Dewan Prem Chand - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 07:17, 26 October 2022
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	{{Use dmy dates\|date=July ~~2022~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2019}}
	{{more citations needed\|date=February ~~2022~~}}		{{more citations needed\|date=February 2014}}
	{{Infobox military person		{{Infobox military person
	\|name= Dewan Prem Chand		\|name= Dewan Prem Chand
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	==Early life==		==Early life==
	Dewan Prem Chand was born on 14 June 1916 in [[Muzaffargarh]], [[British India]],<ref name= telegraph>{{cite news\| title = Lieutenant-General Prem Chand\| newspaper = The Telegraph\| date = 20 December 2003\| url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1449885/Lieutenant-General-Prem-Chand.html\| access-date = 1 January ~~2022~~}}</ref> to Dewan Khem Chand and his wife,{{sfn\|International Who's Who\|2003\|p=1353}} members of a wealthy [[Punjabi people\|Punjabi]] ''[[dewan]]'' family. After an initial education at the [[Bishop Cotton School (Shimla)\|Bishop Cotton School]] in [[Shimla]], he studied at the [[Government College University (Lahore)\|Government College University]] in [[Lahore]]. In late 1934 Chand enrolled in the [[Indian Military Academy]] in [[Dehradun]], where he performed well academically.{{sfn\|Khanduri\|~~2022~~}} While on holiday in [[Srinagar]], Chand and some of his fellow cadets attempted to go swimming in one of the local lakes, which was marked with signs reading "No Indians Allowed" and "Europeans Only", only to be turned away by white boatmen. The following day they rode [[shikara]]s into the lake. When the boatmen attempted to stop them, the cadets boarded their craft and threw them into the water. Other boaters converged and fought with the cadets until an elderly man intervened. Chand and his comrades left after removing the segregationist signs and extracting an assurance that they could swim in the lake.{{sfn\|Singh\|2005\|p=229}}		Dewan Prem Chand was born on 14 June 1916 in [[Muzaffargarh]], [[British India]],<ref name= telegraph>{{cite news\| title = Lieutenant-General Prem Chand\| newspaper = The Telegraph\| date = 20 December 2003\| url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1449885/Lieutenant-General-Prem-Chand.html\| access-date = 1 January 2018}}</ref> to Dewan Khem Chand and his wife,{{sfn\|International Who's Who\|2003\|p=1353}} members of a wealthy [[Punjabi people\|Punjabi]] ''[[dewan]]'' family. After an initial education at the [[Bishop Cotton School (Shimla)\|Bishop Cotton School]] in [[Shimla]], he studied at the [[Government College University (Lahore)\|Government College University]] in [[Lahore]]. In late 1934 Chand enrolled in the [[Indian Military Academy]] in [[Dehradun]], where he performed well academically.{{sfn\|Khanduri\|2005}} While on holiday in [[Srinagar]], Chand and some of his fellow cadets attempted to go swimming in one of the local lakes, which was marked with signs reading "No Indians Allowed" and "Europeans Only", only to be turned away by white boatmen. The following day they rode [[shikara]]s into the lake. When the boatmen attempted to stop them, the cadets boarded their craft and threw them into the water. Other boaters converged and fought with the cadets until an elderly man intervened. Chand and his comrades left after removing the segregationist signs and extracting an assurance that they could swim in the lake.{{sfn\|Singh\|2005\|p=229}}

