>Monkbot: Task 18 (cosmetic): eval 9 templates: hyphenate params (8×);

2021-01-31T06:31:16Z

Task 18 (cosmetic): eval 9 templates: hyphenate params (8×);

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{{Infobox Tibetan Buddhist monastery
|name = Dorje Drak
|image =
|image size =
|alt =
|caption =
|t= རྡོ་རྗེ་བྲག་དགོན་པ།
|w= rdo rje brag dgon pa
|to =
|ipa=
|z=
|thdl=
|e=
|tc=
|s=
|p=
|pushpin_map = China
|coordinates = {{coord|29.353|91.132|type:landmark_region:CN-54|display=inline,title}}
|map_caption = Location within China

|location_country = China
|location = [[Lhoka (Shannan) Prefecture]], known as U-Tsang
|founded_by = Ngari Panchen Pema Wangyal (1487-1582)
|date_founded =
|date_renovated =
|school = [[Nyingma]]
|dedicated_to =
|head_lama =
|no._of_monks =
|architecture =
|footnotes =
}}
{{Tibetan Buddhism}}
'''Dorjidak''' [[Gompa]] ({{bo|t=རྡོ་རྗེ་བྲག་དགོན་པ།|w=rdo rje brag dgon pa}} "Indestructible Rock [[Vihara]]") or '''Tupten Dorjidak Dorjé Drak Éwam Chokgar''' ({{bo|t= ཐུབ་བསྟན་རྡོ་རྗེ་བྲག་རྡོ་རྗེ་བྲག་ཨེ་ཝཾ་ལྕོག་སྒར་|w=thub bstan rdo rje brag rdo rje brag e waM lcog sgar}}) is a [[Tibetan Buddhism|Tibetan Buddhist]] monastery and one of the [[Nyingma]] school's
[[Nyingma#Six Mother Monasteries|"Six Mother Monasteries"]] in Tibet. It is located in the [[Lhoka (Shannan) Prefecture]] in the south of the [[Tibet Autonomous Region]], older southeastern [[Ü-Tsang]].<ref>Berzin (1991, expanded 2003)</ref>

Dorje Drak is also the name of the monastery built to replace it in [[Shimla]], [[India]] after the original was destroyed during the [[Battle of Chamdo]]. It is now the seat of the throne-holder of the monastery and the tradition.<ref name="Dorje Drak Monastery">[http://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Dorje_Drak_Monastery Dorje Drak Monastery]</ref> Along with [[Mindrolling Monastery]] it is one of the two most important Nyingma monasteries in the [[Ü (region)|region of Ü]].<ref>Mayhew and Kohn (2005), p. 147.</ref>

==History==
The earlier name of Dorje Drak was Ewam Chogar Gompa, built by Ngari Panchen Pema Wangyal (1487-1582). It was enlarged by Pema Wangyal's tulku Jangdag Tashi Tobgyal Wangpode (1550-1602). Jangdag Wangpode’s son was the first Rigdzin Ngaggi Wangpo and also the third lineage holder.<ref name=SB>''Nyingma monasteries:Dorje Drag'', http://studybuddhism.com/en/advanced-studies/history-culture/monasteries-in-tibet/nyingma-monasteries-dorje-drag</ref> The two earlier incarnations and lineage holders were entitled Rigdzin<ref>Treasury of Lives, ''3rd Dorje Drak'', https://treasuryoflives.org/search/results</ref> in honor of the reestablishment of the monastery in 1630-1632 by Ngaggi Wangpo.

At the monastery's relocation site, a footprint of [[Padmasambhava]] (Pad-ma ‘byung-gnas), also known as Guru Rinpoche, was found on the rock mountain behind the monastery, along with a naturally formed crossed vajra.<ref name=SB/> Considered auspicious, it led to the addition of "Indestructible Rock" to the monastery's founding name: Ewan Chogar Gompa became Thubten Dorje Drag Ewam Chogar,<ref name=SB/> known of as Dorje Drak. Another Sister Monastery, [[Katok Monastery]] also was located on a naturally occurring crossed vajra.

{{quote|In 1632 the monastery relocated from [[Ü-Tsang|Tsang]] to its present tranquil setting on the north bank of the [[Brahmaputra]], when the young Third Rigdzin Ngagiwangpo and his guardian Jangdak Tashi Topgyel were forced to flee the wrath of the kings of Tsang. Their successor, the erudite Fourth Rigdzin Pema Trinle (b. 1641) greatly enlarged the monastery before his untimely death at the hands of the [[Dzungar people|Dzungar]] Mongolians, who sacked the monastery in 1717.<ref name="Dorje 2009, p. 197">Dorje (2009), p. 197.</ref>}}

