Diwali - Revision history

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	===Economics===		===Economics===
	Diwali marks a major shopping period in India,<ref name="wsj" /> and is comparable to the Christmas period in terms of consumer purchases and economic activity.{{sfn\|Klostermaier\|2014\|p=59}} It is traditionally a time when households purchase new clothing, home refurbishments, gifts, gold, jewelry,<ref>[http://www.bullionstreet.com/news/festive-season-to-boost-india-gold-buying/145 Festive season to boost India gold buying] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207104526/http://www.bullionstreet.com/news/festive-season-to-boost-india-gold-buying/145 \|date=7 December 2013 }} Bullion Street (15 October 2013)</ref><ref>[http://www.gold.org/jewellery/markets/india/ Gold, Key markets: India] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207084755/http://www.gold.org/jewellery/markets/india/ \|date=7 December 2013 }} World Gold Council (2013)</ref> and other large purchases particularly as the festival is dedicated to Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth and prosperity, and such purchases are considered auspicious.<ref>[http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/937525dc-e33f-11df-97db-00144feabdc0.html India's banks face pre-Diwali cash crunch] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220110121010/https://www.ft.com/content/937525dc-e33f-11df-97db-00144feabdc0 \|date=10 January 2022 }} James Lamont, ''The Financial Times'' (29 October 2010)</ref><ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/business/story/festive-season-consumer-spending-slowing-economy-inflation-retailers-216207-2013-10-31 Diwali lights up consumer spending, festive spirit beats inflation] M.G. Arun, India Today (1 November 2013)</ref> According to Rao, Diwali is one of the major festivals where rural Indians spend a significant portion of their annual income, and is a means for them to renew their relationships and social networks.{{sfn\|Rao\|2001\|pp=71–95}}		Diwali marks a major shopping period in India,<ref name="wsj" /> and is comparable to the Christmas period in terms of consumer purchases and economic activity.{{sfn\|Klostermaier\|2014\|p=59}} It is traditionally a time when households purchase new clothing, home refurbishments, gifts, gold, jewelry,<ref>[http://www.bullionstreet.com/news/festive-season-to-boost-india-gold-buying/145 Festive season to boost India gold buying] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207104526/http://www.bullionstreet.com/news/festive-season-to-boost-india-gold-buying/145 \|date=7 December 2013 }} Bullion Street (15 October 2013)</ref><ref>[http://www.gold.org/jewellery/markets/india/ Gold, Key markets: India] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207084755/http://www.gold.org/jewellery/markets/india/ \|date=7 December 2013 }} World Gold Council (2013)</ref> and other large purchases particularly as the festival is dedicated to Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth and prosperity, and such purchases are considered auspicious.<ref>[http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/937525dc-e33f-11df-97db-00144feabdc0.html India's banks face pre-Diwali cash crunch] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220110121010/https://www.ft.com/content/937525dc-e33f-11df-97db-00144feabdc0 \|date=10 January 2022 }} James Lamont, ''The Financial Times'' (29 October 2010)</ref><ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/business/story/festive-season-consumer-spending-slowing-economy-inflation-retailers-216207-2013-10-31 Diwali lights up consumer spending, festive spirit beats inflation] M.G. Arun, India Today (1 November 2013)</ref> According to Rao, Diwali is one of the major festivals where rural Indians spend a significant portion of their annual income, and is a means for them to renew their relationships and social networks.{{sfn\|Rao\|2001\|pp=71–95}}

