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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
[[Tiruchirappalli]] is a city in the Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. It is the fourth most populous city and is the densest regional urban area in the state. According to the 2001 census, Tiruchirappalli had a population of 752,066 with in the city limits and an extended urban agglomeration population of 866,354.<ref name="census2001">{{cite web|title=Primary Census Abstract Data of Tamil Nadu |url=http://census2001.tn.nic.in/pca2001.aspx |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations |accessdate=12 May 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217153857/http://census2001.tn.nic.in/pca2001.aspx |archivedate=17 February 2011}}</ref> According to the 2011 census, Tiruchirappalli had a population of 847,387 within the city limits The city's [[Human sex ratio|sex ratio]] of 1025 is among the best for any city in India which has a population of one million or more.<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Tamil Nadu |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11392/download/14505/DDW33C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

The most widely spoken language is [[Tamil language|Tamil]] followed by [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Saurashtra language|Saurashtra]] and [[Kannada language|Kannada]].

== History of enumeration ==
{{Historical populations
| align=center
|1871 | 76530
|1881 | 84449
|1891 | 90609
|1901 | 104721
|1911 | 123512
|1921 | 120422
|1931 | 142843
|1941 | 159566
|1951 | 218921
|1961 | 249862
|1971 | 307400
|1981 | 362045
|1991 | 387223
|2001 | 752066
|2011 | 847387
|footnote = Sources:
* 1871 – 1901:{{Sfn|Imperial Gazetteer of India|1908|p=43}}
* 1891 – 1941:{{Sfn|Census of India|1941}}
* 1941 – 1961:{{Sfn|Ministry of Health and Family Welfare|1966|p=226}}
* 1961–1991:{{Sfn|Rajendran|Arumugam|Chandrasekaran|2002|p=3}}
* 1991–2001:{{Sfn|Malayala Manorama|2007|p=707}}
* 2011:<ref name="metro_2011provisionaltotals">{{cite web|title=Table 2: Cities having population 1 lakh and above|work=Provisional Population Totals|publisher=Government of India|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|accessdate=19 October 2011}}</ref>{{Ref|b| '''b'''}}
}}
According to the 1871 Indian census, the first in [[British India]], Tiruchirappalli had a population of 76,530 making it the second largest city in [[Madras Presidency]], next only to the capital city of [[Madras]].{{Sfn|Imperial Gazetteer of India|1908|p=43}} The population grew further by 10.3% and 7.3% over the next two decades respectively,{{Sfn|Imperial Gazetteer of India|1908|p=43}}{{Sfn|Census of India|1941}} thus reaching 0.1 million in 1901.{{Sfn|Census of India|1941}} Tiruchirappalli along with Madras and [[Madurai]] were the three cities with a population of 0.1 million or more at the time.{{Sfn|Francis|1989|p=26}}{{Sfn|Hunter|1908|p=257}} The city experienced a negative growth rate during the decade 1911–21.{{Sfn|Census of India|1941}} After that it grew steadily and attained a growth rate of 37.2% during 1941–51.{{Sfn|Ministry of Health and Family Welfare|1966|p=226}} During the 1970s, it fell behind other cities such as Madurai and Coimbatore. As of 2011, it is the fourth largest city in Tamil Nadu after Chennai, Coimbatore and Madurai. The concept of [[urban agglomeration]] (UA) was introduced in the 1991 census. The UA had a population of 711,862.{{Sfn|Johnson|2001|p=257}} After the city was made a Municipal corporation in 1994 by annexing [[Srirangam]] and [[Golden Rock, Tiruchirappalli|Golden Rock]] municipalities,{{Sfn|Palanithurai|2007|p=80}} its population almost doubled in 2001.

== Religions ==

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Tiruchirappalli city (2011)<ref name="religion"/>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Tamil Nadu|Hinduism]]|darkorange|74.07}}
{{bar percent|[[Tamil Muslim|Islam]]|green|14.72}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Tamil Nadu|Christianity]]|purple|10.89}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.32}}
}}

The majority of the population, nearly three-quarters of Tiruchirappalli, follow [[Hinduism]]. There is a considerable population that follow [[Islam]] and [[Christianity]].{{Sfn|Census of India|1971|p=88}}<ref name="thehindu_20081210">{{cite news|title=Bakrid celebrated in Trichy with gaiety|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/12/10/stories/2008121059380300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081214152149/http://www.hindu.com/2008/12/10/stories/2008121059380300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 December 2008|location=India|date=10 December 2008|work=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate = 11 May 2011}}</ref> [[Sikhs]] and [[Jainism|Jains]] also form a small amount of the total population.<ref name="thehindu_20101229">{{cite news|title=Lt. Governor felicitated|location=India|date=29 December 2010|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/12/29/stories/2010122964040300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110103033615/http://www.hindu.com/2010/12/29/stories/2010122964040300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 January 2011|work=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate = 11 May 2011}}</ref><ref name="thehindu_20110407">{{cite news|title=Jain Sangh celebrates Mahaveer Jayanthi|location=India|date=17 April 2011|url=http://www.hindu.com/2011/04/17/stories/2011041750960200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110423023500/http://www.hindu.com/2011/04/17/stories/2011041750960200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 April 2011|work=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate = 11 May 2011}}</ref>

