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← Older revision		Revision as of 03:10, 14 August 2023
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	\|ethnicity=[[Indian people\|Indian]]}}		\|ethnicity=[[Indian people\|Indian]]}}

	~~{{Portal\|Tamils\|India\|Hinduism}}~~

	'''Desikar''', '''Desigar''' or '''Pandaram''' is a [[Tamil language\|Tamil]]-speaking pandaram community from the [[Indian state]]s of [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Kerala]]. They are particularly priests and land owners. {{citation needed\|date=December 2022}}		'''Desikar''', '''Desigar''' or '''Pandaram''' is a [[Tamil language\|Tamil]]-speaking pandaram community from the [[Indian state]]s of [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Kerala]]. They are particularly priests and land owners. {{citation needed\|date=December 2022}}

Ajay Kumar: Added citation

2023-07-23T14:38:44Z

Added citation

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>Kudarathwatte at 11:26, 1 October 2021

2021-10-01T11:26:34Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{infobox caste
| caste_name =Desikar
| caste_name_in_local =
| image =
| caption = <small>[[Siva prakasar]] • [[Dhandapani desikar]] • [[Velaiyar]]• [[l|Vednata desikar]]</small>
| classification = [[Scholars]], [[Landlords]]
| subdivisions =
| country =
| region = [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Malaysia]], [[Singapore]], [[Burma]]
| languages = [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Sinhalese Language|Sinhala]]
| religions = Saiva Siddhantam, [[Hinduism]], [[Siam Nikaya]] [[Buddhism]]
| related =
}}
'''Desikar''' or '''Desigar''' or '''Pandaram''' is a [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-speaking [[Veerashaiva|Veerasaiva]] community from the [[Indian state]]s of [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Kerala]]. The Sinhalisation of Pandaram as Bandara in the Kandyan provinces in [[Sri Lanka]]. They are particularly priests and land owners.

==Origin of Desikar==

The Desikar community is a very ancient one which promotes the [[Shaivism|Saivite]] religion. This community especially focuses on Lingayatham, Saiva Siddhanta and Thirumurai.
The caste Desikar or [[Desigar]] is derived from the word pandram meaning "sage" in [[Tamil language|Tamil]].
There are different theories concerning the meaning of the word Pandaram.
The caste Pandaram comprises two divisions, [[Abhisheka]] and Desikar.
But the later name Desikar as taken as a back title.

==Dhikshai process==
Those who lead a celibate life wear lingam. They became Saivas by getting Dhikshai.

*"Samaya"
*"Nirvana, Visesha"
*"Kala sothanai"
*"Abhishekam"

are the few stages of Dhikshai practice.

Few of them are temple servants, supply flowers for God, Sings hymns in temple.
So, they used to be called ''Meikaval'' (Bodyguard of the God) and Oduvar (reader).

==Divisions in Pandaram==
Desikar is a sub-division of community known as 'Pandaram'.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Erin3nkU3ZUC&q=desikar+caste&pg=PA46|title=Castes and Tribes of Southern India|last1=Thurston|first1=Edgar|last2=Rangachari|first2=K.|date=2001|publisher=Asian Educational Services|isbn=9788120602885|pages=46|language=en}}</ref>{{Better source|reason=too old|date=July 2012}} The Pandarathar caste is composed of respectable people. The name ''pandaram'' means valuable storing place of jewels, navarathnas stored in the temples and palaces, they are placed to maintain the jewels of temples and palaces. They are Land holders, Traders, Sanyasis (monk), Priests (guru) and Managers of richly endowed temples.

These managers are commonly called ''Thambiran''. They are all vegetarians and staunch believers of Saiva Siddantha.

Abhisheka Pandaram has to pass through few ceremonies related to Saiva Agama.

The Mendigate Pandarams, recruited from a few other classes, wear the lingam but do not abstain from eating flesh.

The Lingayat pandaram are known as Lingayats.

The latter respect their [[Jangam]] and used the sacred water, in which the feet of the [[Jangam]] are washed, for washing their stone lingam.

Some of the sub-castes of the predominant Desikar community are
* Desikar- head of mutt
* Abhisheka - person who do pooja in temple and mutt.
* Oduvar - the reader who sing thirumurai in temple and mutt.
* Meikaval - the staff or worker in temple or mutt.
* thambiran - managers of mutt.

