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	== See also ==		== See also ==
	~~{{Portal\|Sri Lanka}}~~
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	* [[Deva people]]		* [[Deva people]]

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← Older revision		Revision as of 19:20, 31 July 2023
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	Dewa (/ˈdeɪvə/; Sinhala: දේව, Deva) tribe of Sinhalese in Sri Lanka is the only ancient Sinhalese tribe which still could be recognize in the island who founded Sinhalese nationality. The family names bearing distinct "Dewage" (Sinhala:දේවගේ) or "Dewalage" (Sinhala:දේවලාගේ) as surname bearing people still found in the country. Deva, Wahumpura <ref>{{cite web \|website=joshuaproject.net \|title=people_groups \|url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/21451/CE}}</ref>(Sinhala:වහුම්පුර), Wanshapurna (Sinhala:වංශපුර්ණ) are the other names. They are mountain dwelling people even at present.		Dewa (/ˈdeɪvə/; Sinhala: දේව, Deva) tribe of Sinhalese in Sri Lanka is the only ancient Sinhalese tribe which still could be recognize in the island who founded Sinhalese nationality. The family names bearing distinct "Dewage" (Sinhala:දේවගේ) or "Dewalage" (Sinhala:දේවලාගේ) as surname bearing people still found in the country. Deva, Wahumpura <ref>{{cite web \|website=joshuaproject.net \|title=people_groups \|url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/21451/CE}}</ref>(Sinhala:වහුම්පුර), Wanshapurna (Sinhala:වංශපුර්ණ) are the other names. They are mountain dwelling people even at present.
	Dewa is the second influential and the significant population of Sinhalese misleadingly named as Hakuru caste<ref name="IIDS">{{cite journal\|last1=Silva\|first1=Kalinga Tudor\|last2=Sivapragasam\|first2=P.P.\|last3=Thanges\|first3=Paramsothy\|date=2009\|title=Caste Discrimination and Social Justice in Sri Lanka: An Overview\|url=http://idsn.org/fileadmin/user_folder/pdf/New_files/Publications_from_network/Caste_discrimination_and_social_justice_in_Sri_Lanka__IIDS_working_paper_.pdf\|journal=Indian Institute of Dalit Studies\|volume=III\|access-date=29 July 2014}}</ref> but clearly recognizable as the ancient Dewa tribe predominantly from Sabaragamuwa Province, North Western province (Whayaba province), Central, Western province and North Central province of Sri Lanka. But not represent Sri Lankan Parliament respectably due to lack of awareness or caste blind voting among themselves.		Dewa is the second influential and the significant population of Sinhalese misleadingly named as Hakuru caste<ref name="IIDS">{{cite journal\|last1=Silva\|first1=Kalinga Tudor\|last2=Sivapragasam\|first2=P.P.\|last3=Thanges\|first3=Paramsothy\|date=2009\|title=Caste Discrimination and Social Justice in Sri Lanka: An Overview\|url=http://idsn.org/fileadmin/user_folder/pdf/New_files/Publications_from_network/Caste_discrimination_and_social_justice_in_Sri_Lanka__IIDS_working_paper_.pdf\|journal=Indian Institute of Dalit Studies\|volume=III\|access-date=29 July 2014}}</ref> but clearly recognizable as the ancient Dewa tribe predominantly from Sabaragamuwa Province, North Western province (Whayaba province), Central, Western province and North Central province of Sri Lanka. But not represent Sri Lankan Parliament respectably due to lack of awareness or caste blind voting among themselves.
	[[File:Dewa caste of people in 1946 in Udawela village in Kandy in a occasion with a government officer.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Dewa caste of people in 1946 at Udawela village in Kandy in an occasion with a government officer]]

