In [[North America]], the term '''''watershed''''' is commonly used to mean a drainage basin, though in other English-speaking countries, it is used only in its original sense, that of a [[drainage divide]].

In a closed drainage basin, or [[endorheic basin]], the water converges to a single point inside the basin, known as a [[sink (geography)|sink]], which may be a permanent lake, a [[dry lake]], or a point where surface water is [[Losing stream|lost underground]].<ref name=virginia>{{cite web |url= http://www.dcr.virginia.gov/stormwater_management/hu.shtml |title= Hydrologic Unit Geography |publisher= Virginia Department of Conservation & Recreation |access-date= 21 November 2010 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://archive.today/20121214100316/http://www.dcr.virginia.gov/stormwater_management/hu.shtml |archive-date= 14 December 2012 }}</ref>

The drainage basin acts as a [[funnel]] by collecting all the water within the area covered by the basin and channelling it to a single point. Each drainage basin is separated topographically from adjacent basins by a perimeter, the [[drainage divide]], making up a succession of higher geographical features (such as a [[ridge]], [[hill]] or [[mountain]]s) forming a barrier.

Drainage basins are similar but not identical to [[Hydrological code|hydrologic units]], which are drainage areas delineated so as to nest into a multi-level hierarchical [[drainage system (geomorphology)|drainage system]]. Hydrologic units are defined to allow multiple inlets, outlets, or sinks. In a strict sense, all drainage basins are hydrologic units but not all hydrologic units are drainage basins.<ref name=virginia/>

== Major drainage basins of the world ==
{{Main list|List of drainage basins by area}}

[[File:Ocean drainage.png|thumb|left|upright=2| Major [[continental divide]]s, showing how terrestrial drainage basins drain into the oceans. Grey areas are [[endorheic basin]]s that do not drain to the oceans]]

{{clear left}}

=== Ocean basins ===
The following is a list of the major ocean basins:
* About 48.71% of the world's land drains to the [[Atlantic Ocean]].{{citation needed|date=January 2017}} In [[North America]], surface water drains to the Atlantic via the [[Saint Lawrence River]] and [[Great Lakes]] basins, the [[East Coast of the United States|Eastern Seaboard]] of the United States, the [[Maritimes|Canadian Maritimes]], and most of [[Newfoundland and Labrador]]. Nearly all of [[South America]] east of the [[Andes]] also drains to the Atlantic, as does most of [[Western Europe|Western]] and [[Central Europe]] and the greatest portion of western [[Sub-Saharan Africa]], as well as [[Western Sahara]] and part of [[Morocco]]. The two major [[Mediterranean sea (oceanography)|mediterranean seas]] of the world also flow to the Atlantic:
** The [[Caribbean Sea]] and [[Gulf of Mexico]] basin includes most of the U.S. interior between the [[Appalachian Mountains|Appalachian]] and [[Rocky Mountains]], a small part of the Canadian provinces of [[Alberta]] and [[Saskatchewan]], eastern [[Central America]], the islands of the Caribbean and the Gulf, and a small part of northern South America.
** The [[Mediterranean Sea]] basin includes much of [[North Africa]], east-central [[Africa]] (through the [[Nile River]]), [[Southern Europe|Southern]], Central, and [[Eastern Europe]], [[Turkey]], and the coastal areas of [[Israel]], [[Lebanon]], and [[Syria]].
* The [[Arctic Ocean]] drains most of [[Western Canada|Western]] and [[Northern Canada]] east of the [[Continental Divide of the Americas|Continental Divide]], northern [[Alaska]] and parts of [[North Dakota]], [[South Dakota]], [[Minnesota]], and [[Montana]] in the United States, the north shore of the [[Scandinavian peninsula]] in Europe, central and northern Russia, and parts of [[Kazakhstan]] and [[Mongolia]] in [[Asia]], which totals to about 17% of the world's land.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Vörösmarty|first1=C. J.|last2=Fekete|first2=B. M.|last3=Meybeck|first3=M.|last4=Lammers|first4=R. B.|date=2000|title=Global system of rivers: Its role in organizing continental land mass and defining land-to-ocean linkages|url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/1999GB900092|journal=Global Biogeochemical Cycles|language=en|volume=14|issue=2|pages=599–621|doi=10.1029/1999GB900092|bibcode=2000GBioC..14..599V|issn=1944-9224|access-date=2021-08-15|archive-date=2021-08-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815070038/https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/1999GB900092|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Just over 13% of the land in the world drains to the [[Pacific Ocean]].<ref name=":0" /> Its basin includes much of China, eastern and southeastern Russia, Japan, the [[Korean Peninsula]], most of Indochina, Indonesia and Malaysia, the Philippines, all of the [[Pacific Islands]], the northeast coast of [[Australia]], and Canada and the United States west of the Continental Divide (including most of Alaska), as well as western Central America and South America west of the Andes.
* The [[Indian Ocean]]'s drainage basin also comprises about 13% of Earth's land. It drains the eastern coast of Africa, the coasts of the [[Red Sea]] and the [[Persian Gulf]], the [[Indian subcontinent]], Burma, and most parts of Australia.<ref>{{cite news |title=Largest Drainage Basins in the World |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/largest-drainage-basins-in-the-world.html |work=WorldAtlas |date=17 May 2018}}</ref>
* The [[Southern Ocean]] drains [[Antarctica]]. Antarctica comprises approximately eight percent of the Earth's land.

