Dhenkanal State - Revision history

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			{{Short description\|Princely state of India, now in Odisha}}
	{{Other uses\|Dhenkanal (disambiguation){{!}}Dhenkanal}}		{{Other uses\|Dhenkanal (disambiguation){{!}}Dhenkanal}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=April 2017}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=April 2017}}
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	==History==		==History==
	===Foundation of Dhenkanal District===		===Foundation of Dhenkanal District===
	In 1530 CE Dhenkanal is reported to have been a local tribal kingdom under the rule of Sabara. A campaign launched by the Harisingh Vidyadhara, commander and minister of the Gajapati Maharaja, [[Prataparudra Deva]] to bring it under the umbrage of the larger kingdom. Harisingh Vidyadhar belonged to the [[Bhoi dynasty]], whose brother [[Govinda Vidyadhara]] would later overthrow [[Prataparudra Deva]]'s successors to become the Gajapati ruler of Odisha. Dhenkanal, situated 150 km north of [[Puri]], was conquered by the Vidyadhar using a force of [[cavalry]] and [[foot soldiers]] in a battle between the Gajapati's army and the ruling chief. Vidyadhar was then appointed by Gajapati Maharaja as the [[Raja]] of Dhenkanal and the Raja became the hereditary ruler of Dhenkanal. The conquest brought the remote area under the control of the Gajapati Kingdom and strengthened it against further attacks. This laid the foundation of the [[Bhoi dynasty]] branch at Dhenkanal.<ref>{{citation \|title=ODISHA DISTRICT GAZETTEERS DHENKANAL \|publisher=GAD, Govt of Odisha \|url=http://gopabandhuacademy.gov.in/sites/default/files/gazetter/Dhenkanal_Gazetteer.pdf \|pages=21–37 \|date=2014 }}</ref><ref>{{citation \|title=History \|publisher=Govt of Odisha \|url=https://dhenkanal.nic.in/history/ }}</ref>		In 1530 CE, Dhenkanal is reported to have been a local tribal kingdom under the rule of Sabara. A campaign launched by the Harisingh Vidyadhara, commander and minister of the Gajapati Maharaja, [[Prataparudra Deva]] to bring it under the umbrage of the larger kingdom. Harisingh Vidyadhar belonged to the [[Bhoi dynasty]], whose brother [[Govinda Vidyadhara]] would later overthrow [[Prataparudra Deva]]'s successors to become the Gajapati ruler of Odisha. Dhenkanal, situated 150 km north of [[Puri]], was conquered by the Vidyadhar using a force of [[cavalry]] and [[foot soldiers]] in a battle between the Gajapati's army and the ruling chief. Vidyadhar was then appointed by Gajapati Maharaja as the [[Raja]] of Dhenkanal and the Raja became the hereditary ruler of Dhenkanal. The conquest brought the remote area under the control of the Gajapati Kingdom and strengthened it against further attacks. This laid the foundation of the [[Bhoi dynasty]] branch at Dhenkanal.<ref>{{citation \|title=ODISHA DISTRICT GAZETTEERS DHENKANAL \|publisher=GAD, Govt of Odisha \|url=http://gopabandhuacademy.gov.in/sites/default/files/gazetter/Dhenkanal_Gazetteer.pdf \|pages=21–37 \|date=2014 }}</ref><ref>{{citation \|title=History \|publisher=Govt of Odisha \|url=https://dhenkanal.nic.in/history/ }}</ref>

	~~A few centuries later it~~ withstood the attack by the [[Maratha]]. Raja Bhagirathi Pratap was a very popular and effective ruler, who was decorated with hereditary title of Mahindra Bahadur.		In the 18th century, the kingdom withstood the attack by the [[Maratha Empire\|Maratha]] forces during the reign of Trilochana Deva.<ref>{{citation\|last=Ray \|first=BC \|title=Maratha Attack on Dhenkanal in Orissa \|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress \|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44138943 \|publisher=Indian History Congress \|date=1976 \|volume=37 \|pages=245–251 \|jstor=44138943 }}</ref> The events of the Maratha-Dhenakanal war of 1781 was also recorded in the ballad ''Samara Taranga'' by [[Brajanath Badajena]]. Raja Bhagirathi Pratap was a very popular and effective ruler, who was decorated with hereditary title of Mahindra Bahadur.