	== Origins ==		== Origins ==
	The earliest human settlers in Sri Lanka were likely peoples of the proto-Australoid group, perhaps akin to the indigenous hill peoples of southern India. Links with peoples from the Southeast Asian archipelago also are possible, Dewas (Daeva, the Iranian language term, shares the same origin of "Deva" of Indian mythology, later incorporated into Indian religions) are the first ever arrived Indo Arian people to the island speaking Prakrit languages in Pre Anuradapura period (543 BC–437 BC). They have the Indo-Scythians <ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hB5TCgAAQBAJ\|title=The Archaeology of South Asia: From the Indus to Asoka, c.6500 BCE–200 CE\|last1=Coningham\|first1=Robin\|last2=Young\|first2=Ruth\|date=2015-08-31\|publisher=Cambridge University Press\|isbn=9780521846974\|pages=60\|language=en}}</ref> (also called Indo-Sakas)<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Puri, B. N. \|title="The Sakas and Indo-Parthians." \|publisher=UNESCO Publishing \|pages=Puri, B. N. 1994. "The Sakas and Indo-Parthians." In: History of civilizations of Central Asia, Volume II. The development of sedentary and nomadic civilizations: 700 B.C. to A.D. 250. Harmatta, János, ed., 1994. Paris: UNESCO Publishing, pp 191–207}}</ref> origin. Indo-Scythians were a group of nomadic Iranian peoples of Saka and Scythian origin who migrated from Central Asia southward into northern and western South Asia from the middle of the 2nd century BCE to the 4th century CE to Indian subcontinent. According to Aaataanaata Sutta <ref>{{cite book \|title=The Long Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Digha Nikaya \|publisher=Wisdom Publications \|pages=471–478}}</ref> and Maha Samaya Sutta in Deeganikaya in Tripitaka, a sermon by Buddha himself, are carefully studied, true & accurate more information about Siw Hela (four parts of the island of Sri Lanka according to the tribes) Deva Hela, Yakkha Hela and Naaga Hela and Raksha hela.<ref name="isr">{{cite web \|title=The origins of the Sinhala Race \|url=http://www.island.lk/index.php?page_cat=article-details&page=article-details&code_title=131779 \|website=island.lk \|accessdate=9 December 2018 \|ref=islandSinhalaRace}}</ref>		The earliest human settlers in Sri Lanka were likely peoples of the proto-Australoid group, perhaps akin to the indigenous hill peoples of southern India. Links with peoples from the Southeast Asian archipelago also are possible, Dewas (Daeva, the Iranian language term, shares the same origin of "Deva" of Indian mythology, later incorporated into Indian religions) are the first ever arrived Indo Arian people to the island speaking Prakrit languages in Pre Anuradapura period (543 BC–437 BC). They have the Indo-Scythians <ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hB5TCgAAQBAJ\|title=The Archaeology of South Asia: From the Indus to Asoka, c.6500 BCE–200 CE\|last1=Coningham\|first1=Robin\|last2=Young\|first2=Ruth\|date=2015-08-31\|publisher=Cambridge University Press\|isbn=9780521846974\|pages=60\|language=en}}</ref> (also called Indo-Sakas)<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Puri, B. N. \|title="The Sakas and Indo-Parthians." \|publisher=UNESCO Publishing \|pages=Puri, B. N. 1994. "The Sakas and Indo-Parthians." In: History of civilizations of Central Asia, Volume II. The development of sedentary and nomadic civilizations: 700 B.C. to A.D. 250. Harmatta, János, ed., 1994. Paris: UNESCO Publishing, pp 191–207}}</ref> origin. Indo-Scythians were a group of nomadic Iranian peoples of Saka and Scythian origin who migrated from Central Asia southward into northern and western South Asia from the middle of the 2nd century BCE to the 4th century CE to Indian subcontinent. According to Aaataanaata Sutta <ref>{{cite book \|title=The Long Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Digha Nikaya \|publisher=Wisdom Publications \|pages=471–478}}</ref> and Maha Samaya Sutta in Deeganikaya in Tripitaka, a sermon by Buddha himself, are carefully studied, true & accurate more information about Siw Hela (four parts of the island of Sri Lanka according to the tribes) Deva Hela, Yakkha Hela and Naaga Hela and Raksha hela.<ref name="isr">{{cite web \|title=The origins of the Sinhala Race \|url=http://www.island.lk/index.php?page_cat=article-details&page=article-details&code_title=131779 \|website=island.lk \|accessdate=9 December 2018 \|ref=islandSinhalaRace}}</ref>
	~~[[File:Deva figure at Kotiyagala.jpg\|thumb\|right\|A figure of Dewa in Miella Kanda Ancient Caves at Kotiyagala]]~~

