Directional Infrared Counter Measures - Revision history

SureshAcharya: basic rework intro to improve readability and updated info

2025-11-21T01:41:43Z

basic rework intro to improve readability and updated info

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:11, 21 November 2025
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	~~{{More citations needed\|date=April 2020}}~~

	{{short description\|System to protect aircraft from heat seeking portable missiles}}		{{short description\|System to protect aircraft from heat seeking portable missiles}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=~~February 2018~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=January 2025}}

	[[File:C-17 missile countermeasures laser turret.jpg\|thumb\|Northrop Grumman AN/AAQ-24 DIRCM]]		[[File:C-17 missile countermeasures laser turret.jpg\|thumb\|Northrop Grumman AN/AAQ-24 DIRCM]]

	'''Directional Infrared Counter Measures''' ('''DIRCM''') are a class of [[anti-missile]] systems produced to protect [[aircraft]] from [[infrared homing]] missiles, primarily [[Man-portable air-defense system\|MANPADS]] and similar simple systems.		'''Directional Infrared Counter Measures''' ('''DIRCM''') are a class of [[anti-missile]] systems produced to protect [[aircraft]] from [[infrared homing]] missiles, primarily [[Man-portable air-defense system\|MANPADS]] and similar simple systems.

	Earlier [[infrared countermeasures]] like [[flare]]s or hot block systems that produce random flashes of IR light are semi- or ~~unidirectional~~. This results in the missile seeker receiving relatively little IR energy due to the [[inverse square law]]. DIRCM systems instead aim their IR output directly at the missile using some source of tracking information and a trainable emitter. This allows a relatively small device to overwhelm the missile seeker by focusing all of its output on it.		Earlier [[infrared countermeasures]] like [[flare]]s or hot block systems that produce random flashes of IR light are semi- or omnidirectional. This results in the missile seeker receiving relatively little IR energy due to the [[inverse square law]]. DIRCM systems instead aim their IR output directly at the missile using some source of tracking information and a trainable emitter. This allows a relatively small device to overwhelm the missile seeker by focusing all of its output on it.

	Examples are produced by many aerospace companies, such as [[Leonardo S.p.A.]], [[Elbit Systems]], [[Northrop Grumman]], [[ITT Corporation]], and [[BAE Systems]]. A Russian example is the 101KS-O.		Examples are produced by many aerospace companies, such as
			[[Aselsan]], [[Leonardo S.p.A.]], [[Elbit Systems]], [[Northrop Grumman]], [[ITT Corporation]], and [[BAE Systems]]. A Russian example is the 101KS-O.

	==Method of operation==		==Method of operation==
	<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:101 KS-O DIRCM for Su-57.jpg\|thumb\|Russian 101 KS-O DIRCM for [[Sukhoi Su-57\|Su-57]]]] -->		<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:101 KS-O DIRCM for Su-57.jpg\|thumb\|Russian 101 KS-O DIRCM for [[Sukhoi Su-57\|Su-57]]]] -->
	The systems use an effective method of jamming [[infrared homing\|infrared missile]] seekers through the sensor aperture and can be placed in either active or standby mode. In the standby mode, the [[aircrew]] must select the active mode to begin jamming [[infrared]] (IR) threats. The pulsing flashes of IR energy confuse the missile guidance system, preventing the tracking of the target aircraft.		The systems use an effective method of jamming [[infrared homing\|infrared missile]] seekers through the sensor aperture and can be placed in either active or standby mode. In the standby mode, the [[aircrew]] must select the active mode to begin jamming [[infrared]] (IR) threats. The pulsing flashes of IR energy confuse the missile guidance system, preventing the tracking of the target aircraft.{{fact\|date=October 2025}}

	== Systems ==		== Systems ==

	===AN/AAQ-24 Nemesis===		===AN/AAQ-24 Nemesis===
	The AN/AAQ-24 system is a directional infrared countermeasure (DIRCM) system. It consists of a missile warning system ([[AN/AAR-54]]), an integration unit, a processor, and laser turrets (Small Laser Transmitter Assembly, SLTA). Early versions of this system used an arc lamp to generate the jammer [[signal]]. The newer versions of this system ~~produced~~ by [[Northrop Grumman]] use diode-based ~~pump~~ systems ~~and are~~ known by the name GUARDIAN. These systems are intended for potential fitting to commercial carriers pending the completion of multiple tests on the viability of such options.		The AN/AAQ-24 system is a directional infrared countermeasure (DIRCM) system. It consists of a missile warning system ([[AN/AAR-54]]), an integration unit, a processor, and laser turrets (Small Laser Transmitter Assembly, SLTA). Early versions of this system used an [[arc lamp]] to generate the jammer [[signal]]. The newer versions of this system manufactured by [[Northrop Grumman]] use diode-based [[laser pumping]] systems known by the name GUARDIAN. These systems are intended for potential fitting to commercial carriers pending the completion of multiple tests on the viability of such options.{{fact\|date=October 2025}}

