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{{for|2017 Indian film|Raag Desh (film)}}
{{Infobox raga
| name = Desh
| image_name =
| image_alt =
| thaat = [[Khamaj (thaat)|Khamaj]]
| type = Audava-sampurna
| time = Late night, 12–3
| season =
| arohana = Ni Sa Re, Ma Pa Ni, Sa
| avarohana = Sa ni Dha, Pa Dha Ma Ga Re, Pa Ma Ga, Re Ga Ni Sa
| vadi = Re
| samavadi = Pa
| pakad = Re, Ma Pa Ni, Sa Re ni Dha Pa, ma Ga Re
| chalan =
| synonym = [[Khamaj]]
| equivalent =
| similar = {{ubl|[[Sarang (raga)|Sarang]]|[[Sorath (raga)|Sorath]]}}
}}
{{Hindustani Classical Music}}
'''Desh''' or '''Des''' is a [[Hindustani classical music]] [[raga]]<ref name="samarth">{{cite book|last1=Nagarkar|first1=Samarth|title=Raga Sangeet: Understanding Hindustani Classical Vocal Music|date=27 August 2015|isbn=978-1619273672}}</ref><ref name="journal">{{cite journal|last1=Katte|first1=Trupti|title=Multiple Techniques for Raga Identification in Indian|journal=International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Engineering|date=10 June 2013|volume=4|issue=6|url=http://www.ijecce.org/Download/conference/NCRTCST-2/19NCRTCST-13032.pdf|access-date=17 July 2017}}</ref> which belongs to the [[Khamaj]] [[thaat]].<ref name="raganidhi">{{Cite book|title = Raganidhi: A Comparative Study Of Hindustani And Karnatak Ragas. Volume Two (D to J)|last = Rao|first = B.Subba|publisher = The Music Academy|year = 1996|location = Madras|pages = 6–7}}</ref> This is raga is very similar to raga [[Khamaj]].

== Technical description ==
The raga is of audava-sampurna nature, i.e., in its [[arohana]] (ascent) only five notes are used, whereas the [[avarohana]] (descent) uses all the seven notes.
Shuddha Ni is used in the arohana, while Komal Ni (represented as ni below) is used in avarohana. All other swaras are shuddha.
* Arohana: Ni Sa Re, Ma Pa Ni, Sa.
* Avarohana: Sa ni Dha, Pa Dha Ma Ga Re, Pa Ma Ga, Re Ga Ni Sa.
*[[Pakad]]: Re, Ma Pa Ni, Sa Re ni Dha Pa, ma Ga Re
* The [[Vadi (music)|vadi]] swara is Re

The ascent in this raga is a step by step [[pentatonic]] movement which goes like this: Sa, Re, Ma Pa, Ni Sa’.<ref name="journal2">{{cite journal|last1=Mathur|first1=Avantika|last2=Vijayakumar|first2=Suhas|last3=Chakravarti|first3=Bhismadev|last4=Singh|first4=Nandini|title=Emotional responses to Hindustani raga music: the role of musical structure|journal=Frontiers in Psychology|volume=6|pages=513|date=30 April 2015|doi=10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00513|pmid=25983702|pmc=4415143}}</ref>

Samayam (Time): The raga is to be sung during the second quarter of the night (9PM to 12AM).<ref name="raganidhi" />

Re is very prominent, quite a few times the singer rests on Re, making it a centre to the melody. The [[Meend]] from Ma to Re via Ga is one of the most vital features of the raga. The arohana via shuddha Ni, and the transition from Re to komal Ni in the avarohana form an important part of the melodies in this raga. Further, Desh is quite close to neighboring ragas like [[Tilak Kamod]], and hence requires skillful rendition to separate itself.

==Prominent Songs==
Desh has been used in a few patriotic compositions. [[Vande Mataram]], the national song of India, is the most well-known. The popular old [[Doordarshan]] video ''Baje Sargam'', that featured many respected Indian classical singers, is also based on Desh.