	~~{{Wikinews\|Indian Markets hits record close in Diwali trade}}~~

	Other goods that are bought in substantial quantities during Diwali include confectionery and fireworks. In 2013, about {{INRConvert\|25\|b}} of fireworks were sold to merchants for the Diwali season, an equivalent retail value of about {{INRConvert\|50\|b}} according to ''The Times of India''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131028060716/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-10-24/india/43361997_1_firecrackers-tamil-nadu-fireworks-diwali Firecrackers to cost a bomb this Diwali] ''The Times of India'' (24 October 2013)</ref>{{efn\|A 2017 estimate states 50,000 tons (100 million pounds) of fireworks are exploded annually in India over the Diwali festival.<ref>[https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2017/10/17/558067395/fear-of-toxic-smog-leads-india-to-limit-diwali-fireworks Fear Of Toxic Smog Leads India To Limit Diwali Fireworks] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822113355/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2017/10/17/558067395/fear-of-toxic-smog-leads-india-to-limit-diwali-fireworks \|date=22 August 2018 }}, NPR (17 October 2017)</ref> As a comparison, Americans explode 134,000 tons (268 million pounds) of fireworks for 4 July celebrations in the United States.<ref>[http://fortune.com/2018/06/29/july-4th-fireworks-billion-dollar-burn-injuries/ Firework Facts: Americans Incinerate $1 Billion in July Fourth Fireworks Every Year] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822113406/http://fortune.com/2018/06/29/july-4th-fireworks-billion-dollar-burn-injuries/ \|date=22 August 2018 }}, Fortune (29 June 2018)</ref>}} [[ASSOCHAM]], a trade organisation in India, forecasted that online shopping alone to be over {{INRConvert\|300\|b}} over the 2017 Diwali season.<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/online-sales-may-surpass-rs-30000-crore-in-festive-month-assocham/articleshow/61035441.cms Oneline sales may surpass Rs 30000 crores in festive months] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828055348/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/online-sales-may-surpass-rs-30000-crore-in-festive-month-assocham/articleshow/61035441.cms \|date=28 August 2018 }} The Times of India (11 October 2017)</ref> About two-thirds of Indian households, according to the ASSOCHAM forecast, would spend between {{INRConvert\|5000}} and {{INRConvert\|10000}} to celebrate Diwali in 2017.<ref>[http://www.assocham.org/newsdetail.php?id=6536 Average family to spend Rs. 10,000 on this Diwali: ASSOCHAM survey] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820005805/http://www.assocham.org/newsdetail.php?id=6536 \|date=20 August 2018 }}, ASSOCHAM (17 October 2017); Tarandip Kaur (2017), [https://www.forbes.com/sites/tarandipkaur/2017/10/18/festival-of-lights-all-you-need-to-know-about-diwali/ "Festival of Lights: All You Need to Know About Diwali"] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180819214317/https://www.forbes.com/sites/tarandipkaur/2017/10/18/festival-of-lights-all-you-need-to-know-about-diwali/ \|date=19 August 2018 }}, ''Forbes'' (18 October 2017)</ref> Stock markets like NSE and BSE in India are typically closed during Diwali, with the exception of a Diwali Muhurat trading session for an hour in the evening to coincide with the beginning of the new year.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=DNA Explainer: What is Diwali Muhurat Trading and why it is best time to invest in stocks \|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-dna-explainer-what-is-diwali-muhurat-trading-and-why-it-is-best-time-to-invest-in-stocks-2918360 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105092714/https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-dna-explainer-what-is-diwali-muhurat-trading-and-why-it-is-best-time-to-invest-in-stocks-2918360 \|archive-date=5 November 2021 \|access-date=2021-11-05 \|website=DNA India \|language=en}}</ref> In 2020, the INDF ETF was launched to mark the start of Diwali.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=2020-11-12 \|title=NextFins Celebrates Diwali With the Launch of INDF \|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20201112005141/en/NextFins-Celebrates-Diwali-With-the-Launch-of-INDF \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112204731/https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20201112005141/en/NextFins-Celebrates-Diwali-With-the-Launch-of-INDF \|archive-date=12 November 2020 \|access-date=2020-11-12 \|website=businesswire.com \|language=en}}</ref>		Other goods that are bought in substantial quantities during Diwali include confectionery and fireworks. In 2013, about {{INRConvert\|25\|b}} of fireworks were sold to merchants for the Diwali season, an equivalent retail value of about {{INRConvert\|50\|b}} according to ''The Times of India''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131028060716/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-10-24/india/43361997_1_firecrackers-tamil-nadu-fireworks-diwali Firecrackers to cost a bomb this Diwali] ''The Times of India'' (24 October 2013)</ref>{{efn\|A 2017 estimate states 50,000 tons (100 million pounds) of fireworks are exploded annually in India over the Diwali festival.<ref>[https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2017/10/17/558067395/fear-of-toxic-smog-leads-india-to-limit-diwali-fireworks Fear Of Toxic Smog Leads India To Limit Diwali Fireworks] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822113355/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2017/10/17/558067395/fear-of-toxic-smog-leads-india-to-limit-diwali-fireworks \|date=22 August 2018 }}, NPR (17 October 2017)</ref> As a comparison, Americans explode 134,000 tons (268 million pounds) of fireworks for 4 July celebrations in the United States.<ref>[http://fortune.com/2018/06/29/july-4th-fireworks-billion-dollar-burn-injuries/ Firework Facts: Americans Incinerate $1 Billion in July Fourth Fireworks Every Year] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822113406/http://fortune.com/2018/06/29/july-4th-fireworks-billion-dollar-burn-injuries/ \|date=22 August 2018 }}, Fortune (29 June 2018)</ref>}} [[ASSOCHAM]], a trade organisation in India, forecasted that online shopping alone to be over {{INRConvert\|300\|b}} over the 2017 Diwali season.<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/online-sales-may-surpass-rs-30000-crore-in-festive-month-assocham/articleshow/61035441.cms Oneline sales may surpass Rs 30000 crores in festive months] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828055348/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/online-sales-may-surpass-rs-30000-crore-in-festive-month-assocham/articleshow/61035441.cms \|date=28 August 2018 }} The Times of India (11 October 2017)</ref> About two-thirds of Indian households, according to the ASSOCHAM forecast, would spend between {{INRConvert\|5000}} and {{INRConvert\|10000}} to celebrate Diwali in 2017.<ref>[http://www.assocham.org/newsdetail.php?id=6536 Average family to spend Rs. 10,000 on this Diwali: ASSOCHAM survey] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820005805/http://www.assocham.org/newsdetail.php?id=6536 \|date=20 August 2018 }}, ASSOCHAM (17 October 2017); Tarandip Kaur (2017), [https://www.forbes.com/sites/tarandipkaur/2017/10/18/festival-of-lights-all-you-need-to-know-about-diwali/ "Festival of Lights: All You Need to Know About Diwali"] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180819214317/https://www.forbes.com/sites/tarandipkaur/2017/10/18/festival-of-lights-all-you-need-to-know-about-diwali/ \|date=19 August 2018 }}, ''Forbes'' (18 October 2017)</ref> Stock markets like NSE and BSE in India are typically closed during Diwali, with the exception of a Diwali Muhurat trading session for an hour in the evening to coincide with the beginning of the new year.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=DNA Explainer: What is Diwali Muhurat Trading and why it is best time to invest in stocks \|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-dna-explainer-what-is-diwali-muhurat-trading-and-why-it-is-best-time-to-invest-in-stocks-2918360 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105092714/https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-dna-explainer-what-is-diwali-muhurat-trading-and-why-it-is-best-time-to-invest-in-stocks-2918360 \|archive-date=5 November 2021 \|access-date=2021-11-05 \|website=DNA India \|language=en}}</ref> In 2020, the INDF ETF was launched to mark the start of Diwali.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=2020-11-12 \|title=NextFins Celebrates Diwali With the Launch of INDF \|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20201112005141/en/NextFins-Celebrates-Diwali-With-the-Launch-of-INDF \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112204731/https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20201112005141/en/NextFins-Celebrates-Diwali-With-the-Launch-of-INDF \|archive-date=12 November 2020 \|access-date=2020-11-12 \|website=businesswire.com \|language=en}}</ref>

