AuroraMackellar: fix lead for consistency and improved wording for consistency

2026-02-28T01:11:52Z

fix lead for consistency and improved wording for consistency

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article

2023-08-30T03:27:05Z

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{{Short description|Species of fish}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Speciesbox
| image =File:Sahyadria denisonii school.jpg
| status = EN
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 18 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Ali, A. |author2=Raghavan, R. |author3=Dahanukar, N. |date=2015 |title=''Sahyadria denisonii'' |volume=2015 |page=e.T169662A70082469 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-1.RLTS.T169662A70082469.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}</ref>
| taxon = Sahyadria denisonii
| authority = ([[Francis Day|F. Day]], 1865)
| synonyms =
* ''Labeo denisonii'' F. Day, 1865
* ''Barbus denisonii'' (F. Day, 1865)
* ''Crossocheilus denisonii'' (F. Day, 1865)
* ''Puntius denisonii'' (F. Day, 1865)
}}
[[File:Pdenisonii.jpg|thumb|250px|right]][[File:Cyprinidae Sahyadria denisonii 1.2.jpg|thumb]]
The '''Denison barb''', '''Denison's barb''', '''Miss Kerala''', '''red-line torpedo barb''', or '''roseline shark''' ('''''Sahyadria denisonii''''') is an endangered [[species]] of [[cyprinid]] [[fish]] [[Endemism|endemic]] to the fast-flowing hill streams and rivers of the [[Western Ghats]] in [[India]].<ref name=fishbase>{{FishBase species |genus= Sahyadria|species= denisonii| month = October | year = 2013}}</ref><ref>Raghavan, R., Philip, S., Ali, A. & Dahanukar, N. (2013): [http://www.threatenedtaxa.org/ZooPrintJournal/2013/November/o367326xi134932-4938.pdf ''Sahyadria'', a new genus of barbs (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from Western Ghats of India.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202230040/http://www.threatenedtaxa.org/ZooPrintJournal/2013/November/o367326xi134932-4938.pdf |date=2013-12-02 }} ''Journal of Threatened Taxa, 5 (15): 4932-4938.''</ref> It is commonly seen in the [[aquarium]] trade; pet collection caused it to become endangered and is its single major threat.<ref name="iucn status 18 November 2021" /><ref name=seriouslyfish>Seriously Fish: ''[http://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/puntius-denisonii/ Sahyadria denisonii.]'' Retrieved 26 June 2014.</ref><ref>Sajan,S (2017): [https://www.lap-publishing.com/catalog/details//store/gb/book/978-3-330-04212-4/life-history-traits-of-an-endangered-barb Life History traits of an Endangered barb]</ref>

==Physical characteristics==
[[File:Barbus denisonii Day 143.jpg|thumb]]
The fish is characterized by a torpedo-shaped body with silver scales, a red line running from their snout, through the eye, back towards the middle of the body; and below the red line, a black line that runs the length of the fish to the tail. As they mature, a distinctive green/blue marking on top of the head develops. This species reputedly reaches a length of {{convert|15|cm|in}} [[fish measurement|TL]],<ref name=fishbase/> but typically will only reach {{convert|9|-|11|cm|in}}.<ref name=seriouslyfish/> They are active shoaling fishes.<ref name=seriouslyfish/>

The species was described by [[Francis Day]] and named after Sir [[William Denison]].<ref>{{cite journal|url= https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28497236| journal=Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London | year=1865| title=On the fishes of Cochin, on the Malabar Coast of India. Part II. Anacanthini| pages=286–318 |author=Day, F.}}</ref>

==Habitat and threats==
Denison barb is endemic to the [[Achenkovil]], [[Pamba River|Pamba]] and [[Chaliyar River|Chaliyar]] rivers. Specifically, they are found in four locations — Cheenkannipuzha (a major tributary of Valapattanam River), the Achankovil river, the Chaliyar river and near [[Mundakayam]] town.<ref name="hindu.com">{{cite news | last=Mathew | first=Dennis Marcus | title='Miss Kerala' gets a protective shield | newspaper=The Hindu | date=1 February 2010 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/lsquoMiss-Keralarsquo-gets-a-protective-shield/article15976367.ece | access-date=18 January 2020}}</ref> The [[species]] has an estimated range of {{convert|8805|km2|abbr=on}}. ''S. denisonii'' is a [[benthopelagic]] species that is gregarious and [[shoals]] are known to occur in rocky pools with thick vegetation along their banks. They thrive in a [[subtropical]] climate in water with a 6.8–7.8 [[pH]], a water hardness of 5–25 [[dGH]] and a temperature range of {{convert|65|to|79|F|C|abbr=on}}.

