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{{Infobox place demographics|place=[[São Tomé and Príncipe]]|image=File:Sao Tome and Principe single age population pyramid 2020.png|image_size=350|size_of_population=217,164 (2022 est.)|caption=Population pyramid of Sao Tome and Principe in 2020|age_0–14_years=39.77%|age_65_years=2.87%|nation=Sao Tomean|growth=1.48% (2022 est.)|birth=28.19 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)|death=6.2 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)|net_migration=-7.19 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)}}
[[File:Sao Tome and Principe Population 1950-2021 Forecast 2022-2032 UN World Population Prospects 2022.svg|thumb|450px|Population, [[fertility rate]] and [[net reproduction rate]], United Nations estimates]]

[[Demography|Demographic]] features of the [[Population (human biology)|population]] of [[São Tomé and Príncipe]] include [[population density]], [[Ethnic group|ethnicity]], education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects.

Of São Tomé and Príncipe's total population of some 201,800,<ref>official estimate as at 13 May 2018 by Instituto Nacional de Estatistica.</ref> about 193,380 live on São Tomé and 8,420 on Príncipe. All are descended from various ethnic groups that have migrated to the islands since 1485. 70% of the people on São Tomé and Príncipe are black and 30% of the people are mixed race, mostly black and white. Six groups are identifiable:

* [[Luso-Africans]], or mixed-heritage, descendants of [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] colonists and [[Africa]]n slaves brought to the islands during the early years of settlement from [[Benin]], [[Gabon]], the [[Republic of the Congo]], the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], and [[Angola]] (these people also are known as ''filhos da terra'' or "children of the land");
* ''Angolares'', reputedly descendants of Angolan slaves who survived a 1540 shipwreck and now earn their livelihood fishing;
* ''Forros'', descendants of freed slaves when slavery was abolished;
* ''Serviçais'', contract laborers from Angola, [[Mozambique]], and [[Cape Verde]], living temporarily on the islands;
* ''Tongas'', children of serviçais born on the islands; and
* [[Europe]]ans, primarily Portuguese.
*Asians, mostly [[overseas Chinese|Chinese]] minority, including [[Macanese people]] of mixed Portuguese and Chinese blood from [[Macau]].

Although a small country, São Tomé and Príncipe has four national languages: [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] (the official language, spoken by 95% of the population), and the [[Portuguese-based creole languages|Portuguese-based creoles]] [[Forro language|Forro]] (85%), [[Angolar language|Angolar]] (3%) and [[Principense language|Principense]] (0.1%). [[French language|French]] is also learned in schools, as the country is a member of [[Francophonie]].

In the 1970s, there were two significant population movements—the exodus of most of the 4,000 Portuguese residents and the influx of several hundred São Toméan refugees from Angola. The islanders have been absorbed largely into a common Luso-African culture. Almost all belong to the [[Roman Catholic]], [[Evangelical Protestant]], or [[Seventh-day Adventist Church|Seventh-day Adventist]] churches, which in turn retain close ties with churches in Portugal. There is a small but growing [[Islam|Muslim]] population.

==Population==
[[File:S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_population.svg|thumb|450px|São Tomé and Príncipe's population between 1960 and 2017.]]
According to the 2022 revision of the world factbook the total population was 217,164 in 2022, compared to only 60,000 in 1950.<ref name="cia.gov">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/sao-tome-and-principe/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108231551/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/sao-tome-and-principe|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 8, 2021|title = Sao Tome and Principe|date = 19 April 2022}}</ref> The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2020 was 39.8%, 57.4% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 2.9% was 65 years or older.<ref name="cia.gov"/>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"
|-
!
! width="80pt"|Total population<ref name="cia.gov"/>
! width="80pt"|Population aged 0–14 (%)
! width="80pt"|Population aged 15–64 (%)
! width="80pt"|Population aged 65+ (%)
|-
| 1950
| 60,000||32.9||63.1||4.0
|-
| 1955
| 59,000||32.9||63.1||4.0
|-
| 1960
| 64,000||32.9||63.2||4.0
|-
| 1965
| 65,000||41.1||56.3||2.6
|-
| 1970
| 74,000||46.7||48.4||4.9
|-
| 1975
| 82,000||47.0||49.1||3.9
|-
| 1980
| 95,000||46.6||48.6||4.8
|-
| 1985
| 104,000||46.6||48.8||4.7
|-
| 1990
| 116,000||46.6||49.0||4.4
|-
| 1995
| 128,000||44.8||50.8||4.4
|-
| 2000
| 141,000||42.6||53.1||4.3
|-
| 2005
| 153,000||41.6||54.0||4.4
|-
| 2010
| 165,000||40.3||55.8||3.9
|-
| 2020
| 211,122||39.8||57.4||2.9
|}

