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enhance layout further and corrected details after review

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	{{Short description\|Latin expression~~, roughly~~ meaning 'by law'}}		{{Short description\|Latin expression meaning 'from law'}}
	~~{{Italic title~~}}		{{Distinguish\|Dejure Foundation\|Glossary of French words and expressions in English#Du jour{{!}}du jour}}
	{{Distinguish\|Glossary of French words and expressions in English#Du jour{{!}}Du jour~~\|Dejure Foundation~~}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=September 2020}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=September 2020}}
	{{~~Wiktionary~~}}		{{Italics title}}
			In [[law]] and [[government]], '''''de jure''''' ({{IPAc-en\|d\|eɪ\|_\|ˈ\|dʒ\|ʊər\|i\|,_\|d\|i\|_\|-\|,_\|-\|_\|ˈ\|jʊər\|-}}; {{IPA\|la\|deː ˈjuːre\|lang}}; {{literal translation\|from law}}) describes practices that are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality. The phrase is often used in contrast with ''[[de facto]]'' ('from fact'), which describes situations that exist in reality, even if not formally recognized.<ref name="OxfordDF2">{{cite web\|title=Definition of 'de facto' adjective from the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary\|url=http://www.OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com/definition/english/de-facto_2\|publisher=Oxford University Press\|website=OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com\|access-date=11 July 2016}}</ref>

			==Definition==
			''De jure'' is a [[Latin]] expression composed of the words ''de'' ("from, of") and ''jure'' ("law", adjectival form of ''[[wikt:jus\|jus]]''). Thus, it is descriptive of a structural argument or position derived "from law".<ref>{{Cite web \|title=A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890), JUS \|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0063:entry=jus-cn \|access-date=2024-11-08 \|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.Dictionary.com/browse/de-jure\|title=de jure\|publisher=Dictionary.com, LLC.\|work=dictionary.com\|access-date=11 July 2016}}</ref>

	In [[law]] and [[government]], '''''de jure''''' ({{IPAc-en\|d\|eɪ\|_\|ˈ\|dʒ\|ʊər\|i\|,_\|d\|i\|_\|-\|,_\|ˈ\|jʊər\|-}} {{respell\|day\|_\|JOOR\|ee\|,_\|dee\|_-\|,_\|YOOR\|ee}}; [[Latin]]: ''dē iūre'' {{IPA-la\|deː ˈjuːrɛ\|pron}}, {{literal translation\|by law}}) describes practices that are legally recognized, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality.<ref name=~~"Dictionary.cm">{{cite web\|url~~=~~http://www.Dictionary.com/browse/de-jure\|title~~=~~de jure\|publisher~~=~~Dictionary.com, LLC.\|work~~=~~Dictionary.com\|access-date~~=~~11 July 2016}}</ref> In contrast, {{no wrap\|~~''[[de ~~facto]]~~''~~}} ("in fact") describes situations that exist in reality, even if not legally recognized.<ref name~~=~~"OxfordDF2">~~{{~~cite web~~\|title=Definition of 'de facto' adjective from the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary\|url=http://www.OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com/definition/english/de-facto_2\|publisher=Oxford University Press\|website=OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com\|access-date=11 July 2016}}~~</ref>~~		==Usage==
			===Jurisprudence and ''de jure'' law===
			{{see also\|Unenforced law}}

	~~==Examples==~~		In [[Law of the United States\|U.S. law]], particularly after ''[[Brown v. Board of Education]]'' (1954), the difference between ''de facto'' [[Racial segregation in the United States\|segregation]] (that existed because of voluntary associations and neighborhoods) and ''de jure'' segregation (that existed because of local laws) became important distinctions for court-mandated remedial purposes.<ref name="AndersonByrne2004">{{cite book\|author1=James Anderson\|author2=Dara N. Byrne\|title=The Unfinished Agenda of Brown V. Board of Education\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DQSryuTGxCcC&pg=PA55\|date=29 April 2004\|publisher=Diverse: Issues In Higher Education\|isbn=978-0-471-64926-7\|pages=55–}}</ref>{{clarify\|date=July 2025}}
	~~Between 1805 and 1914, the~~ [[~~Muhammad Ali dynasty~~\|~~ruling dynasty~~]] of [[~~Khedivate~~ of ~~Egypt\|Egypt~~]] ~~were subject to~~ the ~~rulers of the [[Ottoman Empire]], but acted as~~ de facto ~~independent rulers who maintained a~~ [[~~polite fiction~~]] of ~~Ottoman [[suzerainty]]. However, starting from around 1882, the rulers had only~~ de jure ~~rule over Egypt, as it had by then become a British [[puppet state]]~~. ~~Thus, by Ottoman law, Egypt was de jure a province~~ of ~~the Ottoman Empire, but de facto was part~~ of ~~the [[British Empire]]~~.