=== Largest river basins ===
The five largest river basins (by area), from largest to smallest, are the basins of the [[Amazon River|Amazon]] (7M km{{sup|2}}), the [[Congo River|Congo]] (4M km{{sup|2}}), the [[Nile River|Nile]] (3.4M km{{sup|2}}), the [[Mississippi River|Mississippi]] (3.22M km{{sup|2}}), and the [[Río de la Plata]] (3.17M km{{sup|2}}). The three rivers that drain the most water, from most to least, are the Amazon, [[Ganga River|Ganga]], and Congo rivers.<ref>Encarta Encyclopedia articles on [[Amazon River]], [[Congo River]], and [[Ganges]] Published by Microsoft in computers.</ref>

=== Endorheic drainage basins ===
[[File:Uureg Nuur.jpg|thumb|[[Endorheic basin]] in [[Central Asia]]]]
{{Main|Endorheic basin}}

[[Endorheic basin|Endorheic drainage basins]] are inland basins that do not drain to an ocean. Around 18% of all land drains to endorheic lakes or seas or sinks. The largest of these consists of much of the interior of [[Asia]], which drains into the [[Caspian Sea]], the [[Aral Sea]], and numerous smaller lakes. Other endorheic regions include the [[Great Basin]] in the United States, much of the [[Sahara Desert]], the drainage basin of the [[Okavango River]] ([[Kalahari Basin]]), highlands near the [[African Great Lakes]], the interiors of [[Australia]] and the [[Arabian Peninsula]], and parts in [[Mexico]] and the [[Andes]]. Some of these, such as the Great Basin, are not single drainage basins but collections of separate, adjacent closed basins.

In endorheic [[Bodies of water|bodies of standing water]] where evaporation is the primary means of water loss, the water is typically more saline than the oceans. An extreme example of this is the [[Dead Sea]].

== Importance ==

=== Geopolitical boundaries ===
Drainage basins have been historically important for determining territorial boundaries, particularly in regions where trade by water has been important. For example, the [[England|English]] crown gave the [[Hudson's Bay Company]] a monopoly on the [[fur trade]] in the entire [[Hudson Bay]] basin, an area called [[Rupert's Land]]. [[bioregionalism|Bioregional]] political organization today includes agreements of states (e.g., international [[treaty|treaties]] and, within the US, [[interstate compact]]s) or other political entities in a particular drainage basin to manage the body or bodies of water into which it drains. Examples of such interstate compacts are the [[Great Lakes Commission]] and the [[Tahoe Regional Planning Agency]].

