Doctor of Letters - Revision history

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	==France<!--'Doctorat ès lettres' and 'Docteur ès lettres' redirect here-->==		==France<!--'Doctorat ès lettres' and 'Docteur ès lettres' redirect here-->==
	In France the ''[[Doctorate#France\|doctorat]]'' is awarded with a speciality, but there is no official list of these. Candidates for a ''doctorat'' in literature are awarded a '''''Doctorat ès lettres'''''<!--boldface per WP:R#PLA-->, abbreviated '''''Dr ès l'''''<!--boldface per WP:R#PLA-->.		In France the ''[[Doctorate#France\|doctorat]]'' is awarded with a speciality, but there is no official list of these. Candidates for a ''doctorat'' in literature are awarded a '''''Doctorat ès lettres'''''<!--boldface per BP:R#PLA-->, abbreviated '''''Dr ès l'''''<!--boldface per BP:R#PLA-->.

	There is a higher degree, the ''[[Habilitation à diriger des recherches]]'', which is obtained following different rules in each field. In literature, the candidates must also present a new and unpublished work. The habilitation (which is not followed by an indication of the field) allows holders to apply for a position of professor in French universities.		There is a higher degree, the ''[[Habilitation à diriger des recherches]]'', which is obtained following different rules in each field. In literature, the candidates must also present a new and unpublished work. The habilitation (which is not followed by an indication of the field) allows holders to apply for a position of professor in French universities.

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-{{#InterwikiExtract: {{{1|Doctor of Letters}}}
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+'''Doctor of Letters''' ('''D.Litt.''', '''Litt.D.''', '''D.Lit.''', or '''Lit.D.'''; [[Latin]] ''{{lang|la|Litterarum Doctor}}'' or ''{{lang|la|Doctor Litterarum}}'') is a [[terminal degree]] in the humanities that, depending on the country, may be considered equivalent to the [[Doctor of Philosophy]] (Ph.D.) or equal to a [[higher doctorate]], such as the [[Doctor of Science]] (Sc.D. or D.Sc.). It is awarded in many countries by universities and learned bodies in recognition of superior accomplishment in the [[humanities]], original contributions to the creative or cultural arts, or scholarship and other merits. It may be conferred as an [[Academic degree|earned degree]] upon the completion of a regular doctoral course of study, usually including the development and defense of an original [[dissertation]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Catalog: Doctor of Letters (D.Litt.) |url=http://catalog.drew.edu/preview_program.php?catoid=28&poid=1525 |website=Drew University}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Doctor of Letters (Doctorado en Letras) |url=https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=es&tl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fhumanidades.mdp.edu.ar%2Finvestigacionyposgrado%2Fposgrado%2Fdoctoradoenletras%2F |website=Faculdad de Humanidades, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico |url=https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=es&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.posgrado.unam.mx%2Fletras%2F%3Fpage_id%3D12 |website=Program: Masters and Doctorate of Letters (Programa de Maestria y Doctorado en Letras)}}</ref> or may be conferred as an earned [[higher doctorate]] after the submission and academic evaluation of a portfolio of sustained scholarship, publications, research, or other scientific work of the highest caliber.<ref>{{cite web |title=Higher Doctorates |url=https://www.ox.ac.uk/students/academic/higher-doctorates |website=University of Oxford}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=University of Saskatchewan Terms of Reference for the Award Of Doctorate Degrees for Scholarly Work D.Litt. and D.Sc. Degrees |url=https://cgps.usask.ca/documents/earned-degrees.pdf |website=University of Saskatchewan}}</ref>
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+In the United Kingdom, Australia, India, and Ireland, the degree is a [[higher doctorate]], above the [[Doctor of Philosophy]] (Ph.D.) or [[Doctor of Education]] (Ed.D.), for example, and is awarded on the basis of high achievement in the respective field or a long record of research and publication. The D.Litt. degree is awarded to candidates whose record of published work and research shows conspicuous ability and originality and constitutes a distinguished and sustained achievement. University committee and board approval is required, and candidates must provide documented mastery{{clarify|date=July 2020}} of a particular area or field. The degree may also be awarded [[honorary degree|''honoris causa'']] to such individuals as the awarding institution deems worthy of this highest academic award.