	===20th century===		===20th century===
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	===Revolt===		===Revolt===
	The revolt was organised and mobilized mainly by Harmohan Patnaik, who was the grandson of Dhenkanal [[Bebarta Jagannath Patnaik]] and [[Dewan Damodar Patnaik]]. Harmohan Patnaik formed the Dhenkanal [[Praja Mandal]] and was elected as its president. Same time Sena Adhyaksh Senapati Nakula Samanta Sinhara and Zamindar Sarbarakar [[Fakira Charana Garnaik]] from Hindol princely state formed the Hindol Praja Mandal and Nakula Samanta Sinhara was elected as its president. Both the President of Harmohan Patnaik from Dhenkanal princely state and Nakula Samanta Sinhara from Hindol princely state sprang up in all princely states of India. This was the first Praja Mandal <ref>[http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2009/Jan/engpdf/17-19.pdf Orissa Review]</ref> of British India and then Praja Mandals sprang up in all [[princely state]]s of India as public organizations to resist the practices of the then [[Raja]]s and [[Maharaja]]s.		The revolt was organised and mobilized mainly by Harmohan Patnaik, who was the grandson of Dhenkanal [[Bebarta Jagannath Patnaik]] and [[Dewan Damodar Patnaik]]. Harmohan Patnaik formed the Dhenkanal [[Praja Mandal]] and was elected as its president.This was the first Praja Mandal <ref>[http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2009/Jan/engpdf/17-19.pdf Orissa Review]</ref> of British India and then Praja Mandals sprang up in all [[princely state]]s of India as public organizations to resist the practices of the then [[Raja]]s and [[Maharaja]]s.

	The British military force was mobilized by Raja Saheb to repress a revolt. A young boy named [[Baji Rout]] refused to ferry the British military force by his boat.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://dhenkanal.nic.in/freedom.htm \|title=Freedom Fighters \|publisher=Dhenkanal.nic.in \|access-date=2013-10-14 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150813024353/http://dhenkanal.nic.in/freedom.htm \|archive-date=13 August 2015 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> The British Officer opened fire and killed Baji Rout and five villagers. This incident inflamed the nearby villagers and the revolt spread to the entire Dhenkanal State.		The British military force was mobilized by Raja Saheb to repress a revolt. A young boy named [[Baji Rout]] refused to ferry the British military force by his boat.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://dhenkanal.nic.in/freedom.htm \|title=Freedom Fighters \|publisher=Dhenkanal.nic.in \|access-date=2013-10-14 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150813024353/http://dhenkanal.nic.in/freedom.htm \|archive-date=13 August 2015 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> The British Officer opened fire and killed Baji Rout and five villagers. This incident inflamed the nearby villagers and the revolt spread to the entire Dhenkanal State.
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	==Rulers==		==Rulers==
	List of rulers of the Dhenkanal princely state of the [[Bhoi dynasty]] branch:		List of rulers of the Dhenkanal princely state of the [[Bhoi dynasty]] branch:<ref>{{Cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cENQAQAAIAAJ&q=Bhoi+Dynasty \|title=Cultural Heritage of [Orissa]: Dhenkanal \|date=2002 \|publisher=State Level Vyasakabi Fakir Mohan Smruti Samsad \|isbn=978-81-902761-5-3 \|language=en}}</ref>