=== Hydrology ===
[[File:Ohiorivermap.png|thumb|right|Drainage basin of the [[Ohio River]], part of the [[Mississippi River]] drainage basin]]

In [[hydrology]], the drainage basin is a logical unit of focus for studying the movement of water within the [[hydrological cycle]], because the majority of water that discharges from the basin outlet originated as [[Precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]] falling on the basin.<ref>{{Cite web|title=drainage basin {{!}} Definition, Example, & Facts|url=https://www.britannica.com/science/drainage-basin|access-date=2021-10-22|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref> A portion of the water that enters the [[groundwater]] system beneath the drainage basin may flow towards the outlet of another drainage basin because groundwater flow directions do not always match those of their overlying drainage network. Measurement of the discharge of water from a basin may be made by a [[stream gauge]] located at the basin's outlet. Depending on the conditions of the drainage basin, as rainfall occurs some of it seeps directly into the ground. This water will either remain underground, slowly making its way downhill and eventually reaching the basin, or it will permeate deeper into the soil and consolidate into groundwater aquifers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Watersheds and Drainage Basins|url=https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/watersheds-and-drainage-basins?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects|access-date=2021-10-22|website=www.usgs.gov}}</ref>

As water flows through the basin, it can form tributaries that change the structure of the land. There are three different main types, which are affected by the rocks and ground underneath. Rock that is quick to erode forms dendritic patterns, and these are seen most often. The two other types of patterns that form are trellis patterns and rectangular patterns.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Earle|first=Steven|date=2015-09-01|title=13.2 Drainage Basins|url=https://opentextbc.ca/geology/chapter/13-2-drainage-basins/|language=en}}</ref>

Rain gauge data is used to measure total precipitation over a drainage basin, and there are different ways to interpret that data. If the gauges are many and evenly distributed over an area of uniform precipitation, using the [[arithmetic mean]] method will give good results. In the [[Thiessen polygon]] method, the drainage basin is divided into polygons with the rain gauge in the middle of each polygon assumed to be representative for the rainfall on the area of land included in its polygon. These polygons are made by drawing lines between gauges, then making perpendicular bisectors of those lines form the polygons. The [[isohyet]]al method involves contours of equal precipitation are drawn over the gauges on a map. Calculating the area between these curves and adding up the volume of water is time-consuming.

[[Isochrone map]]s can be used to show the time taken for runoff water within a drainage basin to reach a lake, reservoir or outlet, assuming constant and uniform effective rainfall.<ref name="hydrolearthsystsci bell 1998">{{cite journal | title=A grid-based distributed flood forecasting model for use with weather radar data: Part 1. Formulation | author=Bell, V. A. | journal=Hydrology and Earth System Sciences | year=1998 | volume=2 | issue=2/3 | pages=265–281 | doi=10.5194/hess-2-265-1998 | publisher=[[Copernicus Publications]] | author2=Moore, R. J.| bibcode=1998HESS....2..265B | url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00304542/file/hess-2-265-1998.pdf | doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="subramanya 2008">{{cite book | title=Engineering Hydrology | publisher=Tata McGraw-Hill | author=Subramanya, K | year=2008 | pages=298 | isbn=978-0-07-064855-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LROqKvHaRyMC&q=Clark%E2%80%99s+IUH+time-area+method+isochrone&pg=PA298}}</ref><ref name="unesco ">{{cite web | url=http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/glossary/glu/EN/GF0705EN.HTM | title=EN 0705 isochrone map | publisher=[[UNESCO]] | access-date=March 21, 2012 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121122145250/http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/glossary/glu/EN/GF0705EN.HTM | archive-date=November 22, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.petropedia.com/definition/2126/isochron-map |title=Isochron Map |access-date=2021-09-03 |archive-date=2021-09-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903103537/https://www.petropedia.com/definition/2126/isochron-map |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Geomorphology ===
Drainage basins are the principal hydrologic unit considered in [[fluvial]] [[geomorphology]]. A drainage basin is the source for water and [[sediment]] that moves from higher elevation through the river system to lower elevations as they reshape the channel forms.