=== Rabindrasangeet based on the raga ===
{{unreferenced section|date=August 2018}}
The polymath and Nobel laureate, [[Rabindranath Tagore]], had very often used [[Hindustani Classical Music]] and [[Carnatic Classical Music]] in his songs ([[Rabindrasangeet]]). The songs based on this raga Des are listed below:
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* Aachhe Tomar Bidye Sadhhi
* Aaj Taaler Boner Karotaali
* Aaji Mor Dware Kahar
* Aamader Sokhire Ke Niye
* Aamar E Ghore Aaponar
* Aamar Je Sob Dite Hobe
* Aamar Satya Mithya Sakoli
* Aami Jene Shune Bish
* Aar Rekho Na Aandhare
* Anek Diner Aamar Je Gaan
* Anek Kotha Bolechilem
* Animesh Aankhi Sei Ke De
* Dekhaye De Kotha Aachhe
* Dhoroni Dure Cheye Keno
* Dnaarao Maatha Khaao
* Duare Dao More Rakhia
* E Bharote Raakho Nityo
* Ebaar Bujhi Bholar Bela
* Ebaar To Jouboner Kachhe
* Ebaar Ujaar Kore Lowo He
* Ei Lobhinu Songo Tabo
* Ei Shrabon Bela Badol Jhora
* Emon Dine Taare Bola Jaay
* Eso Aamar Ghore
* Eso Shyamalosundaro
*Gagoner Thale Robi Chandra
* Gahonraate Shrabondhara
* Garob Mamo Horechho Prob
* Haay Ke Dibe Aar Santona
* Hey Bidesi Eso Eso
* Jaag Jaag Re Jaag Sangeet
* Je Din Sakol Mukul
* Jeyo Na Jeyo Na Phire
* Jhore Jaay Ure Jaay Go
* Jodi Holo Jaabar Kshon
* Keno Raaja Daakis Keno
* Knaadale Tumi More
* Knaapiche Deholota
* Kotha Hote Baaje Prembedona
* Kothaay Aalo Kothaay Ore
* Kshomite Parilam Na Je
* Naa Naa Kaaj Nai Jeyo Naa
* Ogo Sundar Ekada Ki Jaani
* Probhu Khelechhi Aanek
* Puruser Bidya Korechinu
* Se Aase Dhire
* Shrabano Borisano Paar
* Shrabonmegher Aadhek
* Sokhi Lo Sokhi Lo
* Taai Tomar Ananda Aamar
* Taare Dekhate Paari Ne
* Tomari Tore Maa Sopinu
* Toper Taper Baadhon Katu
* Tumi Chhere Chhile Bhule
* Utol Dhara Badol Jhore
{{div col end}}

== Carnatic Compositions ==
''Vikasita Pankaja'' by [[Kalyani Varadarajan]]