	*Harisingh Vidyadhara (~~1530-1594~~)		*Harisingh Vidyadhara (1530–1594)
	*Loknath Ray Singh Bharamarbar (~~1594-1615~~)		*Loknath Ray Singh Bharamarbar (1594–1615)
	*Balabhadra Ray Singh (~~1615-1641~~)		*Balabhadra Ray Singh (1615–1641)
	*Nilakantha Ray Singh (~~1641-1682~~)		*Nilakantha Ray Singh (1641–1682)
	*Nrusingh Bhramarbar (~~1682-1708~~)		*Nrusingh Bhramarbar (1682–1708)
	*Kunja Behari Bhramarbar (~~1708-1728~~)		*Kunja Behari Bhramarbar (1708–1728)
	*Braja Behari Bhramarbar (~~1728-1741~~)		*Braja Behari Bhramarbar (1728–1741)
	*Damodar Bhramarbar (~~1741-1743~~)		*Damodar Bhramarbar (1741–1743)
	*~~Trilochan Singh~~ (~~1743-1785~~)		*Trilochana Deva Mahendra Bahadur (1743–1785)
	*Dayanidhi Mahendra Bahadur (~~1785-1796~~)		*Dayanidhi Mahendra Bahadur (1785–1796)
	*Ramchandra Mahendra Bahadur (~~1796-1807~~)		*Ramchandra Mahendra Bahadur (1796–1807)
	*Krishna Chandra Mahendra Bahadur (~~1807-1822~~)		*Krishna Chandra Mahendra Bahadur (1807–1822)
	*Shyam Chandra Mahendra Bahadur (~~1822-1830~~)		*Shyam Chandra Mahendra Bahadur (1822–1830)
	*Bhagiratha Mahendra Bahadur (~~1830-1873~~)		*Bhagiratha Mahendra Bahadur (1830–1873)
	*Pitambar Deo (~~1873-1877~~)		*Pitambar Deo (1873–1877)
	*Dinabhandu Mahendra Bahadur (~~1877-1885~~)		*Dinabhandu Mahendra Bahadur (1877–1885)
	*Surya Pratap Mahendra Bahadur (29 ~~Aug 1885–16 Oct~~ 1918)		*Surya Pratap Mahendra Bahadur (29 August 1885 – 16 October 1918)
	*Shankar Pratap Singh Dev Mahendra (16 ~~Oct 1918–1~~ January 1948)		*Shankar Pratap Singh Dev Mahendra (16 October 1918 – 1 January 1948)

	===Titular===		===Titular===
	*Shankar Pratap Singh Dev Mahendra (1 January 1948-3 ~~Aug~~ 1965)		*Shankar Pratap Singh Dev Mahendra (1 January 1948 – 3 August 1965)
	*[[Kamakhya Prasad Singh Deo]] Mahindra Bahadur (3 ~~Aug~~ 1965~~-till now~~)		*[[Kamakhya Prasad Singh Deo]] Mahindra Bahadur (born 3 August 1965)

	==See also==		==See also==
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	[[Category:Princely states of Odisha]]		[[Category:Princely states of Odisha]]
	[[Category:~~States and territories established~~ in ~~1529~~]]		[[Category:1530 establishments in India]]
			[[Category:1948 disestablishments in India]]
	[[Category:Dhenkanal district]]		[[Category:Dhenkanal district]]
	[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1948]]		[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1948]]

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Titular

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{{Other uses|Dhenkanal (disambiguation){{!}}Dhenkanal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
|native_name = ଢେଙ୍କାନାଳ
|conventional_long_name =Dhenkanal State
|common_name =Dhenkanal
|nation = [[British India]]
|subdivision = [[Princely State]]
|era =
|year_start = 1530
|date_start =
|event_start=
|year_end = 1948
|date_end =
|event_end= [[Independence of India|Accession to the Indian Union]]
|event1 =
|date_event1 =
|p1 = Gajapati Kingdom
|p2 = Bhoi dynasty
|s1 = India
|flag_p1 =
|flag_s1 = Flag of India.svg
|image_flag = Dhenkanalflag.png
|image_coat = Dhenkanal State Coat of Arms.png
|image_map = DhenkanalKart.jpg
|image_map_caption = Dhenkanal State in the [[Imperial Gazetteer of India]]
|stat_area1 =3789
|stat_year1 =1892
|stat_pop1 =273662
|footnotes =
}}
[[File:Gaj Laxmi palace (Dhenkanal palace) Dhenkanal, Odisha.JPG|thumb|View of [[Gajlaxmi Palace]].]]
'''Dhenkanal State''' was one of the [[princely state]]s of [[India]] during the period of the [[British Raj]]. The state is now referred to as [[Dhenkanal district]], [[Odisha]], with [[Dhenkanal, India|Dhenkanal town]] as its district headquarters.