=== Ecology ===
[[File:Mississippi River basin.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|The [[Mississippi River]] drains the largest area of any [[United States|U.S.]] river, much of it [[agriculture|agricultural]] regions. Agricultural runoff and other water pollution that flows to the outlet is the cause of the [[dead zone (ecology)|hypoxic, or dead zone]] in the [[Gulf of Mexico]].]]

Drainage basins are important in [[ecology]]. As water flows over the ground and along rivers it can pick up nutrients, sediment, and [[water pollution|pollutants]]. With the water, they are transported towards the outlet of the basin, and can affect the ecological processes along the way as well as in the receiving water source.

Modern use of artificial fertilizers, containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, has affected the mouths of drainage basins. The minerals are carried by the drainage basin to the mouth, and may accumulate there, disturbing the natural mineral balance. This can cause [[eutrophication]] where plant growth is accelerated by the additional material.

=== Resource management ===
{{Further|Watershed management}}
Because drainage basins are coherent entities in a hydrological sense, it has become common to manage water resources on the basis of individual basins. In the [[U.S. state]] of [[Minnesota]], governmental entities that perform this function are called "[[Watershed district (Minnesota)|watershed district]]s".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-09-07|title=Twin Cities Metropolitan Area (TCMA) Watersheds|url=https://www.pca.state.mn.us/water/twin-cities-metropolitan-area-tcma-watersheds|access-date=2021-09-22|website=Minnesota Pollution Control Agency|language=en}}</ref> In New Zealand, they are called catchment boards. Comparable community groups based in Ontario, Canada, are called [[Conservation authority (Canada)|conservation authorities]]. In North America, this function is referred to as "[[watershed management]]".
In [[Brazil]], the National Policy of Water Resources, regulated by Act n° 9.433 of 1997, establishes the drainage basin as the territorial division of Brazilian water management.

When a river basin crosses at least one political border, either a border within a nation or an international boundary, it is identified as a [[transboundary river]]. Management of such basins becomes the responsibility of the countries sharing it. [[Nile Basin Initiative]], [[OMVS]] for [[Senegal River]], [[Mekong River Commission]] are a few examples of arrangements involving management of shared river basins.

Management of shared drainage basins is also seen as a way to build lasting peaceful relationships among countries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.strategicforesight.com/inner-articles.php?id=310#.WA9Ia-V97GI|title=Water Cooperation for a Secure World|website=www.strategicforesight.com|date = 25 November 2013|last1= bin Talal|first1 = Hassan|last2= Waslekar|first2= Sundeep}}</ref>

== Catchment factors ==
The catchment is the most significant factor determining the amount or likelihood of [[flooding]].

Catchment factors are: [[topography]], shape, size, [[soil]] type, and [[land use]] (paved or [[roof]]ed areas). Catchment topography and shape determine the time taken for [[rain]] to reach the river, while catchment size, soil type, and development determine the amount of water to reach the river.

=== Topography ===
Generally, topography plays a big part in how fast runoff will reach a river. Rain that falls in steep [[mountain]]ous areas will reach the primary river in the drainage basin faster than flat or lightly sloping areas (e.g., > 1% gradient).

=== Shape ===
Shape will contribute to the speed with which the runoff reaches a river. A long thin catchment will take longer to drain than a circular catchment.

=== Size ===
Size will help determine the amount of water reaching the river, as the larger the catchment the greater the potential for flooding. It is also determined on the basis of length and width of the drainage basin.

=== Soil type ===
Soil type will help determine how much water reaches the river. The runoff from the drainage area is dependent on the soil type. Certain soil types such as [[sand]]y soils are very free-draining, and rainfall on sandy soil is likely to be absorbed by the ground. However, soils containing [[clay]] can be almost impermeable and therefore rainfall on clay soils will run off and contribute to flood volumes. After prolonged rainfall even free-draining soils can become [[wikt:saturated|saturated]], meaning that any further rainfall will reach the river rather than being absorbed by the ground. If the surface is impermeable the precipitation will create surface run-off which will lead to higher risk of flooding; if the ground is permeable, the precipitation will infiltrate the soil.<ref name=":1" />

=== Land use ===
Land use can contribute to the volume of water reaching the river, in a similar way to clay soils. For example, rainfall on roofs, [[sidewalk|pavements]], and [[road]]s will be collected by rivers with almost no absorption into the [[groundwater]].