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2017):<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/dyb_2020/|title=UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80pt"|Age group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80pt"|Female
! width="80pt"|Total
! width="80pt"|%
|-
| align="right" | Total
| align="right" | 97 988
| align="right" | 99 712
| align="right" | 197 700
| align="right" | 100
|-
| align="right" | 0–4
| align="right" | 12 031
| align="right" | 12 102
| align="right" | 24 133
| align="right" | 12.21
|-
| align="right" | 5–9
| align="right" | 13 833
| align="right" | 13 667
| align="right" | 27 500
| align="right" | 13.91
|-
| align="right" | 10–14
| align="right" | 12 677
| align="right" | 12 714
| align="right" | 25 390
| align="right" | 12.84
|-
| align="right" | 15–19
| align="right" | 10 673
| align="right" | 10 672
| align="right" | 21 345
| align="right" | 10.80
|-
| align="right" | 20–24
| align="right" | 9 278
| align="right" | 9 062
| align="right" | 18 341
| align="right" | 9.28
|-
| align="right" | 25–29
| align="right" | 7 895
| align="right" | 7 946
| align="right" | 15 841
| align="right" | 8.01
|-
| align="right" | 30–34
| align="right" | 7 276
| align="right" | 7 389
| align="right" | 14 665
| align="right" | 7.42
|-
| align="right" | 35–39
| align="right" | 6 105
| align="right" | 6 252
| align="right" | 12 358
| align="right" | 6.25
|-
| align="right" | 40–44
| align="right" | 4 762
| align="right" | 4 784
| align="right" | 9 546
| align="right" | 4.83
|-
| align="right" | 45–49
| align="right" | 3 831
| align="right" | 3 822
| align="right" | 7 654
| align="right" | 3.87
|-
| align="right" | 50–54
| align="right" | 2 880
| align="right" | 3 153
| align="right" | 6 033
| align="right" | 3.05
|-
| align="right" | 55–59
| align="right" | 2 384
| align="right" | 2 620
| align="right" | 5 004
| align="right" | 2.53
|-
| align="right" | 60–64
| align="right" | 1 573
| align="right" | 1 858
| align="right" | 3 431
| align="right" | 1.74
|-
| align="right" | 65–69
| align="right" | 1 076
| align="right" | 1 173
| align="right" | 2 249
| align="right" | 1.14
|-
| align="right" | 70–74
| align="right" | 665
| align="right" | 835
| align="right" | 1 500
| align="right" | 0.76
|-
| align="right" | 75–79
| align="right" | 535
| align="right" | 777
| align="right" | 1 313
| align="right" | 0.66
|-
| align="right" | 80+
| align="right" | 514
| align="right" | 886
| align="right" | 1 400
| align="right" | 0.71
|-
! width="50"|Age group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80"|Female
! width="80"|Total
! width="50"|Percent
|-
| align="right" | 0–14
| align="right" | 38 541
| align="right" | 38 483
| align="right" | 77 024
| align="right" | 38.96
|-
| align="right" | 15–64
| align="right" | 56 657
| align="right" | 57 558
| align="right" | 114 215
| align="right" | 57.77
|-
| align="right" | 65+
| align="right" | 2 790
| align="right" | 3 671
| align="right" | 6 461
| align="right" | 3.27
|-
|}

==Vital statistics==
Registration of vital events is in São Tomé & Príncipe not available for recent years. The Population Departement of the United Nations prepared the following estimates.<ref name="WPP 2010">[http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110506065230/http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm |date=May 6, 2011 }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"
|-
! width="70pt"|Period
! width="70pt"|Live births per year
! width="70pt"|Deaths per year
! width="70pt"|Natural change per year
! width="70pt"|CBR*
! width="70pt"|CDR*
! width="70pt"|NC*
! width="70pt"|TFR*
! width="70pt"|IMR*
|-
| 1950–1955 || 3 000|| 1 000|| 2 000||47.7||21.0||26.7||6.20||124
|-
| 1955–1960 || 3 000|| 1 000|| 2 000||47.7||18.5||29.2||6.20||112
|-
| 1960–1965 || 3 000|| 1 000|| 2 000||47.0||16.8||30.1||6.30||99
|-
| 1965–1970 || 3 000|| 1 000|| 2 000||42.7||13.1||29.6||6.40||88
|-
| 1970–1975 || 3 000|| 1 000|| 2 000||40.7||13.2||27.6||6.52||80
|-
| 1975–1980 || 4 000|| 1 000|| 3 000||41.1||11.0||30.1||6.50||70
|-
| 1980–1985 || 4 000|| 1 000|| 3 000||40.4||11.5||28.9||6.24||66
|-
| 1985–1990 || 4 000|| 1 000|| 3 000||38.8||10.7||28.1||5.66||63
|-
| 1990–1995 || 5 000|| 1 000|| 3 000||37.0||9.8||27.1||5.16||61
|-
| 1995–2000 || 5 000|| 1 000|| 4 000||35.9||9.2||26.7||4.80||58
|-
| 2000–2005 || 5 000|| 1 000|| 4 000||34.8||8.8||26.0||4.34||55
|-
| 2005–2010 || 5 000|| 1 000|| 4 000||32.4||8.2||24.2||3.85||52
|-
|align="left" colspan="9" | * <small> CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)</small>
|}