	The AN/AAQ-24 system is installed in the [[Northrop Grumman Guardian]] system marketed for commercial aircraft.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://investor.northropgrumman.com/news-releases/news-release-details/northrop-grumman-completes-design-commercial-aircraft-protection\|title=Northrop Grumman Completes Design of Commercial Aircraft Protection System\|website=Northrop Grumman\|language=en\|access-date=2020-04-17}}</ref> The system will be installed by 2025<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://militaryleak.com/2019/01/05/northrop-grumman-receives-3-6-billion-contract-for-large-aircraft-infrared-countermeasure-systems/\|title=Northrop Grumman receives $3.6 Billion contract for Large Aircraft Infrared Countermeasure systems~~\|last=admin~~\|date=2019-01-05\|website=MilitaryLeak\|language=en-US\|access-date=2020-04-17}}</ref> on [[C-17 Globemaster III]], [[MC-130]], CV-22, and the [[CH-53E Super Stallion]].		The AN/AAQ-24 system is installed in the [[Northrop Grumman Guardian]] system marketed for commercial aircraft.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://investor.northropgrumman.com/news-releases/news-release-details/northrop-grumman-completes-design-commercial-aircraft-protection\|title=Northrop Grumman Completes Design of Commercial Aircraft Protection System\|website=Northrop Grumman\|language=en\|access-date=2020-04-17}}</ref> The system will be installed by 2025<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://militaryleak.com/2019/01/05/northrop-grumman-receives-3-6-billion-contract-for-large-aircraft-infrared-countermeasure-systems/\|title=Northrop Grumman receives $3.6 Billion contract for Large Aircraft Infrared Countermeasure systems\|date=2019-01-05\|website=MilitaryLeak\|language=en-US\|access-date=2020-04-17}}</ref> on [[C-17 Globemaster III]], [[MC-130]], [[CV-22 Osprey]], and the [[CH-53E Super Stallion]]. In 2010, the US [[Defense Security Cooperation Agency]] announced to [[United States Congress\|Congress]] a possible sale to Canada of eight AN/AAQ-24(V) DIRCMs including equipment and services for a total value of up to US$72 million.<ref name=dcsa>{{Cite press release\|url= https://www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/canada-anaaq-24v-directional-infrared-countermeasure-systems \|title= Canada – AN/AAQ-24(V) Directional Infrared Countermeasure Systems \|first1= Charles \|last1= Taylor \|first2= Paul \|last2= Ebner \|publisher=Defense Security Cooperation Agency \|date= 15 September 2010 \|access-date=2024-12-12 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210328094741/https://www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/canada-anaaq-24v-directional-infrared-countermeasure-systems \|archive-date=2021-03-28}}</ref> Other material and services would include publications and technical documentation, personnel training and training equipment, U.S. Government (USG) and contractor engineering, technical and logistics support services.<ref name=dcsa />

	[[Large Aircraft Infrared Counter-Measure]] system (LAIRCM) was a [[US military\|US Military]] requirement for protecting its large aircraft from infrared-guided missiles.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/systems/laircm.htm\|title=Large Aircraft Infrared Countermeasures (LAIRCM)\|last=\|first=\|date=\|website=Global Security\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011118050507/http://www.globalsecurity.org:80/military/systems/aircraft/systems/laircm.htm \|archive-date=18 November 2001 \|access-date=13 April 2020}}</ref> The AN/AAQ-24 Nemesis system was produced to serve this requirement.		[[Large Aircraft Infrared Counter-Measure]] system (LAIRCM) was a [[US military\|US Military]] requirement for protecting its large aircraft from infrared-guided missiles. The AN/AAQ-24 Nemesis system was produced to serve this requirement.{{fact\|date=October 2025}}

	LAIRCM-Lite is a C-17 program that uses a combination of laser jamming DIRCM and flares due to the limited availability of LAIRCM components.		LAIRCM-Lite is a C-17 program that uses a combination of laser jamming DIRCM and flares due to the limited availability of LAIRCM components.{{fact\|date=October 2025}}