== See also ==
{{Portal|Wetlands}}
* {{annotated link|Continental Divide of the Americas}}
* {{annotated link|Integrated catchment management}}
* {{annotated link|Interbasin transfer}}
* {{annotated link|International Journal of River Basin Management|abbreviation=JRBM}}
* {{annotated link|International Network of Basin Organizations}}
* {{annotated link|Main stem}}
* {{annotated link|River basin management plans}}
* {{annotated link|River bifurcation}}
* {{annotated link|Tenaja}}
* {{annotated link|Time of concentration}}
*[[Catchment hydrology]]

== References ==
=== Citations ===
{{Reflist|30em}}

=== Sources ===
{{Refbegin}}
* DeBarry, Paul A. (2004). ''Watersheds: Processes, Assessment and Management.'' John Wiley & Sons.
{{Refend}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RxO2814piio Instructional video: Manual watershed delineation is a five-step process]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kTO3lRfpKVs Instructional video: To delineate a watershed you must identify land surface features from topographic contours]
* [http://www.abc.net.au/science/catchmentdetox/factsheet/ Science week catchment factsheet]
* [http://www.toolkit.net.au/ Catchment Modelling Toolkit]
* [http://www.weap21.org/ Water Evaluation And Planning System (WEAP) - modeling hydrologic processes in a drainage basin]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060913064817/http://spectre.nmsu.edu/watertaskforce/aboutus.lasso?t=31&v=Watershed%20Management New Mexico State University - Water Task Force]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060212062909/http://www.watershed.org/news/fall_94/terminology.html Recommended Watershed Terminology]
* [https://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo41782 Watershed Condition Classification Technical Guide] [[United States Forest Service]]
* [http://water.usgs.gov/wsc ''Science in Your Watershed''], [[USGS]]
* [http://www.ericdigests.org/2003-1/ideas.htm ''Studying Watersheds: A Confluence of Important Ideas'']
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100903183933/http://www.waterdsm.org/ ''Water Sustainability Project'' Sustainable water management through demand management and ecological governance, with the POLIS Project at the University of Victoria]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040408040253/http://earthtrends.wri.org/maps_spatial/maps_detail_static.cfm?map_select=274&theme=2 Map of the Earth's primary watersheds], [[World Resources Institute|WRI]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120121122519/http://www.wr.udel.edu/cb/whatwhycare.html What is a watershed and why should I care?]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061011005121/http://www.cycleau.com/index.asp Cycleau - A project looking at approaches to managing catchments in North West Europe]
* [http://techalive.mtu.edu/meec/module01/whatiswatershed.htm flash animation of how rain falling onto the landscape will drain into a river depending on the terrain]
* [http://web.mit.edu/star/hydro StarHydro – software tool that covers concepts of fluvial geomorphology and watershed hydrology]
* [http://cfpub.epa.gov/surf/locate/index.cfm EPA Surf your watershed]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090806002334/http://www.protectingourwater.org/watersheds/map/ Florida Watersheds and River Basins - Florida DEP]

{{river morphology}}
{{Rivers, streams and springs}}
{{Wetlands}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Drainage basins| ]]
[[Category:Fluvial landforms]]
[[Category:Freshwater ecology]]
[[Category:Geomorphology]]
[[Category:Hydrology]]
[[Category:Rivers]]
[[Category:Water and the environment]]
[[Category:Water streams]]

Drainage basin - Revision history

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	== See also ==		== See also ==
	~~{{Portal\|Wetlands}}~~
	* {{annotated link\|Continental Divide of the Americas}}		* {{annotated link\|Continental Divide of the Americas}}
	* {{annotated link\|Integrated catchment management}}		* {{annotated link\|Integrated catchment management}}