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SonOfZeus at 13:29, 4 August 2021

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	== References ==		== References ==
	<references />		<references />
			{{simple-Wikipedia}}

	== Other websites ==		== Other websites ==
	{{commons category\|Dipavali}}		{{commons category\|Dipavali}}

SonOfZeus at 13:28, 4 August 2021

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	\|relatedto = [[Kali Puja]], [[Diwali (Jainism)]], [[Bandi Chhor Divas]]		\|relatedto = [[Kali Puja]], [[Diwali (Jainism)]], [[Bandi Chhor Divas]]
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	'''Diwali''' (also: '''Deepawali''') is one of [[India]]'s biggest [[festival]]s. The word 'Deepawali' means rows of lighted lamps. It is a Festival of Lights and Hindus celebrate it with joy. During this festival, people light up their [[house]]s and [[shop]]s with [[Diyas]] (small cup-shaped oil lamp made of baked clay). They worship the Lord [[Ganesha]] for welfare and prosperity and Goddess [[Lakshmi]] for wealth and wisdom.		'''Diwali''' (also: '''Deepawali''') is one of [[India]]'s biggest [[festival]]s. The word 'Deepawali' means rows of lighted lamps. It is a Festival of Lights and Hindus celebrate it with joy. During this festival, people light up their [[house]]s and [[shop]]s with [[Diyas]] (small cup-shaped oil lamp made of baked clay). They worship the Lord [[Ganesha]] for welfare and prosperity and Goddess [[Lakshmi]] for wealth and wisdom.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Diwali-Hindu-festival</ref>