==Film Songs==
* Sanware ke rang ranchi (Movie: Meera (1979), Composer: Ravi Shankar, Singer: Vani Jayaram)
* Megharagam (movie: Kakkakkuyil (Malayalam) (2001), Composer: Deepan Chatterjee, Singer: K.S. Chitra)
*Mayilay Parannu Va (Mayilpeelikkavu) (Malayalam) (1998)
*Aap Ko Pyar Chupane Ki Buri Adat Hai (Neela Akash) (Hindi) (1965)
* Kesariya Balama (movie: Lekin 1991, Composer: Hridaynath Mangeshkar, Singer: Lata Mangeshkar
* Mora Sainyan Toh Hai Pardes (Movie: Bandit Queen 1994), Composer & Singer: Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan
* Gori Tore Nain (Movie: Main Suhagan Hoon 1964), Composer:Lachhiram, Singer: Asha Bhosle and Mohammad Rafi
* Thandee Thandee Savan Kee Phuhar (Jaagte Raho 1956), Composer: Salil Chowdhary, Singer: Asha Bhosle
* Orupushpam Mathram (Pareeksha 1967), Composer: MS Baburaj, Singer: KJ Yesudas
* Kaarvarnane - Johnson Master https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rzhZMRamCYI
* Agar Tum Saath ho, Composer: AR Rahman, Singers: Alka yagnik, Arjith Singh
* Sarfaroshi ki tamanna ab humare dil mein hai (Movie: The legend of bhagat Singh (2002), Composer: A. R. Rahman, Singer: Sonu Nigam)
===Language:[[Tamil language|Tamil]]===
{| class="wikitable"
!Song
!Movie
!Composer
!Singer
|-
|Premayil yavum Marandenae
|[[Sakuntalai]]
|Thuraiyur Rajagopala Sharma
|[[M. S. Subbulakshmi]], [[G. N. Balasubramaniam]]
|-
|Mangiyathor Nilavinile
|[[Thirumanam]]
|[[S. M. Subbaiah Naidu]], [[T. G. Lingappa]]
|[[T. M. Soundararajan|T.M.Soundararajan]]
|-
|Sindhu Nadhiyin
|[[Kai Koduttha Dheivam]]
|[[Viswanathan Ramamoorthy]]
|[[T. M. Soundararajan|T.M.Soundararajan]], [[L. R. Eswari|L.R.Eswari]] & [[J. V. Raghavulu|J.V.Raghavulu]]
|-
|Thunbam Nergaiyil Yaazhedutthu
|[[Or Iravu]]
|[[R. Sudarsanam]]
|[[M. S. Rajeswari]],V. J. Varma
|-
|Gopiyar Konjum Ramana
|[[Thirumal Perumai]]
|rowspan=3|[[K. V. Mahadevan]]
|[[T. M. Soundararajan]]
|-
|Naan Unnai Ninaikkaatha
|[[Paavai Vilakku]]
|[[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Ondra Iranda
|[[Selvam (1966 film)|Selvam]]
|rowspan=2|[[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Androru Naal
|[[Nadodi]]
|rowspan="2"|[[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|-
|Idhuthan Mudhal Rathiri
|[[Oorukku Uzhaippavan]]
|[[K.J. Yesudas]], [[Vani Jairam]]
|-
|Muththamizhil Paada
|[[Melnaattu Marumagal]]
|[[Kunnakudi Vaidyanathan]]
|[[Vani Jairam]]
|-
|Vizhiyil Pudhu Kavithai
|[[Theertha Karaiyinile]]
|rowspan="7"|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|rowspan=2|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Nee Oru Kadhal Sangeetham(Raga Shudha sarang touches)
|[[Nayakan]]
|-
|Onakena Thaane Innerama
|Ponnu ooruku puthusu
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]],Sarala
|-
|Poonguyil Ponmalaiyil
|Thazhuvatha Kaigal
|[[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Kanner Thuzhi
|[[Raja Kaiya Vacha]]
|[[K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
|Deivangal
|[[Pudhiya Raagam]]
|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Orancharam(charanam only)
|[[Kakkai Siraginilae]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
|Kanave Kalaiyadhe
|[[Kannedhirey Thondrinal]]
|rowspan="3"|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|[[P. Unnikrishnan]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Indhu Maha Samudrame
(Ragamalika:Desh, [[Sahana (raga)|Sahana]])
|[[Mannava (film)|Mannava]]
|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Nilladi Endradhu
|[[Kaalamellam Kaathiruppen]]
|rowspan="2"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Itho Intha Nenjodu
|[[Good Luck (2000 film)|Good Luck]]
|Manoj Bhatnaghar
|-
|Kadhal Vandicho
|[[Yai! Nee Romba Azhaga Irukke!]]
|Raaghav-Raja
|[[Shankar Mahadevan]]
|-
|Adi Kadhal Oru Kannil
|[[Doubles (2000 film)|Doubles]]
|[[Srikanth Deva]]
|[[P. Unnikrishnan]], [[Harini (singer)|Harini]]
|-
|Noothana
|[[Karka Kasadara]]
|Prayog
|[[Harish Raghavendra]], [[Chinmayi]]
|-
|Ulagil Yentha Kathal
|[[Naadodigal]]
|[[Sundar C Babu]]
|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
|Kalathara
|[[Vegam (2007 film)|Vegam]]
|[[Rajhesh Vaidhya]]
|[[P. Unnikrishnan]],Anuradha Sekhar
|-
|Maruvaarthai
|[[Enai Noki Paayum Thota]]
|[[Darbuka Siva]]
|[[Sid Sriram]]
|-
|Varalaama
|[[Sarvam Thaala Mayam]]
|[[Rajiv Menon]](Orchestration by [[A. R. Rahman]])
|[[Sriram Parthasarathy]]
|-
|Mannamaganin Sathiyam(Dwijavanthi traces)
|[[Kochadaiiyaan]]
|rowspan="3"|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|[[Haricharan]], [[Latha Rajinikanth]]
|-
|Singappenney(Female portion only)
|[[Bigil]]
|[[A. R. Rahman]], [[Shashaa Tirupati]]
|-
|Alli Arjuna(Ragamalika)
|[[Kaaviya Thalaivan (2014 film)|Kaaviya Thalaivan]]
|[[Haricharan]], [[Bela Shende]], [[Srimathumitha]]
|-
|Yethanai Yethanai
|[[Ji (film)|Ji]]
|[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|Shankar Sampoke
|-
|Naana Yaar Idhu
|[[Ninaithu Ninaithu Parthen]]
|[[Joshua Sridhar]]
|[[Sadhana Sargam]]
|-
|Naanaagiya Nadhimoolamae
|[[Vishwaroopam II]]
|[[Ghibran]]
|[[Kamal Haasan]], [[Kaushiki Chakraborty]],Master Karthik Suresh Iyer
|-
|Unkoodave Porakkanum
|[[Namma Veettu Pillai]]
|[[D. Imman]]
|[[Sid Sriram]], [[Shashaa Tirupati]]
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.soundofindia.com/raaga_details.asp?raaga=28 Raaga details from Sounds of India]
* [http://www.sawf.org/newedit/edit10012001/musicarts.asp Article on Des from South Asian Women's Forum]
* [http://chandrakantha.com/raga_raag/film_song_raga/desh.shtml Film songs in Desh]
* [http://www.chandrakantha.com/raga_raag/desh/desh.html About Desh on Chandrakantha]

{{Rāgas as per Performance Time}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Desh (Raga)}}
[[Category:Hindustani ragas]]

Desh (raga) - Revision history

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