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Demographics of the Madras Presidency - Revision history
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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}<br />
[[File:1911Census.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Census superintendent and enumerators in [[Pasumalai]], [[Madras Presidency]], circa 1911]]<br />
<br />
The first census of the [[Madras Presidency]] was taken in the year 1822.<ref name="officialadministrationp327">[[#Official Administration of the Madras Presidency|Official Administration of the Madras Presidency]], Pg 327</ref> It returned a population of 13,476,923.<ref name="officialadministrationp327" /> The second census conducted in 1836-37 returned a population of 13,967,395, an increase of only 490,472 in 15 years.<ref name="officialadministrationp327" /> The first quinquennial enumeration of the population was made in 1851–52. It returned a population of 22,031,697.<ref name="officialadministrationp327" /> Subsequent enumerations were made in 1856–57, 1861–62 and 1866–67. The population of Madras Presidency was found to be 22,857,855 in 1851–52, 24,656,509 in 1861-62 and 26,539,052 in 1866–67.<ref name="officialadministrationp327" /><br />
<br />
The first organized census of India was conducted in 1871. It returned a population of 31,220,973 for Madras Presidency. Since then, a census has been conducted once every ten years. The last census of British India held in 1941 returned a population of 49,341,810 for Madras Presidency. <br />
<br />
{{Table alignment}}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable defaultright col1left col2left" style="margin:auto;"<br />
! colspan="12"| Districts of the Madras Presidency<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2"| District<br />
! rowspan="2"|District Headquarters<br />
! rowspan="2"|Area {{small| ({{nowrap|sq mi}})}}<br />
! rowspan="2"| Year of incorporation<br />
! colspan="8"| Population<br />
|-<br />
! 1871<br />
! 1881<br />
! 1891 <br />
! 1901 <br />
! 1911 <br />
! 1921 <br />
! 1931 <br />
! 1941 <br />
|-<br />
| Anantapur<br />
| Anantapur<br />
| 5,557<br />
| 1800<br />
| | 741,255 || | 599,899 || |727,725 || |788,254 || 963,223|| || ||1,166,255<br />
|-<br />
| Anjengo<ref name="anjengo">In 1906, the two British enclaves of Anjengo and Tangasseri within Travancore were separated from Malabar district due to inaccessibility and a new Anjengo district was created. Anejnego was the smallest and least populous district in Madras Presidency from 1906 to 1927. In 1927, the two enclaves were incorporated in Tinnevelly district.</ref><br />
| Anjengo<br />
| |1<br />
| | 1906<br />
| | - || | - || |- || |- ||4,817 || || ||<br />
|-<br />
| Bellary<br />
| Bellary<br />
| |5,714<br />
| | 1800<br />
| |911,755 || |726,275 || |880,950 || |947,214 ||969,436 || || || 1,051,235<br />
|-<br />
| [[Chingleput District (Madras Presidency)|Chingleput]]<br />
| Saidapet<br />
| |5,079<br />
| | 1763<br />
| |938,184 || |981,381 || |1,202,928 || |1,312,122 || 1,321,000|| || || 1,171,419<br />
|-<br />
| [[Coimbatore District (Madras Presidency)|Coimbatore]]<br />
| Coimbatore<br />
| |7,860<br />
| | 1799<br />
| |1,763,274 || |1,657,690 || |2,004,839 || |2,201,752 || |||3,219,848 || || 2,809,648<br />
|-<br />
| Cuddapah<br />
| Cuddapah<br />
| |8,723<br />
| | 1800<br />
| |1,351,194 || |1,121,038 || |1,272,072 || |1,291,267 || || || || 1,056,507<br />
|-<br />
| East Godavari<ref name="Godavari_district" /><br />
| Cocanada<br />
| |<br />
| | 1765<br />
| |- || |- || |- || |- ||- ||1,756,477 ||1,976,743|| 2,161,863<br />
|-<br />
