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{{Short description|Dispute resolution mechanism in India}}
{{Infobox law enforcement agency
| agencyname = Delhi Legal Services Authority.
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| headquarters = Delhi Legal Services Authority, 34-38 Lawyer's Chambers, Delhi High Court, New Delhi=110001..
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| chief1name = Mr. Justice Siddharth Mridul.<ref name="del lo ref1">{{cite web |title=Delhi High Court Legal Services Committee |url=http://www.dhclsc.org/WebDHCLSC.aspx?mid=109 |website=www.dhclsc.org |access-date=22 November 2021}}</ref>
| chief1position = Chief Justice, Delhi High Court, Delhi.
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'''Delhi Lok Adalat''' or Delhi Legal Services Authority (People's Court) is an [[statutory]] and [[autonomous]] body and an [[alternative dispute resolution]] mechanism<ref name="del lok ref4">{{cite news |title=Is India ready for ‘mandatory mediation’? |url=https://www.sundayguardianlive.com/legally-speaking/india-ready-mandatory-mediation |access-date=22 November 2021 |publisher=The Sunday Guardian Live |date=11 September 2021}}</ref> used in the Union Territory of [[Delhi]]. The Delhi Lok Adalat Act is designed to provide [[constitution]]al protection guaranteed under Article 14 and 39-A of the [[Constitution of India]], of “ACCESS TO JUSTICE FOR ALL”. It is a legal system to resolve pending cases at Panchayat or rural places, those in a pre-litigation stage in courts are resolved amicably.<ref name="Mahar Adal Ref1">{{cite news |title=Lok Adalat |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Hans-Classroom/2018-04-25/Lok-Adalat/376372?infinitescroll=1 |access-date=28 September 2021 |publisher=thehansindia.com |date=25 April 2018 |language=en}}</ref> It is recognised as statutory authority under the [[Legal Services Authorities Act 1987|Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987]]<ref name="ass lok ref1">{{cite news |title='Lok Adalat' to be held in Assam on September 11 - Sentinelassam |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/guwahati-city/lok-adalat-to-be-held-in-assam-on-september-11-550500 |access-date=17 November 2021 |publisher=sentinelassam.com |date=14 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref> and the [[Lok Adalat]]s award or decision are deemed to be civil court case and final and enforceable on both parties.<ref name="Mahar Adal Ref1" /> Such an award is not appealable in any court of law in the absence of any provision. However, by approaching the court of appropriate [[jurisdiction]], litigation can be initiated by any party in the suit if any of them are dissatisfied with the decision of the Lok Adalat (in the absence of any provision for appeal against such award).<ref name="Mahar Adal Ref1" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-02-26|title=Lok Adalat|url=https://nalsa.gov.in/lok-adalat|access-date=2021-07-16|website=nalsa.gov.in|language=en}}</ref>

"Section 22 B of The Legal Services Authorities Act 1987 provides for the establishment of Permanent Lok Adalats (PLA) for exercising jurisdiction in respect of one or more [[public utility]] services (PUS). Section 22 A of The Legal Services Authorities Act 1987 states what constitutes 'Public Utility Services' for the purpose of Permanent Lok Adalat".<ref>{{cite web|title=Permanent Lok Adalat|url=http://hslsa.gov.in/sites/default/files/documents/PLA.pdf|publisher=Haryana State Legal Services Authority|access-date=2021-11-21|archive-date=2021-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920113842/http://hslsa.gov.in/sites/default/files/documents/PLA.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== History and Administration ==
Delhi Lok Adalat formed under Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987<ref name="aru lokad ref1">{{cite news |title=Arunachal:First E Lok Adalat held in various districts of Arunachal Pradesh in various |url=https://arunachal24.in/arunachal-first-e-lok-adalat-held-in-various-districts-of-arunachal-pradesh/ |access-date=3 November 2021 |publisher=arunachal24.in |date=26 September 2020}}</ref> and to implement the provisions of Constitution which had been drafted to help every citizen to get justice irrespective of their economic or other limitations. The primary value laid down as per Indian Constitutional philosophy is individual dignity which forms the basis of human rights and demands on a holistic basis of civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights.

Delhi Lok Adalat is formed with objective and purpose of ensuring and providing visible, practical and positive initiatives ensuring equality and non bias decisions as laid down in Constitution of India and assumes significance due to illiteracy and poverty prevalent in India.

Lok Adalats are constituted at below levels:<ref name="Lok Ref2">{{cite news |title=Lok Adalats unclog a choked justice delivery system |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/specials/insight/lok-adalats-unclog-a-choked-justice-delivery-system-1034264.html |access-date=28 September 2021 |publisher=Deccan Herald |date=26 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

*State Authorities.
*High Court.
*District and Taluk level.

1. Chairman.

2. Secretaries.

*Mandal Committees.
*Mediation Centres.

Types of Lok Adalat:

* Permanent Lok Adalat - Provides mechanism for adjudging cases referred under public utility services like transport, postal and telegraph.
* National Lok Adalat - Held from year 2015, every month on specific topic across India. These are held on a single day disposing off large number of pending cases.
* Mega Lok Adalat - Held across all courts in state in a single day.
* Mobile Lok Adalats - These types of Lok Adalats are organised occasionally which travel from one place to other across country occasionally and help resolving disputes.<ref name="aru lokad ref3">{{cite news |title=APSLSA introduced mobile Legal Services cum Lok Adalat Van |url=https://arunachal24.in/apslsa-introduced-mobile-legal-services-cum-lok-adalat-van/ |access-date=3 November 2021 |publisher=arunachal24.in |date=29 January 2020}}</ref>