As reported by [[Practical Fishkeeping]] in January 2009, new research by team of scientists from India suggests that the species is being [[over-exploited]] for the aquarium trade, potentially placing it at risk of extinction.<ref>Practical Fishkeeping(11 January 2009), Kerala government bans fishing for this species.{{cite web |url=http://www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk/content.php?sid=1905 |title=Kerala government bans fishing for Puntius denisonii | News | Practical Fishkeeping |access-date=2010-11-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605090314/http://www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk/content.php?sid=1905 |archive-date=2011-06-05 }}</ref> In spite of being listed as [[endangered]] by local assessment reports<ref>Molur, S. and Walker, S., Report of the workshop on ‘Conservation Assessment and Management Plan for Fresh Water Fishes of India’, Zoo Outreach Organization and NBFGR, Lucknow, 1998,p. 156.</ref> the fish had been promoted as an 'export item' by several government agencies. The population structure, age, growth, mortality and harvest intensity in the [[Valapattanam River]] was studied and suggests that the species is being over-exploited.<ref>SAJAN,S., T.V. ANNA MERCY AND V. MALIKA,Asian Fisheries Science 28 (2015):130-142, http://www.asianfisheriessociety.org/publication/abstract.php?id=1082</ref>

The fish was most likely collected and exported out of India in 1996. In 1997, it won the third prize at 'Aquarama 1997' (world exhibition on Ornamental fish) under the 'New Species Category'.<ref>Raghavan, R. et al., Aquat. Conserv: March Freshwater Res., 2009, 19, 67–74.</ref> By 2007-08 it constituted about 60- 65% of the total live ornamental fish exported from India which was worth US$1.54 million. Though the Government of Kerala banned the fishing and export of the endangered barb, it is yet to be listed under the National Wildlife Protection Act. The golden form of this Denison barb is extinct from the wild but few Aquarium hobbyists have it in their collection.

==In the aquarium==
This fish is a relatively new addition to the fish keeping hobby. The Denison's barb is a schooling fish that is usually kept in groups. It tends to be peaceful but some have been known to be slightly aggressive around food, especially if kept in less space than they require. They eat [[Glycera (genus)|bloodworms]], [[shrimp]], meat, fish flake and some vegetation. A similar fish, ''[[Sahyadria chalakkudiensis]]'' is sometimes confused with this fish, but it is a larger, less colourful and a more aggressive species.

==Breeding==
Over the years many efforts have been made to breed this rapidly depleting species in captivity, initially with limited success. In 2009, success came from the work carried out at the Fisheries College, Kerala by Bony Joseph. Breeding efforts have also been carried out by [[Chester Zoo]] and two amateur fish-lovers from [[Chennai]] (India), Venkatesh and Murali.<ref name="hindu.com"/> These efforts may pave the way for standardizing the process and would be a major boost to conservation and the ornamental fish trade in India. Large numbers are now being bred in captivity at commercial facilities.<ref name=seriouslyfish/><ref>T. V. Anna Mercy, S. Sajan, V. Malika (2015) [http://epubs.icar.org.in/ejournal/index.php/IJF/article/view/29182 Captive breeding and developmental biology of Sahyadria denisonii (Day 1865) (Cyprinidae), an endangered fish of the Western Ghats, India.] Indian Journal of Fisheries 62(2).</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of freshwater aquarium fish species]]
*[[Indian Fish Breeds List]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
*{{cite web
|author = Clarke, Matt
|title = The Red lined torpedo, Puntius denisonii (with details on an imposter species P. chalakudiensis)
|work = Practical Fishkeeping
|url = http://www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk/pfk/pages/show_article.php?article_id=137
|access-date = 19 April 2004
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20040529222209/http://www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk/pfk/pages/show_article.php?article_id=137
|archive-date = 29 May 2004
}}

==External links==

*[https://archive.today/20130123042140/http://www.fishesninverts.com/blog/index.php?p=168 Puntius denisonii breeding - Photos of Puntius denisonii’s epic journey from egg to hatchling, from www.fishesninverts.com]
*[http://www.fishbase.org/Photos/ThumbnailsSummary.php?ID=24148 Photos at Fishbase]
*[http://indianaquariumhobbyist.com/community/modules.php?name=Forums&file=viewtopic&t=6785&highlight=denisonii Madan Subramanian at Bangalore, India]
*[http://www.fishforums.com/forum/profile-article-discussions/15354-puntius-denisonii-progress.html Puntius denisonii fish profile and detailed photos on fishforums.com]
* Threatened freshwater fish fall through net of mismanaged aquarium pet trade ([[IUCN]]) [http://www.iucnredlist.org/news/threatened-freshwater-fish-fall-through-net-of-mismanaged-aquarium-pet-trade]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q247277}}

[[Category:Sahyadria]]
[[Category:Freshwater fish of India]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of the Western Ghats]]
[[Category:Fish described in 1865]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Francis Day]]
[[Category:Species endangered by the pet trade]]

Denison barb - Revision history

AuroraMackellar: fix lead for consistency and improved wording for consistency

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article