==Distribution==
The community is distributed throughout [[Tamil Nadu]] and also in [[Kerala]], [[Malaysia]], [[Sri Lanka]] and [[Singapore]]. However, they form a significant proportion of population in the southern districts of [[Tamil Nadu]]. The Sinhalised Pandarams of Bandara families live in the Kandyan areas of central Sri Lanka.

==Marriage and their customs==

They do not mingle with other castes by marriage; but some do marry from other castes like Saiva Vellalars and other Vellalar sub caste. In Sri Lanka the Kandyan Bandaras marry with Govigama caste parallel to the Vellalars

==Bandara Families in Sri Lanka==
Bandâra is name used in Sri Lanka specially in the Kandyan areas. They appeared in Sri Lankan history after 13 century on words. They migrated from Kerala and Tamilnadu to serve in Katharagama and Paththini Devalayams as priests. Under rule of the Nayaks of Kandy from Madurei Nayak Dynasty, Bandara name used by some court officers and common people [[Radala]] and Gattara castes.

==List of Adheenam / Mutts in Tamil Nadu==

* Velakurichi Adheenam
* Mailam Bommapuram Adheenam<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/Large-turnout-of-devotees-at-Masi-Magam-festival/article14728864.ece|title=Large turnout of devotees at Masi Magam festival|date=2007-03-04|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-04-24|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref><nowiki> {{Cite </nowiki>http://murugan.org/temples/mailam.htm<nowiki> }}</nowiki></ref>
* [[Thiruvaduthurai Adheenam]],<ref>{{Cite book|title=A short history of the Thiruvavaduthurai Adheenam of Thirukkailaya Parambarai.|last=Ātīn̲am|first=Tiruvāvaṭutur̲ai|date=1970|publisher=Adheenam|location=Thiruvavaduthurai|ol = 4080364M}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://paadal-petra-sthalangal.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default?orderby=updated|title=paadal-petra-sthalangal|website=paadal-petra-sthalangal.blogspot.com|access-date=2018-04-24}}</ref>
* Sivagiri Adheenam
* Perur Veera saiva Adheenam<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://picasaweb.google.com/112019630256157025471/PhotoGallery?gsessionid=IRYll4oqFNHaou-QSRQugw|title=Album Archive|website=picasaweb.google.com|language=en|access-date=2018-04-24}}</ref>
* Thiruvannamalai-Kundrakudi Adheenam <ref>http://www.desipad.com/india-news/22591-head-kundrakudi-thiruvannamalai-mutt-escapes-unhurt-accident.html</ref>
* Suriyanarkoil Adheenam
* [[Thiruppanandal Adheenam]]<ref>http://www.chron.com/business/press-releases/article/53-Prominent-Hindu-Organizations-Pass-Resolution-3575028.php</ref>
*Madurai Adheenam
* Senkol Adheenam,
* Thuzhavoor Adheenam,
* Kamakshipuri Adheenam
* Pollachi Adheenam
* Dindigul sivapuram adheenam
* AvaduthuRai Adeenam<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://murugan.org/temples/index.htm#.UJnzO2criSo|title=Murugan Temple Directory|website=murugan.org|access-date=2018-04-24}}</ref>
* [[Dharmapuram Adheenam]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bhakthibooks.info/index.php?act=viewCat&catId=6|title=bhakthibooks.info (Powered by CubeCart)|website=www.bhakthibooks.info|access-date=2018-04-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indiankanoon.org/doc/58794155/|title=Arulmigu Vaithianathaswamy ... vs The Hindu Religious And ... on 6 January, 2012|website=indiankanoon.org|access-date=2018-04-24}}</ref>

==List of Veera Savia Mutts in Tamil Nadu==
* Kumbakonam Veera Saiva mutt,
* Perur (coimbatore) Veera Saiva mutt,
* Maiylam veera Saiva Mutt ( chennai to pondichery road)

==Desikar Mutts in brief ==

The pioneer who established Adheenam (Mutts, Dynasty) are known as "Desikar" or "Desikar Paramacharya", ''pontiff'' in English. Most of the pontiffs are Brahamacharis maintains celibacy. Only a few became Samsaris. So only few mutts followed the successive pontiff by lineage. But most of the Adheenam select the pontiff by "Guru Shishya Parambara". Ancient Tamil history pronounces that Saivaite religion or sector doesn't have the casteism. After the invasion of the other races, casteism dominate a prominent role in the Saivaite unknowingly. so. the successive pontiffs are selected or elected from the so-called various communities. Hence few of the mutts only at the hands of Desika Paramacharya lineage.