=== Registered births and deaths===
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/vitstats/serATab3.pdf|title=. Live births, deaths, and infant deaths, latest available year (2002–2016)|website=Unstats.un.org|access-date=7 November 2017}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="70"|Year
! width="70"|Population
! width="70"|Live births
! width="70"|Deaths
! width="70"|Natural increase
! width="70"|Crude birth rate
! width="70"|Crude death rate
! width="70"|Rate of natural increase
! width="70"|TFR
|-
| align="right" | 2012
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 5 173
| align="right" | 1 287
| align="right" | 3 886
| align="right" | 27.6
| align="right" | 6.9
| align="right" | 20.7
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 2015
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 5 022
| align="right" | 1 226
| align="right" | 3 796
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" | 2017
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 5 190
| align="right" | 1 202
| align="right" | 3 988
| align="right" | 26.3
| align="right" | 6.1
| align="right" | 20.2
| align="right" |
|-
|}

===Demographic and Health Surveys===
<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dhsprogram.com/|title=The DHS Program – Quality information to plan, monitor and improve population, health, and nutrition programs|website=Dhsprogram.com|language=en|access-date=2017-07-12}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and CBR (Crude Birth Rate):
! rowspan=2| Year
! colspan=2| Total
! colspan=2| Urban
! colspan=2| Rural
|-
! CBR !! TFR
! CBR !! TFR
! CBR !! TFR
|-
| 2008–2009
| style="text-align:right;"| 34.5
| style="text-align:right;"| 4.9 (3.3)
| style="text-align:right;"| 32.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 4.4 (3.0)
| style="text-align:right;"| 36.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.5 (3.7)
|-
|}

Fertility data as of 2008–2009 (DHS Program):<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR233/FR233.pdf|title=Inquérito Demográfico e Sanitário 2008–2009|website=Dhsprogram.com|access-date=7 November 2017}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="width:100pt;"| Region
! style="width:100pt;"| Total fertility rate
! style="width:100pt;"| Percentage of women age 15–49 currently pregnant
! style="width:100pt;"| Mean number of children ever born to women age 40–49
|-
| Centro || 4.6 || 8.2 || 5.5
|-
| Sul || 5.4 || 8.3 || 6.2
|-
| Norte || 5.7 || 8.8 || 6.7
|-
| Príncipe || 5.0 || 11.6 || 6.1
|}

=== Life expectancy ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!Period
!Life expectancy in <br /> Years<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/|title=World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations|website=esa.un.org|access-date=2018-08-26}}</ref>
|-
|1950–1955
|46.40
|-
|1955–1960
|{{increase}} 48.89
|-
|1960–1965
|{{increase}} 51.86
|-
|1965–1970
|{{increase}} 54.42
|-
|1970–1975
|{{increase}} 57.36
|-
|1975–1980
|{{increase}} 60.21
|-
|1980–1985
|{{increase}} 60.59
|-
|1985–1990
|{{increase}} 61.40
|-
|1990–1995
|{{increase}} 62.22
|-
|1995–2000
|{{increase}} 63.01
|-
|2000–2005
|{{increase}} 63.80
|-
|2005–2010
|{{increase}} 65.47
|-
|2010–2015
|{{increase}} 66.14
|}

==Ethnic groups==
[[Mestiço]]s, angolares (descendants of [[Angola]]n slaves), forros (descendants of freed slaves), serviçais (contract laborers from Angola, Mozambique, and Cape Verde), tongas (children of serviçais born on the islands) and [[Europe]]ans (primarily Portuguese).

==Languages==
{{Main|Languages of São Tomé and Príncipe}}
: [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] 98.4% (official)
: [[Forro Creole|Forro]] 36.2%
: [[Cape Verdean Creole|Cabo Verdian]] 8.5%
: [[French language|French]] 6.8%
: [[Angolar Creole|Angolar]] 6.6%
: [[English language|English]] 4.9%
: [[Principense Creole|Lunguie]] 1%
: Other (including sign language) 2.4%<ref name="CIATONGA">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/sao-tome-and-principe/|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210108231551/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/sao-tome-and-principe|url-status= dead|archive-date= January 8, 2021|title= Africa :: SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE|date= 19 April 2022|publisher= CIA The World Factbook}}</ref>

==Religion==
Catholic 55.7%, Adventist 4.1%, Assembly of God 3.4%, New Apostolic 2.9%, Mana 2.3%, Universal Kingdom of God 2%, Jehovah's Witness 1.2%, other 6.2%, none 21.2%, unspecified 1% (2012 est.)

==References==
{{Portal|São Tomé and Príncipe}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Africa in topic|Demographics of}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Demographics Of Sao Tome And Principe}}
[[Category:Demographics of São Tomé and Príncipe| ]]
[[Category:Demographics of Africa|Sao Tome]]
[[Category:Society of São Tomé and Príncipe]]

Demographics of São Tomé and Príncipe - Revision history

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