| Ganjam<ref name="ganjam_orissa">Ganjam district was transferred to the newly formed province of Orissa in 1936</ref><br />
| Berhampur<br />
| |8,372<br />
| | 1765<br />
| |1,520,088 || |1,749,604 || |1,896,803 || |2,010,256 || |- || |- || |- || |-<br />
|-<br />
| Godavari<ref name="Godavari_district">In 1925, Godavari district was bifurcated into West Godavari and East Godavari districts</ref><br />
| Cocanada<br />
| |7,972<br />
| | 1765<br />
| |1,592,939 || |1,791,512 || |2,078,782 || |2,301,759 || |1,530,000 ||2,583,250 ||- ||-<br />
|-<br />
| Kistna<br />
| Masulipatam<br />
| |8,498<br />
| | 1765/1801<br />
| |1,452,374 || |1,548,480 || |1,855,582 || |2,154,803 || |1,997,535||2,133,314 || || 1,444,294<br />
|-<br />
| Kurnool<br />
| Kurnool<br />
| |7,878<br />
| | 1800<br />
| |914,432 || |678,551 || |817,811 || |872,055 ||889,000 || || || 1,146,250<br />
|-<br />
| Madras<br />
| Madras<br />
| |27<br />
| | 1639<br />
| |367,552 || |405,848 || |452,518 || |509,346 || 518,660 || |526,000 ||645,000 || 777,481<br />
|-<br />
| [[Madura District (Madras Presidency)|Madura]]<br />
| Madura<br />
| |8,701<br />
| | 1761/1790/1801<br />
| |2,266,615 || |2,168,680 || 2,608,404 || |2,831,280 ||1,861,000 |||2,007,063 || || 2,446,601<br />
|-<br />
| Malabar<br />
| [[Kozhikode|Calicut]]<br />
| |5,795<br />
| | 1792<br />
| |2,261,250 || |2,365,035 || |2,652,565 || |2,800,555 || 3,015,119 |||3,098,871 || || 3,929,425<br />
|-<br />
| Nellore<br />
| Nellore<br />
| |8,761<br />
| | 1781<br />
| |1,376,811 || |1,220,236 || 1,463,736 || |1,496,987 || |1,296,000|| || || 1,617,026<br />
|-<br />
| Nilgiris<br />
| Ootacamund<br />
| |958<br />
| | 1799<br />
| |49,501 || |91,034 || |99,797 || |111,437 || 80,000|| || ||209,709<br />
|-<br />
| North Arcot<br />
| Chittoor<br />
| |7,386<br />
| | 1781/1801<br />
| |2,015,278 || |1,817,814 || |2,114,487|| |2,207,712 ||1,822,000 |||2,055,594 || || 2,577,540<br />
|-<br />
| Salem<br />
| Salem<br />
| |7,530<br />
| | 1792<br />
| |1,966,995 || |1,599,595 || |1,962,591 || |2,204,974 || |1,766,680 |||2,112,034 || || 2,869,228<br />
|-<br />
| South Arcot<br />
| Cuddalore<br />
| |5,217<br />
| | 1781/1801<br />
| |1,755,817 || |1,814,738 || |2,162,851 || |2,349,894 || |2,272,000|||2,320,085 || || 2,608,758<br />
|- <br />
| South Kanara<br />
| Mangalore<br />
| |4,021<br />
| | 1799<br />
| |918,362 || |959,514 || |1,056,081 || |1,134,713 || || || || 1,523,516<br />
|-<br />
| [[Tanjore District (Madras Presidency)|Tanjore]]<br />
| Tanjore<br />
| |3,710<br />
| | 1799<br />
| |1,973,731 || |2,130,383 || |2,228,114 || |2,245,029 ||2,362,639 ||2,326,265 ||2,385,920 ||2,563,375<br />
|-<br />
| Tinnevely<br />
| Tinnevely<br />
| |5,389<br />
| | 1761/1801<br />
| |1,693,959 || |1,699,747 || 1,916,095 || |2,059,607 || || || || 2,244,548<br />
|-<br />
| [[Trichinopoly District (Madras Presidency)|Trichinopoly]]<br />
| Trichinopoly<br />
| |2,632<br />
| | 1781/1801<br />
| |1,200,408 || |1,215,033 || |1,372,717 || |1,444,770 || || || || 2,194,091<br />
|-<br />
| Vizagapatam<br />
| Waltair<br />
| |17,222<br />
| | 1794<br />
| |2,159,199 || |2,485,141 || |2,802,992 || |2,933,650 || ||2,231,874 || || 3,845,944<br />
|-<br />
| West Godavari<ref name="Godavari_district" /><br />
| Eluru<br />
| |<br />
| | 1765<br />
| |- || |- || |- || |- ||- ||- || || 1,380,088<br />
|- style="font-weight:bold;"<br />
| Total<br />
| Madras<br />
| |141,705<br />
|<br />
| |31,220,973 || |30,827,218 || |35,630,440 || |38,209,436 || |41,870,160||42,794,155 ||46,740,107<ref name="Godavari_district" /> || |49,341,810<ref name="ganjam_orissa" /><br />
|-<br />
! colspan="12"| Princely States of Madras Presidency<br />
|-<br />
| Banganapalle<br />
| Banganapalle<br />