	This festival is celebrated in the [[Hindu calendar\|Hindu month]] of Kartikamasam which falls sometime during October or November. It is celebrated to mark the return of Lord [[Rama]] after 14 years of [[exile]] and his victory over the Demon [[Ravana]]. In many parts of India, Deepawali is celebrated for five consecutive days. Hindus regard it as a celebration of life and use the occasion to strengthen relationships. In some parts of India, it marks the beginning of a new year. People clean and decorate their house before the festival. They do colorful rangoli art works on floors.		This festival is celebrated in the [[Hindu calendar\|Hindu month]] of Kartikamasam which falls sometime during October or November. It is celebrated to mark the return of Lord [[Rama]] after 14 years of [[exile]] and his victory over the Demon [[Ravana]]. In many parts of India, Deepawali is celebrated for five consecutive days. Hindus regard it as a celebration of life and use the occasion to strengthen relationships. In some parts of India, it marks the beginning of a new year. People clean and decorate their house before the festival. They do colorful rangoli art works on floors.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Diwali-Hindu-festival</ref>

	Deepawali is celebrated and is a public holiday in countries such as [[Nepal]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Singapore]], [[Malaysia]], [[Mauritius]], [[Fiji]], [[Suriname]], [[Guyana]], [[Trinidad and Tobago]]. It is also a school holiday in many states of the [[United States]] with a large [[Hindu]] population.		Deepawali is celebrated and is a public holiday in countries such as [[Nepal]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Singapore]], [[Malaysia]], [[Mauritius]], [[Fiji]], [[Suriname]], [[Guyana]], [[Trinidad and Tobago]]. It is also a school holiday in many states of the [[United States]] with a large [[Hindu]] population.
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	[[File:Mata Mandir.jpg\|thumb\|left\|275px\|Mandir (Temple) decorated with lights during Diwali]]		[[File:Mata Mandir.jpg\|thumb\|left\|275px\|Mandir (Temple) decorated with lights during Diwali]]

	Hindus light up their homes and shops to welcome the Goddess Lakshmi and to give them good luck for the year ahead. A few days before Ravtegh, which is the day before Deepavali, houses, buildings, shops and temples are thoroughly cleaned, [[whitewash]]ed and decorated with pictures, toys and flowers. On the day of Deepawali, people put on their best clothes and exchange greetings, gifts and sweets with their friends and family.		Hindus light up their homes and shops to welcome the Goddess Lakshmi and to give them good luck for the year ahead. A few days before Ravtegh, which is the day before Deepavali, houses, buildings, shops and temples are thoroughly cleaned, [[whitewash]]ed and decorated with pictures, toys and flowers. On the day of Deepawali, people put on their best clothes and exchange greetings, gifts and sweets with their friends and family.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Diwali-Hindu-festival</ref>

	At night, buildings are illuminated with earthen lamps, candle-sticks and electric bulbs. Sweets and toy shop are decorated to attract the passers-by. The bazaars and streets are overcrowded. People buy sweets for their own families and also send them as presents to their friends and relatives. The Goddess Lakshmi is also worshiped in the form of earthen images, silver rupee. Hindus believe that on this day, Lakshmi only enters houses which are neat and tidy. People offer prayers for their own health, wealth and prosperity. They leave the light on in buildings believing that Lakshmi will not have difficulty in finding her way in.		At night, buildings are illuminated with earthen lamps, candle-sticks and electric bulbs. Sweets and toy shop are decorated to attract the passers-by. The bazaars and streets are overcrowded. People buy sweets for their own families and also send them as presents to their friends and relatives. The Goddess Lakshmi is also worshiped in the form of earthen images, silver rupee. Hindus believe that on this day, Lakshmi only enters houses which are neat and tidy. People offer prayers for their own health, wealth and prosperity. They leave the light on in buildings believing that Lakshmi will not have difficulty in finding her way in.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Diwali-Hindu-festival</ref>

	Diwali is one of the most important festival of the Hindus.It is also known as deepawali or the festival of lights. It comes on Amavasya day in the month of kartik. Both rich and poor wear new clothes on this day. Lots of sweets are made. People light diyas and burn crackers. They ex- change greetings and sweets. Goddess Laxmi is worshipped on this day.		Diwali is one of the most important festival of the Hindus.It is also known as deepawali or the festival of lights. It comes on Amavasya day in the month of kartik. Both rich and poor wear new clothes on this day. Lots of sweets are made. People light diyas and burn crackers. They ex- change greetings and sweets. Goddess Laxmi is worshipped on this day.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Diwali-Hindu-festival</ref>

	== References ==		== References ==

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	{{Redirect2\|Deepawali\|Dipawali\|other uses\|Deepavali (disambiguation)}}		{{Redirect2\|Deepawali\|Dipawali\|other uses\|Deepavali (disambiguation)}}
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