Rebuilding began in 1720, under patronage of the [[7th Dalai Lama]], Kelzang Gyatso. However, when Kelzang Pema Wangchuk, The Fifth Dorje Drak Rigdzin (1719/20-1770/71) was enthroned as the monastery's third throne holder, its buildings were still lying mostly in ruins.<ref name = "kelzangpemawangchuk">{{Cite encyclopedia
| last = Chhosphel
| first = Samten
| title = The Fifth Dorje Drak Rigdzin, Kelzang Pema Wangchuk
| encyclopedia = The Treasury of Lives: Biographies of Himalayan Religious Masters
| access-date = 2013-10-08
| date = July 2013
| url = http://www.treasuryoflives.org/biographies/view/Fifth-Dorje-Drak-Rigdzin-Kelzang-Pema-Wangchuk/9513
}}</ref>

The Sixth Dorje Drak Rigdzin, Kunzang Gyurme Lhundrub (d. 1808?) is remembered for "building and maintaining the monastery." He "gave teachings, commissioned numerous objects of faith, sponsored the printing of scriptures, and emphasized the study of the Jangter and other traditions' texts."<ref name = "kunzanggyurmelhundrupdorje">{{Cite encyclopedia
| last = Chhosphel
| first = Samten
| title = The Sixth Dorje Drak Rigdzin, Kunzang Gyurme Lhundrub
| encyclopedia = The Treasury of Lives: Biographies of Himalayan Religious Masters
| access-date = 2013-10-08
| date = July 2013
| url = http://www.treasuryoflives.org/biographies/view/Kunzang-Gyurme-Lhundrub/13191
}}</ref>

{{quote|Later, during the 1960s the monastery was again obliterated. Nonetheless it has been gradually restored in recent years through the efforts of the present incarnation of Dordrak Rigdzin, who lives in [[Lhasa]], and those of Kelzang Chojor and the local community.<ref name="Dorje 2009, p. 197"/>}}

The book, ''Tibet Overland'' says, "... destroyed again by the [[Red Guards]] in the 1960s. The existing structure was gradually rebuilt and restored from the mid-1980s. Up until the [[Cultural Revolution]] (...) approximately 400 monks studied at Dorje Drak."<ref>{{Cite book|title=Tibet Overland : A Route and Planning Guide for Mountain Bikers and Other Overlanders|last=McConnell|first=Kym|date=2002|publisher=Trailblazer|isbn=1873756410|location=Hindhead, Surrey, UK|pages=87|oclc=56469601|quote=... destroyed again by the Red Guards in the 1960s. The existing structure was gradually rebuilt and restored from the mid-1980s. Up until the Cultural Revolution (...) approximately 400 monks studied at Dorje Drak.}}</ref>

"The monastery specialized in the [[Northern Treasures]] (Tib. བྱང་གཏེར་, changter; Wyl. byang gter) tradition of Rigdzin Gödem".<ref>{{Cite web
| title = Rigdzin Gödem
| work = Rigpa Wiki
| access-date = 2013-10-08
| url = http://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Rigdzin_G%C3%B6dem
}}</ref> It had approximately 200 monks before the Chinese invasion.<ref name="Dorje Drak Monastery" />

=== Former incarnations ===
* Rigdzin Gödemchen Ngodrub Gyeltsen (1337-1409), a treasure revealer of Jangter, the Northern Treasures.<ref name=Lives/><ref name = "throneholders">{{Cite web
| title = Throneholders of Dorje Drak Monastery
| work = Rigpa Wiki
| access-date = 2013-10-08
| url = http://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Throneholders_of_Dorje_Drak_Monastery
}}</ref>
* Lekden Dudjom Dorje (1512-1625), the younger brother of Ngari Panchen Pema Wanggyel, with whom he built Ewan Chogar Gompa that became Dorje Drak.<ref name=Lives>Treasury of Lives, ''The Second Dorje Drak Rigdzin, Lekden Dorje'', https://treasuryoflives.org/incarnation/Dorje-Drak-Rigdzin</ref> He was also the teacher of Changdak Tashi Tobgyal.<ref name = "throneholders"/>