| |255<br />
|<br />
| | 45,208 || | 30,754 || |34,596 || |32,264 |||39,344 |||36,692 |||39,218 |||44,592<br />
|-<br />
| Cochin<br />
| Cochin<br />
| |1,362<br />
|<br />
| | 601,114 || | 600,278 || |722,906 || |812,025 ||979,080 ||918,110 || |1,205,016||1,422,875<br />
|-<br />
| Pudukkottai<br />
| Pudukkottai<br />
| |1,100<br />
|<br />
| | 316,695 || | 302,127 || |373,096 || |380,440 ||411,886 ||426,313 || |400,694|||438,648<br />
|-<br />
| Sandur<br />
| Sandur<br />
| |161<br />
|<br />
| | 14,996 || | 10,532 || |11,388 || |11,200 ||13,517 |||11,665 ||13,583 |||15,814<br />
|-<br />
| Travancore<br />
| Trivandrum<br />
| |7,091<br />
|<br />
| | 2,311,379 || | 2,401,158 || |2,557,736 || |2,952,157 || |3,428,975||4,006,062 || |5,095,973||6,070,018<br />
|- style="font-weight:bold;"<br />
| Total<br />
| <br />
| |9,969<br />
|<br />
| |32,85,938 || |33,44,849 || |36,99,722 || |41,88,086 || |48,72,802 || |53,98,842 || |67,54,484 || |79,91,947 <br />
|-<br />
| colspan="12" style="text-align:center;"|<small>''Source: The Imperial Gazetteer of India''</small><br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Cities ==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto;"<br />
|-<br />
! Position<br />
! 1871<br />
! 1881<br />
! 1891 <br />
! 1901 <br />
! 1911 <br />
! 1921 <br />
! 1931 <br />
! 1941 <br />
|-<br />
| 1 || [[Madras]] (367,552) || Madras (405,848) || Madras (452,518) || Madras (509,346) || Madras (518,660) || Madras (526,911) || Madras (647,232) || Madras (777,481)<br />
|-<br />
| 2 || [[Trichinopoly]] (76,530) || Trichinopoly (84,449) || Trichinopoly (90,609) || Madura (105,984) || Madura (134,130) || Madura (138,894)|| Madura (182,018) ||Madura (239,144)<br />
|-<br />
| 3 || [[Tanjore]] (52,171) || Madura (73,807) || Madura (87,428) || Trichinopoly (104,721) || Trichinopoly (123,512)|| Trichinopoly (120,422) || Trichinopoly (142,843)||Trichinopoly (159,566)<br />
|-<br />
| 4 || [[Madura]] (51,987) || [[Kozhikode|Calicut]] (57,085) || Salem (67,710) || Calicut (76,981) || Calicut (82,334) || Calicut (78,417) || Salem (102,179) || Coimbatore (130,348)<br />
|-<br />
| 5 || [[Bellary]] (51,766) || Tanjore (54,745) || Calicut (66,078) || Salem (70,621) || Kumbakonam (64,647) || Coimbatore (65,788)|| Calicut (99,273) || Salem (129,702)<br />
|-<br />
| 6 || [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] (50,012) || Negapatam (53,855) || Bellary (59,447) || Kumbakonam (59,673) || Tanjore (60,341) || [[Conjeevaram]] (61,376) || Coimbatore (95,198) || Calicut (126,352)<br />
|-<br />
| 7 || [[Negapatam]] (48,525) || Bellary (53,460) || Negapatam (59,221) || Bellary (58,247) ||Negapatam (60,168) || Kumbakonam (60,700) || Tanjore (66,889) || [[Vijayawada|Bezawada]] (86,184)<br />
|-<br />
| 8 || [[Kozhikode|Calicut]] (48,338)|| Salem (50,667) || Tanjore (54,390) || Tanjore (57,870) || Salem (59,152) || Tanjore (59,913) || Mangalore (66,756) || [[Guntur]] (83,599)<br />
|-<br />
| 9 || [[Kumbakonam]] (44,444)|| Kumbakonam (54,307) || Kumbakonam (54,307)|| Negapatam (57,190) || Cuddalore (56,574) || Negapatam (54,016) ||Cocanada (65,952) || Mangalore (81,069)<br />
|-<br />
| 10 || [[Cuddalore]] (40,300)|| Cuddalore (43,564) || Cuddalore (47,355) || Coimbatore (53,080) || [[Cocanada]] (54,410)|| [[Mangalore]] (53,877) || Kumbakonam (62,317) || Tuticorin (75,614)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Madras Presidency]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil society]]<br />
[[Category:Demographic history of India]]<br />
[[Category:Social history of Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Social history of Karnataka]]</div>
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