	===101KS-O ===		===101KS-O===
	The 101KS-O is a DIRCM system mounted on the [[Sukhoi Su-57]] fighter jet. It has sensors that are placed in turrets, which are mounted on two points: the dorsal spine and the forward fuselage under the cockpit. It uses [[Modulation\|modulated]] laser-based countermeasures to confuse or destroy incoming missiles' tracking mechanisms.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=https://globaldefencewatch.com/sukhoi-57s-targetting-pod-101ks-n-spotted/ \|title=Sukhoi-~~57’s~~ Targetting Pod 101KS-N Spotted \|website=Global Defence Watch ~~\|access-date=~~ \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203163824/https://globaldefencewatch.com/sukhoi-57s-targetting-pod-101ks-n-spotted/ \|archive-date=3 December 2018 \|url-status=dead}}</ref> The 101KS-O is the first DIRCM that is deployed on any fighter aircraft.<ref name="Su-57 Next Generation">{{cite web \|last1=Tahar \|first1=Abraham Ait \|title=Russia’s Su-57 Next Generation Fighter Shoots Lasers to Blind Enemy Missiles - A Look at the Directional Infrared Countermeasures System \|url=https://militarywatchmagazine.com/article/russia-s-su-57-next-generation-fighter-shoots-lasers-to-blind-enemy-missiles-a-look-at-the-directional-infrared-countermeasures-system \|website=Military Watch Magazine \|date=1 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|last1=Rogoway \|first1=Tyler \|title=No, The Su-57 Isn't 'Junk:' Six Features We like On Russia's New Fighter \|url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/20434/no-the-su-57-isnt-junk-six-features-we-like-on-russias-new-fighter \|website=The Drive \|date=April ~~30,~~ 2018}}</ref>		The 101KS-O is a DIRCM system mounted on the [[Sukhoi Su-57]] fighter jet. It has sensors that are placed in turrets, which are mounted on two points: the dorsal spine and the forward fuselage under the cockpit. It uses [[Modulation\|modulated]] laser-based countermeasures to confuse or destroy incoming missiles' tracking mechanisms.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=https://globaldefencewatch.com/sukhoi-57s-targetting-pod-101ks-n-spotted/ \|title=Sukhoi-57's Targetting Pod 101KS-N Spotted \|website=Global Defence Watch \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203163824/https://globaldefencewatch.com/sukhoi-57s-targetting-pod-101ks-n-spotted/ \|archive-date=3 December 2018 \|url-status=dead}}</ref> The 101KS-O is the first DIRCM that is deployed on any fighter aircraft.<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Rogoway \|first1=Tyler \|title=No, The Su-57 Isn't 'Junk:' Six Features We like on Russia's New Fighter \|url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/20434/no-the-su-57-isnt-junk-six-features-we-like-on-russias-new-fighter \|website=The Drive \|date=30 April 2018}}</ref>

	==See also==		==See also==
	* [[AN/ALQ-144~~]] – Infrared guided-missile countermeasure system~~		{{Portal\|United States\|Electronics\|Aviation}}
	* [[Civil Aircraft Missile Protection System]]		* {{annotated link\|AN/ALQ-144}}
	* [[Common Infrared Countermeasures program]]		* {{annotated link\|YILDIRIM 100}}
	* [[Flight Guard]]		* {{annotated link\|Civil Aircraft Missile Protection System}}
	* [[Infrared countermeasure]], first type of countermeasures		* {{annotated link\|Common Infrared Countermeasures program}}
	* [[Missile approach warning system]]		* {{annotated link\|Flight Guard}}
	* [[~~Northrop Grumman Guardian~~]]		* {{annotated link\|Missile approach warning system}}
			* [[List of military electronics of the United States]]

	==References==		==References==
	{{Reflist}}		{{Reflist}}
	* [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/systems/an-aaq-24.htm Global Security]		<!-- Removed the following citation as it is considered an unreliable source per [[WP:GLOBALSECURITY]]. Leaving the citation here in case someone can find a similar document from a reliable source.
	* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100623063857/http://es.itt.com/microsite/2/index.html ~~GOES-15~~]		<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/systems/laircm.htm\|title=Large Aircraft Infrared Countermeasures (LAIRCM)\|publisher=GlobalSecurity.org\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011118050507/http://www.globalsecurity.org:80/military/systems/aircraft/systems/laircm.htm \|archive-date=18 November 2001 \|access-date=13 April 2020}}</ref>
			-->
			==External links==
			{{Commons category\|AN/AAQ-24}}
			*[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/systems/an-aaq-24.htm Global Security – AN/AAQ-24]
			*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100623063857/http://es.itt.com/microsite/2/index.html ITT – Infrared Countermeasures (IRCM)]