Tiruchirappalli, being on the Kaveri, is a site particularly sacred to Hindus. On the island of [[Srirangam]], one of the three islands in the middle of the Kaveri, is the Ranganathaswamy Temple, one of the largest in the world. For Sri Vaishnavites, this temple forms one of three places where particularly important Ranganathaswamy Temples are found: [[Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangapatna|Adi Ranga]] in [[Srirangapatna]], [[Ranganathaswamy Temple, Shivanasamudra|Madhya Ranga]] at [[Shivanasamudra Falls|Shivanasamudra]] and Antya Ranga in Srirangam. All three are islands in the Kaveri River, but Srirangam is the only one in Tamil Nadu.

Islam has a long history in the city. According to legend, a Sufi saint named [[Nathar Shah]] came to the city from Anatolia, and his urs is still celebrated by people of all religions. Tiruchirappalli was briefly ruled by the [[Carnatic Sultanate|Nawabs of Arcot]], and they built several mosques in the city.

[[Roman Catholics]] in Tiruchirappalli are affiliated to the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Tiruchirapalli]]<ref name="cbci">{{cite web|title=Tiruchirapalli Diocese – History |publisher=Catholic Bishops Conference of India |url=http://www.cbcisite.com/Tiruchirapalli.htm |date=12 May 2011 |url-status=usurped |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504025727/http://www.cbcisite.com/Tiruchirapalli.htm |archivedate=2012-05-04 }}</ref> while [[Protestants]] are affiliated to the [[Trichy-Tanjore Diocese|Trichy–Tanjore Diocese]] of the [[Church of South India]].<ref name="anglicancommunion">{{cite web|title=Provincial Directory: Trichy-Tanjore|url=http://www.anglicancommunion.org/tour/diocese.cfm?Idind=505|publisher=Anglican Consultative Council|accessdate=11 May 2011}}</ref> [[Our Lady of Lourdes Church, Tiruchirappalli|Our Lady of Lourdes church]] is a large Catholic church in the city that is over a century old. As a separate division of the [[Southern Railway Zone (India)|Southern Railway]] is headquartered at Tiruchirappalli city, there is a considerably strong [[Anglo-Indian]] population in the city.{{Sfn|Deefholts||Acharya|2006|p=205}} Christianity in this region of Tamil Nadu has a history of over 3 centuries, with the first Catholic mission being sent in the mid 17th century with the patronage of the [[Madurai Nayak dynasty|Madurai Nayakas]] who then ruled the city.

== Languages ==

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Tiruchirappalli (2011)<ref name="language">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Tamil Nadu |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10222/download/13334/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-3300.XLSX |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]] |value1 = 91.70 |color1 = royalblue
|label2 = [[Urdu]] |value2 = 2.97 |color2 = green
|label3 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]] |value3 = 2.84 |color3 = steelblue
|label4 = Others |value4 = 2.49 |color4 = gray
|thumb=right
}}