	== History ==		== History ==
	According to the Mahavamsa, Gautama Buddha met the Dewa people at Mahiyangana. Sumana Saman the king of the Dewa tribe invited Buddha to the Samanala Kanda. Gautama Buddha left his foot print on the rock at the top of the mountain as a token of symbolic worship, in the absence of the Buddha. Sumana Saman <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.lankalibrary.com/\| title=The Gods & Deity Worship in Sri Lanka\|accessdate=2010-06-28}}</ref> became a stream-entrant (Sotapanna) after listening to the Buddha, who gave him a handful of hairs with which he erected the Stupa at Mahiyangana. The history of Dewa people could be divide to Dewa tribe, Dewa clan, Dewa caste.		According to the Mahavamsa, Gautama Buddha met the Dewa people at Mahiyangana. Sumana Saman the king of the Dewa tribe invited Buddha to the Samanala Kanda. Gautama Buddha left his foot print on the rock at the top of the mountain as a token of symbolic worship, in the absence of the Buddha. Sumana Saman <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.lankalibrary.com/\| title=The Gods & Deity Worship in Sri Lanka\|accessdate=2010-06-28}}</ref> became a stream-entrant (Sotapanna) after listening to the Buddha, who gave him a handful of hairs with which he erected the Stupa at Mahiyangana. The history of Dewa people could be divide to Dewa tribe, Dewa clan, Dewa caste.
	~~[[File:Lord Buddha met Saman Dewa.jpg\|thumb\|left\|First visit of Buddha to Sri Lanka, met Saman Dewa]]~~

	== Dewa tribe (Pre history to 367 BC) ==		== Dewa tribe (Pre history to 367 BC) ==
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	The North Gate rock inscription in the ancient city of Polonnaruwa depicts the Govi Kula in its comparative rhetoric as the lowest extreme of society and goes on to say that anyone from such a low caste should never aspire to any high office (EZ II.164). The inscription says " ..raise ye to kingship a member of the Kshatriya families, not the other castes.........as much as the crow envies the swan's gait, the mule envies the Sindhu stallion, the earth worm envies the king cobra, the firefly the sun, the snipe the elephant, the jackal envies the lion,the Govi caste must never wish to ape Kings. No matter how powerful they may become, never look to Govi caste people as rulers......"		The North Gate rock inscription in the ancient city of Polonnaruwa depicts the Govi Kula in its comparative rhetoric as the lowest extreme of society and goes on to say that anyone from such a low caste should never aspire to any high office (EZ II.164). The inscription says " ..raise ye to kingship a member of the Kshatriya families, not the other castes.........as much as the crow envies the swan's gait, the mule envies the Sindhu stallion, the earth worm envies the king cobra, the firefly the sun, the snipe the elephant, the jackal envies the lion,the Govi caste must never wish to ape Kings. No matter how powerful they may become, never look to Govi caste people as rulers......"
	~~[[File:Caste system of bragmin.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Picture of ancient belief of creation of castes from Maha Brahma organs]]~~
	~~[[File:Stone slab at Polonnaruwa.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Stone slab inscription at Polonnaruwa]]~~

	== Degradation as a caste from clan, Dewa Caste (1258 AD - Present) ==		== Degradation as a caste from clan, Dewa Caste (1258 AD - Present) ==
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	Thus the development of the monarchy and the development of caste principle during this time transformed Sri Lanka into social organization which was based on caste. Thus the well organized Sinhalese Buddhist community was transformed into caste based new hierarchy when the Kandyan Era. While Vellalar caste became the top of Tamil caste system the shadow of Vellalar, the Sinhalese Govigama caste became the top of Sinhalese society.		Thus the development of the monarchy and the development of caste principle during this time transformed Sri Lanka into social organization which was based on caste. Thus the well organized Sinhalese Buddhist community was transformed into caste based new hierarchy when the Kandyan Era. While Vellalar caste became the top of Tamil caste system the shadow of Vellalar, the Sinhalese Govigama caste became the top of Sinhalese society.
	[[File:Kula bedaya from kalinga maga.jpg\|thumb\|right\|A photo showing criticism of Vedic Maha Brahma and Kandyan castes system. Caste groups origination from body parts of Brahma and Sri Lankan caste system is not parallel each other]]
	~~[[File:Kalinga Magha invation.jpg\|thumb\|left\|A map showing the Kalinga Magha invation]]~~