	Chand was commissioned into the [[British Indian Army]] in 1937.{{sfn\|International Who's Who\|2003\|p=1353}} He was attached to the 1st Battalion, Dorset Regiment on 24 February 1938. He was accepted for the Indian Army and posted to the 5th Battalion, [[10th Baluch Regiment]] on 24 February 1939. His seniority as second lieutenant was antedated to 31 January 1937 and he was promoted lieutenant 30 April 1939. He served during the Second World War.		Chand was commissioned into the [[British Indian Army]] in 1937.{{sfn\|International Who's Who\|2003\|p=1353}} He was attached to the 1st Battalion, Dorset Regiment on 24 February 1938. He was accepted for the Indian Army and posted to the 5th Battalion, [[10th Baluch Regiment]] on 24 February 1939. His seniority as second lieutenant was antedated to 31 January 1937 and he was promoted lieutenant 30 April 1939. He served during the Second World War.
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	{{refbegin}}		{{refbegin}}
	* {{cite book\| author = Army Training Command\| author-link = Army Training Command\| title = The Indian Army: United Nations Peacekeeping Operations\| publisher = Lancer Publishers\| date = 1997\| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=BOHvMJUodRQC\| isbn = 9781897829011\| ref = {{harvid\|Army Training Command\|1997}}}}		* {{cite book\| author = Army Training Command\| author-link = Army Training Command\| title = The Indian Army: United Nations Peacekeeping Operations\| publisher = Lancer Publishers\| date = 1997\| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=BOHvMJUodRQC\| isbn = 9781897829011\| ref = {{harvid\|Army Training Command\|1997}}}}
	* {{cite book\| title = The International Who's Who 2004\| publisher = Psychology Press\| series = [[International Who's Who]]\| volume = 67\| date = 2003\| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=\| isbn = 9781857432176\|ref= {{harvid\|International Who's Who\|~~2022~~}}}}		* {{cite book\| title = The International Who's Who 2004\| publisher = Psychology Press\| series = [[International Who's Who]]\| volume = 67\| date = 2003\| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=\| isbn = 9781857432176\|ref= {{harvid\|International Who's Who\|2003}}}}
	* {{cite journal\| url = http://usiofindia.org/Article/?pub=Journal&pubno=561&ano=477\| title = Lieutenant General Dewan Prem Chand – Vignettes of His Life\| last = Khanduri\| first = Chandra B.\| edition = July 2005 – September 2005\| journal = U.S.I. Journal\| volume = CXXXV \| issue = 561\| page = 494\| publisher = [[United Service Institution of India]]\| location = New Delhi\| ref = {{harvid\|Khanduri\|~~2022~~}}}}		* {{cite journal\| url = http://usiofindia.org/Article/?pub=Journal&pubno=561&ano=477\| title = Lieutenant General Dewan Prem Chand – Vignettes of His Life\| last = Khanduri\| first = Chandra B.\| edition = July 2005 – September 2005\| journal = U.S.I. Journal\| volume = CXXXV \| issue = 561\| page = 494\| publisher = [[United Service Institution of India]]\| location = New Delhi\| ref = {{harvid\|Khanduri\|2005}}}}
	* {{cite book\| last = MacQueen\| first = Norrie\| title = United Nations Peacekeeping in Africa Since 1960\| publisher = Routledge\| date = 2014\| location = New York\| isbn = 978-0-582-38253-4}}		* {{cite book\| last = MacQueen\| first = Norrie\| title = United Nations Peacekeeping in Africa Since 1960\| publisher = Routledge\| date = 2014\| location = New York\| isbn = 978-0-582-38253-4}}
	* {{cite book\| last = Singh\| first = V. K.\| author-link = Vijay Kumar Singh\| title = Leadership in the Indian Army: Biographies of Twelve Soldiers\| publisher = SAGE Publications\| edition = illustrated\| date = 2005\| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=\| isbn = 9780761933229}}		* {{cite book\| last = Singh\| first = V. K.\| author-link = Vijay Kumar Singh\| title = Leadership in the Indian Army: Biographies of Twelve Soldiers\| publisher = SAGE Publications\| edition = illustrated\| date = 2005\| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=\| isbn = 9780761933229}}

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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{more citations needed|date=February 2014}}
[[File:1989 Medal presentation 1ASC.JPG|thumb|300px|Lieutenant-General Dewan Prem Chand presenting United Nations medals to members of the [[Australian contribution to UNTAG|1st Australian Services Contingent (1ASC) Headquarters Chief Engineer UNTAG]] at a parade at the [[United Nations Transition Assistance Group]] Headquarters in Suiderhof, [[Windhoek]] [[Namibia]] in 1989.]]

'''Dewan Prem Chand''' (14 June 1916 – 3 November 2003) was an [[Indian Army]] officer. He served as Force Commander of United Nations peacekeeping missions in the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Cyprus]], [[Namibia]] and [[Zimbabwe]].

== Early life ==
Dewan Prem Chand was born on 14 June 1916 in [[Muzaffargarh]], [[British Raj]]<ref name= telegraph>{{cite news| title = Lieutenant-General Prem Chand| newspaper = The Telegraph| date = 20 December 2003| url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1449885/Lieutenant-General-Prem-Chand.html| access-date = 1 January 2018}}</ref> to Dewan Khem Chand and his wife,{{sfn|International Who's Who|2003|p=1353}} members of a wealthy [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] ''[[dewan]]'' family. After an initial education at the [[Bishop Cotton School (Shimla)|Bishop Cotton School]] in [[Shimla]], he studied at the [[Government College University (Lahore)|Government College University]] in [[Lahore]]. In late 1934 Chand enrolled in the [[Indian Military Academy]] in [[Dehradun]], where he performed well academically.{{sfn|Khanduri|2005}} While on holiday in [[Srinagar]], Chand and some of his fellow cadets attempted to go swimming in one of the local lakes, which was marked with signs reading "No Indians Allowed" and "Europeans Only", only to be turned away by white boatmen. The following day they rode [[shikara]]s into the lake. When the boatmen attempted to stop them, the cadets boarded their craft and threw them into the water. Other boaters converged and fought with the cadets until an elderly man intervened. Chand and his comrades left after removing the segregationist signs and extracting an assurance that they could swim in the lake.{{sfn|Singh|2005|p=229}}