	~~==External links==~~		{{Electronic warfare navbox}}
	*[https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/systems/an-aaq-24.htm]

	[[Category:Infrared imaging]]		[[Category:Infrared imaging]]
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	[[Category:Military electronics of the United States]]		[[Category:Military electronics of the United States]]
	[[Category:Northrop Grumman]]		[[Category:Northrop Grumman]]
			[[Category:Electronic countermeasures]]
			[[Category:Electronic warfare]]

Muskit Gergous at 13:00, 21 February 2023

2023-02-21T13:00:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:30, 21 February 2023
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	'''Directional Infrared Counter Measures''' ('''DIRCM''') are a class of [[anti-missile]] systems produced to protect [[aircraft]] from [[infrared homing]] missiles, primarily [[Man-portable air-defense system\|MANPADS]] and similar simple systems.		'''Directional Infrared Counter Measures''' ('''DIRCM''') are a class of [[anti-missile]] systems produced to protect [[aircraft]] from [[infrared homing]] missiles, primarily [[Man-portable air-defense system\|MANPADS]] and similar simple systems.

	Earlier [[infrared countermeasures]] like [[flare]]s or hot block systems that produce random flashes of IR light are semi- or ~~omnidirectional~~. This results in the missile seeker receiving relatively little IR energy due to the [[inverse square law]]. DIRCM systems instead aim their IR output directly at the missile using some source of tracking information and a trainable emitter. This allows a relatively small device to overwhelm the missile seeker by focusing all of its output on it.		Earlier [[infrared countermeasures]] like [[flare]]s or hot block systems that produce random flashes of IR light are semi- or unidirectional. This results in the missile seeker receiving relatively little IR energy due to the [[inverse square law]]. DIRCM systems instead aim their IR output directly at the missile using some source of tracking information and a trainable emitter. This allows a relatively small device to overwhelm the missile seeker by focusing all of its output on it.

	Examples are produced by many aerospace companies, such as [[Leonardo S.p.A.]], [[Elbit Systems]], [[Northrop Grumman]], [[ITT Corporation]], and [[BAE Systems]]. A Russian example is the 101KS-O.		Examples are produced by many aerospace companies, such as [[Leonardo S.p.A.]], [[Elbit Systems]], [[Northrop Grumman]], [[ITT Corporation]], and [[BAE Systems]]. A Russian example is the 101KS-O.

ImportMaster: robot: import pages using Special:Import

2022-02-07T01:04:53Z

robot: import pages using Special:Import

New page

{{More citations needed|date=April 2020}}

{{short description|System to protect aircraft from heat seeking portable missiles}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}

[[File:C-17 missile countermeasures laser turret.jpg|thumb|Northrop Grumman AN/AAQ-24 DIRCM]]

'''Directional Infrared Counter Measures''' ('''DIRCM''') are a class of [[anti-missile]] systems produced to protect [[aircraft]] from [[infrared homing]] missiles, primarily [[Man-portable air-defense system|MANPADS]] and similar simple systems.

Earlier [[infrared countermeasures]] like [[flare]]s or hot block systems that produce random flashes of IR light are semi- or omnidirectional. This results in the missile seeker receiving relatively little IR energy due to the [[inverse square law]]. DIRCM systems instead aim their IR output directly at the missile using some source of tracking information and a trainable emitter. This allows a relatively small device to overwhelm the missile seeker by focusing all of its output on it.

Examples are produced by many aerospace companies, such as [[Leonardo S.p.A.]], [[Elbit Systems]], [[Northrop Grumman]], [[ITT Corporation]], and [[BAE Systems]]. A Russian example is the 101KS-O.

==Method of operation==

The systems use an effective method of jamming [[infrared homing|infrared missile]] seekers through the sensor aperture and can be placed in either active or standby mode. In the standby mode, the [[aircrew]] must select the active mode to begin jamming [[infrared]] (IR) threats. The pulsing flashes of IR energy confuse the missile guidance system, preventing the tracking of the target aircraft.