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[[Image:Mark Twain DLitt.jpg|right|thumb|180px|{{center|[[Samuel Clemens]] (Mark Twain), wearing the full-dress gown of an [[University of Oxford|Oxford]] DLitt. He was awarded an honorary doctorate in letters in 1907}}]] {{#InterwikiExtract: {{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}
'''Doctor of Letters''' ({{lang-la|Litterarum doctor}}; '''D.Litt.'''; '''Litt.D.'''; '''D. Lit.'''; or '''Lit. D.''') is an [[academic degree]]. It is a higher [[doctorate]] which, in some [[countries]], may be considered to be beyond the [[Ph.D.]] and equal to the [[Doctor of Science]] (Sc.D. or D.Sc.). It is [[wikt:award|award]]ed in many countries by [[universities]] and [[wikt:learned|learned]] bodies. It is given in recognition of achievement in the [[humanities]], original contribution to the [[creative arts]] or [[wikt:scholarship|scholarship]] and other merits. [[Cambridge University]] requires a candidate to "give proof of distinction by some original contribution to the advancement of science or of learning."<ref>University of Cambridge, ''Statutes and Ordinances of the University of Cambridge 2009'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009), p. 535</ref> When awarded without an application by the conferee, it is awarded as an [[honorary degree]]. A Doctor of Letters is a commonly awarded honorary degree.<ref>James J. F. Forest; Kevin Kinser, ''Higher Education in the United States'' (Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2002), p. 335</ref> |wiki = wikipedia
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== References == |intro = true
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[[Category:Education]] 
[[Category:Academia]]



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[[Image:Mark Twain DLitt.jpg|right|thumb|180px|{{center|[[Samuel Clemens]] (Mark Twain), wearing the full-dress gown of an [[University of Oxford|Oxford]] DLitt. He was awarded an honorary doctorate in letters in 1907}}]]

'''Doctor of Letters''' ({{lang-la|Litterarum doctor}}; '''D.Litt.'''; '''Litt.D.'''; '''D. Lit.'''; or '''Lit. D.''') is an [[academic degree]]. It is a higher [[doctorate]] which, in some [[countries]], may be considered to be beyond the [[Ph.D.]] and equal to the [[Doctor of Science]] (Sc.D. or D.Sc.). It is [[wikt:award|award]]ed in many countries by [[universities]] and [[wikt:learned|learned]] bodies. It is given in recognition of achievement in the [[humanities]], original contribution to the [[creative arts]] or [[wikt:scholarship|scholarship]] and other merits. [[Cambridge University]] requires a candidate to "give proof of distinction by some original contribution to the advancement of science or of learning."<ref>University of Cambridge, ''Statutes and Ordinances of the University of Cambridge 2009'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009), p. 535</ref> When awarded without an application by the conferee, it is awarded as an [[honorary degree]]. A Doctor of Letters is a commonly awarded honorary degree.<ref>James J. F. Forest; Kevin Kinser, ''Higher Education in the United States'' (Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2002), p. 335</ref>



== References ==

{{reflist}}



{{stub}}



[[Category:Education]]

[[Category:Academia]]

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	~~[[Image~~:~~Mark Twain DLitt.jpg\|right\|thumb\|180px~~\|{{~~center\|[[Samuel Clemens]] (Mark Twain), wearing the full-dress gown of an [[University of Oxford\|Oxford]] DLitt. He was awarded an honorary doctorate in letters in 1907~~}}]]		{{#InterwikiExtract: {{{1\|{{PAGENAME}}}}}
	~~'''Doctor of Letters''' ({{lang-la\|Litterarum doctor~~}}; '''D.Litt.'''; '''Litt.D.'''; '''D. Lit.'''; or '''Lit. D.''') is an [[academic degree]]. It is a higher [[doctorate]] which, in some [[countries]], may be considered to be beyond the [[Ph.D.]] and equal to the [[Doctor of Science]] (Sc.D. or D.Sc.). It is [[wikt:award\|~~award]]ed in many countries by [[universities]] and [[wikt:learned~~\|~~learned]] bodies. It is given in recognition of achievement in the [[humanities]], original contribution to the [[creative arts]] or [[wikt:scholarship~~\|~~scholarship]] and other merits. [[Cambridge University]] requires a candidate to~~ "~~give proof of distinction by some original contribution to the advancement of science or of learning.~~"<~~ref~~>~~University of Cambridge, ''Statutes and Ordinances of the University of Cambridge 2009'' (Cambridge~~: ~~Cambridge University Press, 2009), p. 535<~~/~~ref> When awarded without an application by the conferee, it is awarded as an [[honorary degree]]~~. ~~A Doctor of Letters is a commonly awarded honorary degree~~.~~<ref>James J. F. Forest; Kevin Kinser, ''Higher Education in the United States'' (Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2002), p. 335<~~/~~ref>~~		\|wiki = wikipedia
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	~~== References ==~~		\|intro = true
	{{~~reflist~~}}		}}
			<div style="text-align: right;"><code>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/{{{1\|{{PAGENAME}}}}} from Wikipedia]</code></div>
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	~~[[Category:Education]]~~
	~~[[Category:Academia]~~]

Doctor of Letters - Revision history

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