	In [[~~Law of the United States\|U.S. law~~]]~~, particularly after ''~~[[~~Brown v. Board~~ of ~~Education~~]]'' ~~(1954),~~ the ~~difference between de facto~~ [[~~Racial segregation in the United States\|segregation~~]] ~~(segregation that existed because~~ of the ~~voluntary associations and neighborhoods) and~~ de ~~jure segregation (segregation that existed because~~ of ~~local laws that mandated the segregation) became important distinctions for court-mandated remedial purposes~~.<ref ~~name="AndersonByrne2004"~~>{{~~cite~~ book\|~~author1=James Anderson\|author2~~=~~Dara N. Byrne~~\|~~title~~=~~The Unfinished Agenda of Brown V. Board of Education~~\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=~~DQSryuTGxCcC~~&pg=~~PA55~~\|date=~~29 April 2004~~\|publisher=~~Diverse: Issues In Higher Education~~\|isbn=~~978-0-471-64926-7~~\|~~pages~~=~~55–~~}}</ref>		===Government and culture===
			Between 1805 and 1914, the [[Muhammad Ali dynasty]] of [[Khedivate of Egypt\|Egypt]] were ''de jure'' subject to the rulers of the [[Ottoman Empire]], meaning they were formally considered to be under the rule of the Ottomans. However, in practice, they acted as ''de facto'' rulers, as they were able to maintain a large degree of independence in their governance of Egypt.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Mak \|first=Lanver \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfJC1zLvBhQC&q=veiled%20protectorate&pg=PA10 \|title=The British in Egypt: Community, Crime and Crises 1882–1922 \|date=2012-03-15 \|publisher=I.B.Tauris \|isbn=9781848857094 \|language=en}}</ref>

	~~In a hypothetical situation, a king or emperor could be the~~ de jure ~~head~~ of ~~state. However, if they~~ are ~~unfit to rule~~ the ~~country~~, the ~~prime minister or chancellor would usually become the practical, or de facto, leader, while the king remains the de jure leader~~. ~~For example,~~ [[~~Edward V~~]] ~~was de jure~~ [[~~King of England~~]] ~~for a part of 1483, but he was never crowned~~<ref>{{~~Cite book~~ \|~~last~~=~~Mak~~ \|~~first~~=~~Lanver~~ \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=~~cfJC1zLvBhQC~~&q=~~veiled%20protectorate~~&pg=~~PA10~~ \|~~title~~=~~The British in Egypt: Community, Crime and Crises 1882–1922~~ \|date=~~2012~~-03-~~15 \|publisher~~=I.B.~~Tauris \|isbn~~=~~9781848857094~~ \|~~language~~=en}}</ref> ~~and his uncle [[Richard III of England\|Richard III]] was the de facto king during this period.~~		===Borders===
			The ''de jure'' borders of a country are defined by the area its government claims, but not necessarily controls. Modern examples include [[Taiwan]] (claimed but not controlled by [[China]])<ref>{{cite journal \|last1=Fabry \|first1=Mikulas \|title=The Effect of 'One China' Policies of Foreign States on the International Status of Taiwan \|journal=Diplomacy & Statecraft \|date=2 January 2024 \|volume=35 \|issue=1 \|pages=90–115 \|doi=10.1080/09592296.2024.2303855}}</ref> and [[Kashmir]] (claimed by [[Kashmir conflict\|multiple countries]]).<ref>{{citation\|last1=Osmańczyk\|first1=Edmund Jan\|title=Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: G to M \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fSIMXHMdfkkC&pg=PA1191\|year=2003\|publisher=Taylor & Francis\|isbn=978-0-415-93922-5 \|pages=1191–\|access-date=18 December 2021\|archive-date=17 January 2023\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117140437/https://books.google.com/books?id=fSIMXHMdfkkC&pg=PA1191\|url-status=live}}</ref>