Mr. Justice Siddharth Mridul., Chief Justice, Delhi High Court, Delhi, is current patron in Chief of Delhi Lok Adalat.<ref name="del lo ref1" />

== Lok Adalat Committee and Complaint Procedures ==

Lok Adalat settles disputes which can be mutually resolved and mostly relating to [[Matrimonial law|matrimonial]], [[damages]]<ref name="aru lokad ref1" /> and partition suits. The following are the requirements of the cases before Lok Adalat:<ref name="Lok Ref2" />

* Lok Adalat takes up cases which are civil in nature (including marriage, and family disputes) and compoundable criminal cases.<ref name="aru lokad ref1" />
* It accepts cases pending in regular court under their jurisdiction.
* The main condition of the Lok Adalat is that both parties in dispute agree for settlement.
* The court fee paid initially in the court for the complaints/petition is refunded to the parties, as no court fee is chargeable if a matter referred in the Lok Adalat and is resolved with parties agreeing to bind by it.
* Procedural laws and the [[Indian Evidence Act|Evidence Act]] are not strictly followed while assessing claims.
* Decisions are binding on the parties and its order is capable of execution through legal process.

The following types of cases can be admitted in Lok Adalat.<ref name="Mahar Adal Ref1"/>

1. Any dispute or case pending in any court of law in India.

* Criminal offences which are compoundable.<ref name="aru lokad ref1" />
* Cases under section 138 of Negotiable Instruments Act.
* Issues relating to recovery of money.
* Issues under Indian Motor Vehicles Act, 1988.<ref name="Assam Lok7">{{cite news |title=Assam State Legal Services Authority: Lok Adalat to ease load of courts {{!}} Guwahati News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/lok-adalat-to-ease-load-of-courts/articleshow/25905103.cms |access-date=17 November 2021 |publisher=The Times of India |date=17 November 2013 |language=en}}</ref>
* Issues relating to labour disputes.
* Issues relating to public utility bills like electricity, water etc excluding Non Compoundable offences.
* Issues relating to Matrimony.

2. Any dispute to be planned to filed in Court but did not come up for hearing in front of it. Following Pre-Litigation cases can also be filed in Lok-Adalat.

* Cases under section 138 of Negotiable Instruments Act.
* Cases relating to recovery of money.
* Issues relating to labour disputes.
* Issues relating to public utility bills like electricity, water etc excluding Non Compoundable offences.
* General Maintenance related disputes.
* Other Miscellaneous cases which are civil disputes, criminal compoundable cases and matrimonial disputes.

However, any legal issue which is not compoundable as per the Indian Legal Systems cannot be taken up in the Lok Adalat.

As the members are presiding Lok Adalat as statutory conciliators and not in judicial capacity they can only persuade the parties to come to a settlement. Sometimes counselling sessions are also held between opposing parties.<ref name="Loka Ref3">{{cite news |title=Lok Adalat disposes of 8.5 lakh cases in a day across Maharashtra |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/lok-adalat-disposes-of-8-5-lakh-cases-in-a-day-across-maharashtra-101632673899685.html |access-date=29 September 2021 |work=Hindustan Times |date=26 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

The main condition of the Lok Adalat is that both parties in dispute agree for settlement and if they are unable to do so, it is referred to the Permanent Lok Adalat for deciding the case provided the case is not related to compoundable offence.

Assam Lok Adalat, as per Supreme Court judgement, is formed to arrive at a compromise or solution between parties in dispute and hence does not have jurisdiction to go into merits of complaint.<ref name="and lok ref15">{{cite news |title=Lok Adalat can't decide cases on merits|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/lok-adalat-cant-decide-cases-on-merits-sc-1041603.html |access-date=25 October 2021 |publisher=deccanherald.com |date=18 October 2021}}</ref>

Lok Adalat or Alternate Dispute Resolution (ADR) system was strengthened by Government of India in Year 2021 by introducing Draft Mediation bill, 2021 adding many provisions for fast and efficient resolution through this system.<ref name="lok ref 20">{{cite news |title=Explainer: What does the ‘Draft Mediation Bill’ propose |url=https://factly.in/explainer-what-does-the-draft-mediation-bill-propose/ |access-date=22 November 2021 |publisher=FACTLY |date=20 November 2021}}</ref>

== Details of cases Resolved ==

1. In 2021 February, Delhi Lok Adalat or Delhi State Legal Services Authority (DSLSA) organised Ghar-Ghar Lok Adalat to settle unpaid traffic challans.<ref name="Del Ref2">{{cite news |last1=Ch |first1=Sakshi |title=Delhi: Lok Adalat held to amicably settle traffic challans descends into chaos {{!}} Delhi News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/lok-adalat-held-to-amicably-settle-traffic-challans-descends-into-chaos/articleshow/80913985.cms |access-date=22 November 2021 |publisher=The Times of India |date=15 February 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

2. In 2021 September, Delhi Lok Adalat or Delhi State Legal Services Authority (DSLSA) organised National Lok Adalat on many issues in Delhi High Courts, Delhi District Courts, Debt Recovery Tribunals (DRTs), State Commission and District Consumer Forums, Delhi.<ref name="Del Ref8">{{cite news |title=Conducting a National Lok Adalat on 11.09.2021 (Second Saturday) |url=https://www.latestlaws.com/latest-news/conducting-a-national-lok-adalat-on-11-09-2021-second-saturday-176186 |access-date=22 November 2021 |publisher=Latest Laws |date=22 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008]]
* [[Legal Services Authorities Act 1987]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://aslsa.assam.gov.in/information-services/lok-adalat Official website]

== External links ==
* [https://www.example.com www.example.com]

{{Lok Adalat}}


[[Category:Dispute resolution]]
[[Category:Lok Adalat]]

Delhi Lok Adalat - Revision history

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