==History==
===Foundation of Dhenkanal District===
In 1530 CE Dhenkanal is reported to have been a local tribal kingdom under the rule of Sabara. A campaign launched by the Harisingh Vidyadhara, commander and minister of the Gajapati Maharaja, [[Prataparudra Deva]] to bring it under the umbrage of the larger kingdom. Harisingh Vidyadhar belonged to the [[Bhoi dynasty]], whose brother [[Govinda Vidyadhara]] would later overthrow [[Prataparudra Deva]]'s successors to become the Gajapati ruler of Odisha. Dhenkanal, situated 150 km north of [[Puri]], was conquered by the Vidyadhar using a force of [[cavalry]] and [[foot soldiers]] in a battle between the Gajapati's army and the ruling chief. Vidyadhar was then appointed by Gajapati Maharaja as the [[Raja]] of Dhenkanal and the Raja became the hereditary ruler of Dhenkanal. The conquest brought the remote area under the control of the Gajapati Kingdom and strengthened it against further attacks. This laid the foundation of the [[Bhoi dynasty]] branch at Dhenkanal.<ref>{{citation |title=ODISHA DISTRICT GAZETTEERS DHENKANAL |publisher=GAD, Govt of Odisha |url=http://gopabandhuacademy.gov.in/sites/default/files/gazetter/Dhenkanal_Gazetteer.pdf |pages=21–37 |date=2014 }}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=History |publisher=Govt of Odisha |url=https://dhenkanal.nic.in/history/ }}</ref>

A few centuries later it withstood the attack by the [[Maratha]]. Raja Bhagirathi Pratap was a very popular and effective ruler, who was decorated with hereditary title of Mahindra Bahadur.

===20th century===
Raja Sri Sura Pratap Singh Deo Mahindra Bahadur's eldest son, Prince Shankar Pratap, became Raja in the year 1926. He was young and still studying. Subsequently, he went to [[England]] to study Bar at Law. After his return to Dhenkanal, he put his mind to administration.

While Raja Sri Shankar Pratap Singh Deo Mahindra Bahadur was in England, his younger brother, Pattayat Nrusingha Pratap Singh Deo was ruling over Dhenkanal. He built his 100-room palace at Jatan Nagar with [[forced labour]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.orissagateway.com/features/Travel_and_Tourism/Attractions/Places/Dhenkanal/Places_In_And_Around/Dhenkanal/ |title=Dhenkanal |publisher=Orissagateway.com |date= |access-date=2013-10-14}}</ref> The labourers were [[tortured]] badly. Raja's Accountant also extracted money from common men. After all these incidents people expected an improved state of affairs after Raja Sri Shankar Pratap would return from abroad and take over administration from his younger brother.

===Revolt===
The revolt was organised and mobilized mainly by Harmohan Patnaik, who was the grandson of Dhenkanal [[Bebarta Jagannath Patnaik]] and [[Dewan Damodar Patnaik]]. Harmohan Patnaik formed the Dhenkanal [[Praja Mandal]] and was elected as its president. Same time Sena Adhyaksh Senapati Nakula Samanta Sinhara and Zamindar Sarbarakar [[Fakira Charana Garnaik]] from Hindol princely state formed the Hindol Praja Mandal and Nakula Samanta Sinhara was elected as its president. Both the President of Harmohan Patnaik from Dhenkanal princely state and Nakula Samanta Sinhara from Hindol princely state sprang up in all princely states of India. This was the first Praja Mandal <ref>[http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2009/Jan/engpdf/17-19.pdf Orissa Review]</ref> of British India and then Praja Mandals sprang up in all [[princely state]]s of India as public organizations to resist the practices of the then [[Raja]]s and [[Maharaja]]s.