[[Tamil language|Tamil]], the official language of the state is the most commonly used language,{{Sfn|Sen|1991|p=606}} followed by [[Urdu]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]],{{Sfn|Ramappa|Singh|1984|p=116}} [[Saurashtra language|Saurashtra]]<ref name="unwritten">{{cite news |last=Ramesh |first=T. A. |date=15 January 2006 |title=The Unwritten History of the Saurashtrians of South India |publisher=boloji.com |url=http://www.boloji.com/history/039.htm |access-date=18 August 2013 |archive-date=14 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100114184221/http://boloji.com/history/039.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> and [[Kannada language|Kannada]]{{Sfn|Muthanna|1962|p= iii}} Unlike other regions of Tamil Nadu, the people of Tiruchirappalli follow the standard dialect of Tamil, the [[Central Tamil dialect]].{{Sfn|Agesthialingom|Gowda|1976|p=264}}<ref name="langvariations">{{cite web |title=Language Variation in Tamil |url=http://www.lisindia.net/Tamil/Tamil_vari.html |accessdate=12 May 2011 |publisher=Language Information Service |archive-date=23 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723185203/http://www.lisindia.net/Tamil/Tamil_vari.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Saurashtra language|Saurashtra]] is the mother tongue of the [[Saurashtra people|Saurashtrians]] who migrated from southern [[Gujarat]] to [[South India]] in 14th century AD.{{Sfn|Thurston|1913|p=123}} There is also a substantial population of [[Sri Lankan Tamil people|Sri Lankan Tamil migrants]], most of whom are housed in refugee camps on the outskirts of the city.<ref name="thehindu_20091103">{{cite news |date=3 November 2009 |title=Sri Lankan Tamil refugees wish for Indian citizenship |work=The Hindu |location=India |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/tamil-nadu/article42734.ece |accessdate=11 May 2011}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{refbegin|2}}
*{{cite book|title=[[Imperial Gazetteer of India]]|volume=24|year=1908|publisher=Clarendon Press|editor=R. Burn |editor2=J. S. Cotton|ref={{harvid|Imperial Gazetteer of India|1908}}}}
*{{cite book|title=Manorama Yearbook 2007|publisher=[[Malayala Manorama]]|year=2007|ref={{harvid|Malayala Manorama|2007}}}}
*{{cite book|title=Census of India, 1941: Vol 2|author=Census Commissioner|publisher=Government of India|year=1941|ref={{harvid|Census of India|1941}}}}
*{{cite book|title=Census of India, 1971: Tamil Nadu|first=K.|last=Chockalingam|publisher=Government of India|year=1979|ref={{harvid|Census of India|1971}}}}
*{{cite book|title=Report|volume=3|author=Rural Urban Relationship Committee, India|publisher=Govt.of India, Ministry of Health & Family Planning|year=1966|ref={{harvid|Ministry of Health and Family Welfare|1966}}}}
*{{cite book|title=Potential Use of High Resolution IRS 1-C Satellite Data and Deletion of Urban Growth in and around of Tiruchirapalli city|url=http://www.fig.net/pub/fig_2002/ts3-11/ts3_11_rajendran_etal.pdf|first1=S.|last1=Rajendran|first2=M.|last2=Arumugam|first3=V. A.|last3=Chandrasekaran|publisher=Federation Internationale des Geometres|year=2002|accessdate=12 May 2011}}
*{{cite book|title=Tourism in India|first=Ajoy Kumar|last=Sen|publisher=Modern Book Agency|year=1991}}
*{{cite book|title=A handbook for panchayati raj administration (Tamil Nadu)|first=Ganapathy|last=Palanithurai|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|year=2007|isbn=978-81-8069-340-3 |id={{ISBN|978-81-8069-340-3}}}}
*{{cite book|last=Francis|first=W.|title=Gazetteer of South India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_RG2x2xDQ5UC|accessdate=18 August 2013|year=1989|publisher=Mittal Publications|id=GGKEY:4Y158YFPNGZ}}
*{{cite book|title=Directory of Telugu associations outside Andhra Pradesh|first1=M.|last1=Ramappa|first2=Sudershan|last2=Singh|publisher=International Telugu Institute|year=1984}}
*{{cite book|title=History of Karnataka: History, Administration & Culture|first=I. M.|last=Muthanna|year=1962|publisher=Usha Press}}
*{{cite book|last=Hunter|first=Sir William Wilson|title=Imperial Gazetteer of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FHZDAAAAYAAJ|accessdate=18 August 2013|year=1908|publisher=Clarendon Press}}
*{{cite book|title=Provincial Geographies of India Vol 4: The Madras Presidency with Mysore, Coorg and Associated States|url=https://archive.org/details/provincialgeogra04holluoft|last=Thurston|first=Edgar|authorlink=Edgar Thurston|publisher=Cambridge University|year=1913|page=[https://archive.org/details/provincialgeogra04holluoft/page/123 123]}}
*{{cite book|title=Dravidian case system|volume=1|publisher=Annamalai University|year=1976|first1=S.|last1=Agesthialingom|first2=K. Kushalappa|last2=Gowda}}
*{{cite book|last=Johnson|first=Basil Leonard Clyde|title=Geographical dictionary of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tPltAAAAMAAJ|date=1 June 2001|publisher=Vision Books|isbn=978-81-7094-428-7}}
*{{cite book|title=The way we were: Anglo-Indian chronicles|first1=Glenn|last1=Deefholts|first2=Quentine|last2=Acharya|publisher=Calcutta Tiljallah Relief Inc|year=2006|isbn=0975463934 |id={{ISBN|978-0-9754639-3-2}}}}
{{refend}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Demographics by city in India|T]]
[[Category:Tiruchirappalli]]

Demographics of Tiruchirappalli - Revision history

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