== Systems ==

===AN/AAQ-24 Nemesis===
The AN/AAQ-24 system is a directional infrared countermeasure (DIRCM) system. It consists of a missile warning system ([[AN/AAR-54]]), an integration unit, a processor, and laser turrets (Small Laser Transmitter Assembly, SLTA). Early versions of this system used an arc lamp to generate the jammer [[signal]]. The newer versions of this system produced by [[Northrop Grumman]] use diode-based pump systems and are known by the name GUARDIAN. These systems are intended for potential fitting to commercial carriers pending the completion of multiple tests on the viability of such options.

The AN/AAQ-24 system is installed in the [[Northrop Grumman Guardian]] system marketed for commercial aircraft.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://investor.northropgrumman.com/news-releases/news-release-details/northrop-grumman-completes-design-commercial-aircraft-protection|title=Northrop Grumman Completes Design of Commercial Aircraft Protection System|website=Northrop Grumman|language=en|access-date=2020-04-17}}</ref> The system will be installed by 2025<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://militaryleak.com/2019/01/05/northrop-grumman-receives-3-6-billion-contract-for-large-aircraft-infrared-countermeasure-systems/|title=Northrop Grumman receives $3.6 Billion contract for Large Aircraft Infrared Countermeasure systems|last=admin|date=2019-01-05|website=MilitaryLeak|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-17}}</ref> on [[C-17 Globemaster III]], [[MC-130]], CV-22, and the [[CH-53E Super Stallion]].

[[Large Aircraft Infrared Counter-Measure]] system (LAIRCM) was a [[US military|US Military]] requirement for protecting its large aircraft from infrared-guided missiles.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/systems/laircm.htm|title=Large Aircraft Infrared Countermeasures (LAIRCM)|last=|first=|date=|website=Global Security|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011118050507/http://www.globalsecurity.org:80/military/systems/aircraft/systems/laircm.htm |archive-date=18 November 2001 |access-date=13 April 2020}}</ref> The AN/AAQ-24 Nemesis system was produced to serve this requirement.

LAIRCM-Lite is a C-17 program that uses a combination of laser jamming DIRCM and flares due to the limited availability of LAIRCM components.

===101KS-O ===
The 101KS-O is a DIRCM system mounted on the [[Sukhoi Su-57]] fighter jet. It has sensors that are placed in turrets, which are mounted on two points: the dorsal spine and the forward fuselage under the cockpit. It uses [[Modulation|modulated]] laser-based countermeasures to confuse or destroy incoming missiles' tracking mechanisms.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://globaldefencewatch.com/sukhoi-57s-targetting-pod-101ks-n-spotted/ |title=Sukhoi-57’s Targetting Pod 101KS-N Spotted |website=Global Defence Watch |access-date= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203163824/https://globaldefencewatch.com/sukhoi-57s-targetting-pod-101ks-n-spotted/ |archive-date=3 December 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The 101KS-O is the first DIRCM that is deployed on any fighter aircraft.<ref name="Su-57 Next Generation">{{cite web |last1=Tahar |first1=Abraham Ait |title=Russia’s Su-57 Next Generation Fighter Shoots Lasers to Blind Enemy Missiles - A Look at the Directional Infrared Countermeasures System |url=https://militarywatchmagazine.com/article/russia-s-su-57-next-generation-fighter-shoots-lasers-to-blind-enemy-missiles-a-look-at-the-directional-infrared-countermeasures-system |website=Military Watch Magazine |date=1 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Rogoway |first1=Tyler |title=No, The Su-57 Isn't 'Junk:' Six Features We like On Russia's New Fighter |url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/20434/no-the-su-57-isnt-junk-six-features-we-like-on-russias-new-fighter |website=The Drive |date=April 30, 2018}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[AN/ALQ-144]] – Infrared guided-missile countermeasure system
* [[Civil Aircraft Missile Protection System]]
* [[Common Infrared Countermeasures program]]
* [[Flight Guard]]
* [[Infrared countermeasure]], first type of countermeasures
* [[Missile approach warning system]]
* [[Northrop Grumman Guardian]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/systems/an-aaq-24.htm Global Security]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100623063857/http://es.itt.com/microsite/2/index.html GOES-15]

==External links==
*[https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/systems/an-aaq-24.htm]

[[Category:Infrared imaging]]
[[Category:Missile countermeasures]]
[[Category:Military electronics of the United States]]
[[Category:Northrop Grumman]]