	==See also==		==See also==
			{{Wiktionary}}
	{{Portal\|Law}}		{{Portal\|Law}}

	*[[Implied repeal]]		*[[Implied repeal]]
	*[[List of Latin phrases (D)]]		*[[List of Latin phrases (D)]]
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	[[Category:Latin legal terminology]]		[[Category:Latin legal terminology]]
			[[Category:Latin words and phrases]]

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article

2023-08-27T07:18:02Z

Created a new article

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{{Short description|Latin expression, roughly meaning 'by law'}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Distinguish|Glossary of French words and expressions in English#Du jour{{!}}Du jour|Dejure Foundation}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Wiktionary}}

In [[law]] and [[government]], '''''de jure''''' ({{IPAc-en|d|eɪ|_|ˈ|dʒ|ʊər|i|,_|d|i|_|-|,_|ˈ|jʊər|-}} {{respell|day|_|JOOR|ee|,_|dee|_-|,_|YOOR|ee}}; [[Latin]]: ''dē iūre'' {{IPA-la|deː ˈjuːrɛ|pron}}, {{literal translation|by law}}) describes practices that are legally recognized, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality.<ref name="Dictionary.cm">{{cite web|url=http://www.Dictionary.com/browse/de-jure|title=de jure|publisher=Dictionary.com, LLC.|work=Dictionary.com|access-date=11 July 2016}}</ref> In contrast, {{no wrap|''[[de facto]]''}} ("in fact") describes situations that exist in reality, even if not legally recognized.<ref name="OxfordDF2">{{cite web|title=Definition of 'de facto' adjective from the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary|url=http://www.OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com/definition/english/de-facto_2|publisher=Oxford University Press|website=OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com|access-date=11 July 2016}}</ref>

==Examples==
Between 1805 and 1914, the [[Muhammad Ali dynasty|ruling dynasty]] of [[Khedivate of Egypt|Egypt]] were subject to the rulers of the [[Ottoman Empire]], but acted as de facto independent rulers who maintained a [[polite fiction]] of Ottoman [[suzerainty]]. However, starting from around 1882, the rulers had only de jure rule over Egypt, as it had by then become a British [[puppet state]]. Thus, by Ottoman law, Egypt was de jure a province of the Ottoman Empire, but de facto was part of the [[British Empire]].

In [[Law of the United States|U.S. law]], particularly after ''[[Brown v. Board of Education]]'' (1954), the difference between de facto [[Racial segregation in the United States|segregation]] (segregation that existed because of the voluntary associations and neighborhoods) and de jure segregation (segregation that existed because of local laws that mandated the segregation) became important distinctions for court-mandated remedial purposes.<ref name="AndersonByrne2004">{{cite book|author1=James Anderson|author2=Dara N. Byrne|title=The Unfinished Agenda of Brown V. Board of Education|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DQSryuTGxCcC&pg=PA55|date=29 April 2004|publisher=Diverse: Issues In Higher Education|isbn=978-0-471-64926-7|pages=55–}}</ref>

In a hypothetical situation, a king or emperor could be the de jure head of state. However, if they are unfit to rule the country, the prime minister or chancellor would usually become the practical, or de facto, leader, while the king remains the de jure leader. For example, [[Edward V]] was de jure [[King of England]] for a part of 1483, but he was never crowned<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mak |first=Lanver |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfJC1zLvBhQC&q=veiled%20protectorate&pg=PA10 |title=The British in Egypt: Community, Crime and Crises 1882–1922 |date=2012-03-15 |publisher=I.B.Tauris |isbn=9781848857094 |language=en}}</ref> and his uncle [[Richard III of England|Richard III]] was the de facto king during this period.

==See also==
{{Portal|Law}}

*[[Implied repeal]]
*[[List of Latin phrases (D)]]
*[[Obrogation]]
*[[Unenforced law]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Latin legal terminology]]

De jure - Revision history

Felorox: enhance layout further and corrected details after review

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article