Chand was commissioned into the [[British Indian Army]] in 1937.{{sfn|International Who's Who|2003|p=1353}} He was attached to the 1st battalion Dorset Regiment 24 February 1938. He was accepted for the Indian Army and posted to the 5th battalion [[10th Baluch Regiment]] on 24 February 1939. His seniority as Second Lieutenant was antedated to 31 January 1937 and he was promoted Lieutenant 30 April 1939. He served during World War II.

== Service with the United Nations ==
Chand commanded United Nations forces during two of their most sensitive peacekeeping operations, and also what is widely acknowledged as the United Nations most successful mission in Namibia.

=== Katanga in the Congo (1962) ===
Chand commanded troops in the [[United Nations Operation in the Congo]] in the breakaway [[Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)]] province of [[State of Katanga|Katanga]] in 1962 during the [[Congo Crisis]]. He was awarded an Indian medal for distinguished service, Vashisht Seva Medal for this operation.<ref name="guardian">{{cite news| publisher = The Guardian| last = Condell| first = Diana| title = Obituary: Lieut Gen Dewan Prem Chand, General at the sharp end of UN peacekeeping operations| date = 10 November 2003| url = https://www.theguardian.com/news/2003/nov/10/guardianobituaries.india}}</ref>

=== Cyprus (1970-76) ===
{{Quote box|width=246px|bgcolor=#c6dbf7|align=right|quote="In this sad time Prem showed just why We all have praised him to the sky. Courageous, wise and serene and good, Night and day he did all he could. Without him and his splendid Force The Shambles would have been far worse War victims knew a helping hand Was always certain from Prem Chand."|source= Extract from Urquhart's poem, December 1976{{sfn|Army Training Command|1997|p=40}}}}
Chand commanded United Nations forces on the divided island of Cyprus, from 1970 to 1976. He was responsible for organising the escape of [[Makarios III]] from Cyprus during the 1974 coup that overthrew him. The same year, he protected [[Nicosia International Airport]] from the [[Turkish invasion of Cyprus]]. The UN remained in control of the airport.<ref>Doyle, Sambanis, 2006, ''Making War and Building Peace'', p. 273</ref> In December 1976 [[Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations|UN Under-Secretary-General]] [[Brian Urquhart]] wrote a poem in his farewell message to Chand to commemorate his service with UN peacekeeping.{{sfn|Army Training Command|1997|pp=39–40}}

=== Rhodesia ===
In 1977, he ended retirement to act as the UN secretary general's personal observer in Rhodesia, when discussions began to end Ian Smith's unilateral declaration of independence.<ref name="guardian"/>

=== United Nations Transition Assistance Group ===
In 1989 the UN created the [[United Nations Transition Assistance Group]] to oversee the withdrawal of South African forces from [[Namibia]] and ensure free elections. At the behest of the members funding most of the mission, the original 7,500 troops envisaged in the initial deployment was cut down to 4,650.{{sfn|MacQueen|2014|p=114}} Prem Chand was appointed commander of the operation, but expressed concerns that the reduced force would be unable to fulfill its duties. Nevertheless, the cost-cutting measures prevailed. Prem Chand arrived in Windhoek in late February with an advance group of peacekeepers.{{sfn|MacQueen|2014|p=115}}

== Death and legacy ==
On 3 November 2003. Chand died at the age of 87. He had been honoured with the [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]] and the UN Peace Medal.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}