	== Developing caste system in Dabadeniya era ==		== Developing caste system in Dabadeniya era ==
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	At this point a Portuguese army was sent to Kandy under Dom João. The Portuguese captured Kandy very easily and made Dom Filipe (Yamasingha Bandara) the King of Kandy. He died after a few months and Konnapu Bandara was appointed to the King. Then he gave leadership and betrayed Portuguese and rebelled against them and made Kandyan Kingdom.		At this point a Portuguese army was sent to Kandy under Dom João. The Portuguese captured Kandy very easily and made Dom Filipe (Yamasingha Bandara) the King of Kandy. He died after a few months and Konnapu Bandara was appointed to the King. Then he gave leadership and betrayed Portuguese and rebelled against them and made Kandyan Kingdom.
	[[File:Robert knox in Kandyan kindom.jpg\|thumb\|right\|"Govigama man working with buffalo" Robert Knox in his book, (1641-1720) An Historical Relation of the Island Ceylon]]		[[File:Robert knox in Kandyan kindom.jpg\|thumb\|right\|"Govigama man working with buffalo" Robert Knox in his book, (1641-1720) An Historical Relation of the Island Ceylon]]
	~~[[File:Upper naked Kandyan Radala by Emerson Rennet.jpg\|thumb\|left\|"Upper naked Kandyan Radala guys" paint by Tennent's Ceylon, published in 1859]]~~

	== Developing caste system in Dutch rule ==		== Developing caste system in Dutch rule ==
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	Another character from Dewa caste in the British colonial period was Duenuge Edward Henry Pedris <ref name=DailyNews>{{cite web\|url=http://www.dailynews.lk/2003/07/07/fea05.html\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030714172205/http://www.dailynews.lk/2003/07/07/fea05.html\|title=The 88th death commemoration of the national hero Edward Henry Pedris \|archive-date=14 July 2003\|author=Dr. H. N. S. Karunatilake \| date=7 July 2003 \| work=Daily News, Sri Lanka \|access-date=7 July 2016}}</ref> (Sinhala: හෙන්රි පේද්රිස්; 16 August 1888 – 7 July 1915) was a Ceylonese militia officer and a prominent socialite. Pedris was executed for treason by the British Army under martial law during the 1915 Sinhalese-Muslim riots. Convicted in a three day Field General Court Martial under the terms of the Army Act, by passing the local legal system, his execution was viewed as unjust by the local population and a warning to local leaders. It hastened the movement toward independence, providing motivation and a martyr for those who pioneered the movement		Another character from Dewa caste in the British colonial period was Duenuge Edward Henry Pedris <ref name=DailyNews>{{cite web\|url=http://www.dailynews.lk/2003/07/07/fea05.html\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030714172205/http://www.dailynews.lk/2003/07/07/fea05.html\|title=The 88th death commemoration of the national hero Edward Henry Pedris \|archive-date=14 July 2003\|author=Dr. H. N. S. Karunatilake \| date=7 July 2003 \| work=Daily News, Sri Lanka \|access-date=7 July 2016}}</ref> (Sinhala: හෙන්රි පේද්රිස්; 16 August 1888 – 7 July 1915) was a Ceylonese militia officer and a prominent socialite. Pedris was executed for treason by the British Army under martial law during the 1915 Sinhalese-Muslim riots. Convicted in a three day Field General Court Martial under the terms of the Army Act, by passing the local legal system, his execution was viewed as unjust by the local population and a warning to local leaders. It hastened the movement toward independence, providing motivation and a martyr for those who pioneered the movement

	[[File:Gongalegoda-Banda or Sri Wickrama Sarwa Siddhi 1809-1849.jpg\|thumb\|1848 at the Matale rebellion against British rule led by Gongalegoda Banda of Dewa caste was crowned by the head monk of Dambulla, Ven. Giranegama Thera as "Sri Wickrama Subha Sarva Siddhi Rajasinghe" who now consider as a national hero and most probably the last king of Sri Lanka]]
	~~[[File:The Matale Rebillion.jpg\|thumb\|middle]]~~
	[[File:Edword Henry Pedris the hero of Dewa caste.jpg\|thumb\|left\|A stamp with the figure of Edward Henry Pedris]]		[[File:Edword Henry Pedris the hero of Dewa caste.jpg\|thumb\|left\|A stamp with the figure of Edward Henry Pedris]]

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