=== Throneholders (Dorje Drak Rigdzin) ===
* Rigdzin Ngakgi Wangpo (1580-1639) <ref>{{Cite encyclopedia
| last = Chhosphel
| first = Samten
| title = The Third Dorje Drak Rigdzin, Ngakgi Wangpo
| encyclopedia = The Treasury of Lives: Biographies of Himalayan Religious Masters
| access-date = 2013-10-08
| date = May 2013
| url = http://www.treasuryoflives.org/biographies/view/Third-Dorje-Drak-Rigdzin-Ngakgi-Wangpo/8975
}}</ref>
* Rigdzin Pema Trinlé (1641-1717) <ref>{{Cite encyclopedia
| last = Chhosphel
| first = Samten
| title = The Fourth Dorje Drak Rigdzin, Pema Trinle
| encyclopedia = The Treasury of Lives: Biographies of Himalayan Religious Masters
| access-date = 2013-10-08
| date = February 2012
| url = http://www.treasuryoflives.org/biographies/view/Pema-Trinle/9169
}}</ref>
* Kalzang Pema Wangchuk (1719/20-1770/71) - born in Chagdud <ref name = "kelzangpemawangchuk"/>
* Kunzang Gyurme Lhundrup Dorje (17th century - 1808?) <ref name = "kunzanggyurmelhundrupdorje"/>
* Ngawang Jampal Mingyur Lhundrup Dorje (1810?/1839-1844?/1861) <ref>{{Cite encyclopedia
| last = Chhosphel
| first = Samten
| title = The Seventh Dorje Drak Rigdzin, Ngawang Jampel Mingyur Lhundrub Dorje
| encyclopedia = The Treasury of Lives: Biographies of Himalayan Religious Masters
| access-date = 2013-10-08
| date = July 2013
| url = http://www.treasuryoflives.org/biographies/view/Ngawang-Jampel-Mingyur-Lhundrub-Dorje/13190
}}</ref>
* Kalzang Pema Wangyal Düdul Dorje (1848-1880)<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia
| last = Chhosphel
| first = Samten
| title = The Eighth Dorje Drak Rigdzin, Kelzang Pema Wanggyel
| encyclopedia = The Treasury of Lives: Biographies of Himalayan Religious Masters
| access-date = 2013-10-08
| date = July 2013
| url = http://www.treasuryoflives.org/biographies/view/Kelzang-Pema-Wanggyel/P8LS12707
}}</ref>
* Thupten Chöwang Nyamnyi Dorje (1884/6-1932/5) <ref name = "throneholders"/>
* Thupten Jikmé Namdrol Gyatso (b. 1936) <ref name = "throneholders"/>

==Dorje Drak Gompa (Jingangsi)==
This monastery at the southern end of the city of [[Kangding]] (Dartsedo) in Eastern Kham ([[Ganzi Prefecture]]) is a branch of the Dorje Drak monastery in Central Tibet. It was destroyed in 1959 before the [[Cultural Revolution]], but the Chanting Hall (the main temple), in which there is a large statue of [[Guru Rinpoche]] (Padmasambhava), and Jokhang have been restored.<ref>Osada, et al, (2004), p. 240.</ref>

==In exile==
As the original monastery was destroyed after the Chinese invaded Tibet, a new monastery was founded by [[Taklung Tsetrul Rinpoche]] in 1984 in [[Shimla]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[India]], modeled after the original Dorje Drak monastery in Tibet. It is called Thupten Dorje Drak Ewam Chogar Chökhor Namgyal Ling.<ref name="Dorje Drak Monastery"/>

The current throneholder is Taklung Tsetrul Rinpoche or H.H. Taglung Kyabgon Tsetrul Thupten Gyaltsen Rinpoche, who also accepted the position of Head of the Nyingma sect on 22 March 2012.<ref>[http://www.tibetonline.tv/videos/1021/22-mar.-2012-tibetonline.tv-news] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309201251/http://www.tibetonline.tv/videos/1021/22-mar.-2012-tibetonline.tv-news |date=2016-03-09 }} in Tibetan</ref><ref>[http://news.palyul.org/2012/03/24/new-supreme-head-of-the-nyingmapa-kyabje-taklung-tsetrul-rinpoche/ New Supreme Head of the Nyingmapa, Kyabjé Taklung Tsetrul Rinpoche]</ref>

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist|2}}

==References==
* [[Alexander Berzin (scholar)|Berzin, Alexander]] (1991, expanded 2003): "[http://studybuddhism.com/web/en/archives/study/history_buddhism/buddhism_tibet/nyngma/brief_history_dorjey-drag_monastery.html A Brief History of Dorjey-drag Monastery.]"
* Dorje (2009): ''Footprint Tibet Handbook''. 4th Edition. Gyurme Dorje, pp. 197–198.
* Dowman (1988): ''The Power-Places of Central Tibet: The Pilgrim's Guide''. Keith Dowman. Routledge & Kegan Paul, london & New York, pp. 205–213.
* Mayhew and Kohn (2005): ''Tibet''. 4th Edition. Bradley Mayhew and Michael Kohn. Lonely Planet, p. 147.
* Osada, et al., (2004). ''Mapping the Tibetan World''. Yukiyasu Osada, Gavin Allwright and Atushi Kanamaru. Kotan Publishing, Tokyo, pp. 97–98, 240.

==External links==

* [http://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Dorje_Drak_Monastery Dorje Drak Monastery], Rigpa Wiki
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121118093808/http://www.colorado.edu/APS/landscapes/tibet/inventory.htm Dorje Drak, Tibetan Monastery Inventory]

{{Buddhist monasteries in Tibet}}

[[Category:Buddhist monasteries in India]]
[[Category:Nyingma monasteries and temples]]

Dorje Drak - Revision history

>Monkbot: Task 18 (cosmetic): eval 9 templates: hyphenate params (8×);