==Dates of rank==
{|class="wikitable" style="background:white"
! Insignia !! Rank !! Component !! Date of rank
|-
|align="center" |[[File:British_Army_(1920-1953)_OF-1a.svg|35px]] || [[Second lieutenant#United Kingdom & other Commonwealth countries|Second Lieutenant]] || [[British Indian Army]] || 1 February 1938 (seniority from 31 January 1937)<ref name="Indian_Army_List_47"/>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:British_Army_(1920-1953)_OF-1b.svg|35px]] || [[Lieutenant (British Army and Royal Marines)|Lieutenant]] || British Indian Army || 24 February 1939<ref name="Indian_Army_List_47">{{cite book|pages=231|title=Indian Army List, August 1947 (Special Edition)|publisher=Government of India Press|year=1947}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:British_Army_(1920-1953)_OF-2.svg|35px]] || [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|Captain]] || British Indian Army || 24 November 1941 (acting)<ref name="Indian_Army_List_47"/> 24 January 1942 (temporary)<ref name="Indian_Army_List_47"/> 30 November 1942 (war-substantive)<ref name="Indian_Army_List_47"/> 31 January 1945 (substantive)<ref name="Indian_Army_List_47"/>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:British_Army_(1920-1953)_OF-3.svg|35px]] || [[Major (United Kingdom)|Major]] ||British Indian Army || 31 August 1942 (acting)<ref name="Indian_Army_List_47"/> 30 November 1942 (temporary)<ref name="Indian_Army_List_47"/>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:British_Army_(1920-1953)_OF-2.svg|35px]] || Captain || [[Indian Army]] || 15 August 1947<ref name="insignia" group="note">Upon independence in 1947, India became a [[Dominion of India|Dominion]] within the British [[Commonwealth of Nations]]. As a result, the rank insignia of the [[British Army]], incorporating the [[Tudor Crown]] and four-pointed [[Order of the Bath|Bath Star]] ("pip"), was retained, as [[George VI of the United Kingdom|George VI]] remained Commander-in-Chief of the [[Indian Armed Forces]]. After 26 January 1950, when India became a [[Republic of India|republic]], the [[President of India]] became Commander-in-Chief, and the [[Lion Capital of Asoka|Ashoka Lion]] replaced the crown, with a five-pointed star being substituted for the "pip."</ref><ref name="insignia_designs"/>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Major_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || Major || Indian Army || 26 January 1950 (recommissioning and change in insignia)<ref name="insignia_designs">{{cite web|title=New Designs of Crests and Badges in the Services|url=http://pib.nic.in/archive/docs/DVD_38/ACC%20NO%20807-BR/HOM-1950-01-06_484.pdf|website=Press Information Bureau of India - Archive|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808193914/http://pib.nic.in/archive/docs/DVD_38/ACC%20NO%20807-BR/HOM-1950-01-06_484.pdf|archive-date=8 August 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Lieutenant_Colonel_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Lieutenant-Colonel]] || Indian Army || 31 January 1951 (substantive)<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=109 |date=9 June 1951 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Colonel_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Colonel]] || Indian Army || 31 January 1955 (substantive)<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=84 |date=23 April 1955 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Brigadier_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Brigadier]] || Indian Army || 3 October 1952 (acting)<ref name="actg_brig">{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=247 |date=8 November 1952 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref> 31 January 1960 (substantive)<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=255 |date=1 October 1960 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Major_General_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Major general#India|Major General]] || Indian Army || 10 March 1962 (substantive)<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=11 |date=12 January 1963 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Lieutenant_General_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Lieutenant general#India|Lieutenant-General]] || Indian Army || 1970
|-
|}

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

== Citations ==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book| author = Army Training Command| author-link = Army Training Command| title = The Indian Army: United Nations Peacekeeping Operations| publisher = Lancer Publishers| date = 1997| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=BOHvMJUodRQC&dq=| isbn = 9781897829011| ref = {{harvid|Army Training Command|1997}}}}
* {{cite book| title = The International Who's Who 2004| publisher = Psychology Press| series = [[International Who's Who]]| volume = 67| date = 2003| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=| isbn = 9781857432176|ref= {{harvid|International Who's Who|2003}}}}
* {{cite journal| url = http://usiofindia.org/Article/?pub=Journal&pubno=561&ano=477| title = Lieutenant General Dewan Prem Chand – Vignettes of His Life| last = Khanduri| first = Chandra B.| edition = July 2005 – September 2005| journal = U.S.I. Journal| volume = CXXXV | issue = 561| page = 494| publisher = [[United Service Institution of India]]| location = New Delhi| ref = {{harvid|Khanduri|2005}}}}
* {{cite book
| last = MacQueen
| first = Norrie
| title = United Nations Peacekeeping in Africa Since 1960
| publisher = Routledge
| date = 2014
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-582-38253-4
}}
* {{cite book| last = Singh| first = V. K.| author-link = Vijay Kumar Singh| title = Leadership in the Indian Army: Biographies of Twelve Soldiers| publisher = SAGE Publications| edition = illustrated| date = 2005| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=| isbn = 9780761933229}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chand, Dewan Prem}}
[[Category:1916 births]]
[[Category:2003 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Muzaffargarh District]]
[[Category:Place of death missing]]
[[Category:Indian generals]]
[[Category:Indian Army personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:British Indian Army officers]]
[[Category:People of the Congo Crisis]]

{{India-mil-bio-stub}}