===Velakurichi Adeenam===
Tamil Nadu is pronominally a traditional State. Here are several important and noteworthy Temples apart from Math’s. Hindu Religious Charitable Endowment Department Regulate and control most of these temples through its administration. A Temple is an institution of prehistoric antiquity, having continuity of existence through centuries and through many political upheavals in the land. Temple have played prominent role in the history, not only in the promotion of religion but also in the promotion of social and cultural life of the people. The Law of Karma and Re-incarnation Aim of life to realize God is the major belief of Hinduism.

It is one among the various institutions spreading the message of Hinduism for many centuries in south India. The founder of the velakurichi Mutt is Sathyagnana Desika Deerga Dharsinigal. He descended from ‘God Siva’ one Sri Kandaparamasivam. The Velakurichi mutt was founded in the 15th century on the banks of Thamirabarani River in Velakurichi village, a part of Ambasamudram Taluk, Thirunelvely District.

The peculiarity of the mutt, as distinct from the other mutts is, a ‘Grahastha – Sanyasi’ managing the mutt, where as the Heads of the other mutts like Thiruvaduthurai Adheenam, Kanchipuram Adheenam and Dharmapuram Adheenam are pure ‘Naistiga – Sanyasis’. By custom in succession the Velakurichi Adheenam, controls and supervise the four famous temples viz,

The adheenam is the hereditary trustee of Five temples in Thanjavur District

* Agniswarar Temple, Thiruppugalur
* Utharapatheswarar Temple, Thiruchenkattankudy
* Meganatha Swami Temple, Thirumeeyachur
* Thiyagaraja Swami Temple of Abhiseka Kattalai
* Annadhana Kattalai, Thiruvarur

===Thuzhavoor Adheenam===
{{transl|ta|Sri La Sri Gnanaprakasha desiga swamigal is current thuzhavoor aheenam}}

==Notables==
===Tamil literature===
* [[Kambar (poet)]] , belongs to uvacha sect of pandaram caste
*[[Perur Santhalinga Swamigal]], Spiritual Writer , Sidhar (Monk with spiritual powers)
*[[T. V. Sadasiva Pandarathar]] , Archeologist, Tamil Historian
*[[Kumara Swamy Desikar]], saiva spiritual writer
*[[Velaiyar]], Eminent Tamil poet
*[[Karunai Prakasar]], saiva spiritual writer

===Music===
*[[Dandapani Desikar]]<ref>http://www.hummaa.com/music/artist/m-m-dhandapani-desikar/22139</ref>

===Arts and cinema===
*[[Dandapani Desikar|MM Dandapani Desigar]] a noted musical scholar <ref name="TheHindu-MMDesigar">
[http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2007062950710300.htm&date=2007/06/29/&prd=fr&] — The Hindu Newspaper-MM Dhandapani Desigar-True proponent of Tamil Isai</ref>
*[[Aparna Pillai]], actress

==External links==
*[http://lingayatreligion.com/LingayatBasics/Jangama.htm Lingayat's Unique Symbol for Alimighty, Supreme GOD - Lingam and Jangam Guru ]
*[[Jangam|Jangam Lingayat Pandaram]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Desikar (Community)}}
[[Category:Tamil society]]
[[Category:Social groups of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tamil diaspora in Asia]]
[[Category:Indian castes]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:10, 14 August 2023
Line 21:		Line 21:
	\|ethnicity=[[Indian people\|Indian]]}}		\|ethnicity=[[Indian people\|Indian]]}}

	~~{{Portal\|Tamils\|India\|Hinduism}}~~

	'''Desikar''', '''Desigar''' or '''Pandaram''' is a [[Tamil language\|Tamil]]-speaking pandaram community from the [[Indian state]]s of [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Kerala]]. They are particularly priests and land owners. {{citation needed\|date=December 2022}}		'''Desikar''', '''Desigar''' or '''Pandaram''' is a [[Tamil language\|Tamil]]-speaking pandaram community from the [[Indian state]]s of [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Kerala]]. They are particularly priests and land owners. {{citation needed\|date=December 2022}}

Desikar - Revision history

MarlysAugust8: Improved wording and formatting

CleanupBot II: Removed empty portal template using script

Ajay Kumar: Added citation

>Kudarathwatte at 11:26, 1 October 2021