The British military force was mobilized by Raja Saheb to repress a revolt. A young boy named [[Baji Rout]] refused to ferry the British military force by his boat.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dhenkanal.nic.in/freedom.htm |title=Freedom Fighters |publisher=Dhenkanal.nic.in |access-date=2013-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150813024353/http://dhenkanal.nic.in/freedom.htm |archive-date=13 August 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The British Officer opened fire and killed Baji Rout and five villagers. This incident inflamed the nearby villagers and the revolt spread to the entire Dhenkanal State.

The Praja Mandal movement mobilized mass gatherings and a charter of rights was drawn. During the years of struggle, the [[Indian National Congress]] also became associated with the Dhenkanal movement. Arrests and imprisonments were a regular occurrence. Whenever Raja Saheb's forces imprisoned Harmohan Patnaik, the people surrounded the Palace in great numbers. Raja Saheb felt threatened and released Harmohan Patnaik unconditionally.

===Independence of India===
The independence of India in the year 1947 put a stop to the unrest. Raja Sri Shankar Pratap Singh Deo Mahindra Bahadur accepted Harmohan Patnaik as an adviser. Subsequently, princely states were taken over and Rajas and Maharajas were deposed. Raja Sri Shankar Pratap was elected as Member of newly formed Odisha Legislative Assembly. Ranee Smt. Ratna Prabha Devi was an M.L.A. for two terms. Raja Sri Shankar Pratap's son, Brigadier [[Kamakhya Prasad Singh Deo]], became a Member of Indian Parliament and a Minister in the Government of India's cabinet. He was the President of Orissa Pradesh Congress Committee.

==Rulers==
List of rulers of the Dhenkanal princely state of the [[Bhoi dynasty]] branch:

*Harisingh Vidyadhara (1530-1594)
*Loknath Ray Singh Bharamarbar (1594-1615)
*Balabhadra Ray Singh (1615-1641)
*Nilakantha Ray Singh (1641-1682)
*Nrusingh Bhramarbar (1682-1708)
*Kunja Behari Bhramarbar (1708-1728)
*Braja Behari Bhramarbar (1728-1741)
*Damodar Bhramarbar (1741-1743)
*Trilochan Singh (1743-1785)
*Dayanidhi Mahendra Bahadur (1785-1796)
*Ramchandra Mahendra Bahadur (1796-1807)
*Krishna Chandra Mahendra Bahadur (1807-1822)
*Shyam Chandra Mahendra Bahadur (1822-1830)
*Bhagiratha Mahendra Bahadur (1830-1873)
*Pitambar Deo (1873-1877)
*Dinabhandu Mahendra Bahadur (1877-1885)
*Surya Pratap Mahendra Bahadur (29 Aug 1885–16 Oct 1918)
*Shankar Pratap Singh Dev Mahendra (16 Oct 1918–1 January 1948)

===Titular===
*Shankar Pratap Singh Dev Mahendra (1 January 1948-3 Aug 1965)
*[[Kamakhya Prasad Singh Deo]] Mahindra Bahadur (3 Aug 1965-till now)

==See also==
*[[Eastern States Agency]]
*[[Eastern States Union]]
*[[Political integration of India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline}}
*[http://indiastamp.blogspot.com/2010/03/indian-princely-state-dhenkanal-fiscal.html Indian Princely State Dhenkanal Fiscal Court fee and Revenue Stamps]

{{Princely states of the Eastern States Agency}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Coord|20.67|N|85.6|E|source:kolossus-cawiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Princely states of Odisha]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1529]]
[[Category:Dhenkanal district]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1948]]