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	==See also==		==See also==
	~~{{Portal\|Denmark\|India\|Companies}}~~
	* [[Danish India]]		* [[Danish India]]
	* [[Danish Mission College]]		* [[Danish Mission College]]

112.134.214.217 at 13:22, 28 April 2021

2021-04-28T13:22:35Z

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2014}}
[[File:European settlements in India 1501-1739.png|thumb|Danish and other European settlements in Sri Lanka and India.]]
The '''Danish East India Company'''<ref>[http://www.scholiast.org/history/tra-narr.html The Danish East India Company]</ref> ({{lang-da|Ostindisk Kompagni}}<ref name="dens_Osti">{{Cite web
| title = Ostindisk Kompagni
| work = Den Store Danske (Gyldendal)
| access-date = 2020-02-09
| url = http://denstoredanske.dk/Geografi_og_historie/Sydasien/Sydasiens_historie_og_biografier/Ostindisk_Kompagni
| language = da
}}</ref>) refers to two separate Danish-Norwegian [[chartered company|chartered companies]]. The first company operated between 1616 and 1650. The second company existed between 1670 and 1729, however, in 1730 it was re-founded as the '''[[Danish Asia Company|Asiatic Company]]''' ({{lang-da|Asiatisk Kompagni}}).

==First company==
[[File:Fort Dansborg.JPG|thumb|200px|Fort Dansborg at [[Tranquebar]], built by [[Ove Gedde]] in 1620.]]

The first Danish East India Company was chartered in 1616 under [[Christian IV of Denmark|King Christian IV]] and focused on trade with [[India]]. [[Gjedde expedition|The first expedition]], under Admiral [[Ove Gjedde|Gjedde]], took two years to reach [[Ceylon]], losing more than half their crew. The island had been claimed by [[Portuguese India|Portugal]] by the time they arrived but on 10{{nbsp}}May 1620, a treaty was concluded with the [[Kingdom of Kandy]] and the foundation laid of a settlement at [[Trincomalee]] on the island's east coast.<ref name=BAG>{{cite book|title=The Bengal and Agra Annual Guide and Gazetteer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BDQ5SzWIDg8C|year=1841|publisher=W. Rushton and Company|page=415}}</ref> They occupied the colossal [[Koneswaram temple]] in May 1620 to begin fortification of the peninsula before being expelled by the Portuguese.<ref>{{Cite book
| publisher = Barner Jensen
| isbn = 9788798368236
| last = Jensen
| first = Uno Barner
| title = Danish East India, Trade Coins and the Coins of Tranquebar: 1620 - 1845
| date = 1997
}}, pp. 11-12; {{Cite book
| publisher = Il Mulino
| isbn = 9788815011985
| last = Furber
| first = Holden
| title = Imperi rivali nei mercati d'Oriente, 1600-1800
| date = 1986
}}, note n° 66, p. 326: "[[Senarat of Kandy]] sent to Trincomalee 60 Sinhala men in order to help the Danes in the construction of their fort. During their permanence in Trincomalee, the Danesh coined also some "Larins", on which were recorded the words ‘Don Erich Grubbe’, of these coins, today do not remain trace, if not in the diary of Ove Giedde."</ref> After landing on the Indian mainland, a treaty was concluded with the ruler of the [[Thanjavur Nayak kingdom|Tanjore Kingdom]],
[[Raghunatha Nayak]], who gave the Danes possession of the town of [[Tranquebar]], and permission to trade in the kingdom by treaty of 19{{nbsp}}November 1620.<ref name=BAG /> In Tranquebar they established [[Dansborg]] and installed Captain Crappe as the first governor (''[[opperhoved]]'') of [[Danish India]].<ref name="forchennai">''Foreningen Trankebar''. "[http://www.foreningen-trankebar.dk/45934011 Artikel om en tur fra Chennai til Trankebar]".</ref> The treaty was renewed on 30{{nbsp}}July 1621, and afterwards renewed and confirmed on the 10{{nbsp}}May 1676, by [[Shivaji]] the founder of the [[Maratha Empire]].<ref name=BAG />

During their heyday, the Danish East India Company and [[Swedish East India Company]] imported more tea than the [[British East India Company]], smuggling 90% of it into [[Kingdom of England|England]], where it could be sold at a huge profit. Between 1624-36, Danish trade extended to [[Surat]], [[Bengal]], [[Java]], and [[Borneo]], with [[Factory (trading post)|factories]] in [[Masulipatam]], Surat, [[Balasore]] and at Java, but subsequent European wars in which Denmark participated ruined the Company, and trade in India ceased entirely between 1643–69, during which time all previous acquisitions were lost except Tranquebar, which held out until aid from Denmark arrived in 1669.<ref name=BAG />

==Second company, and the Asiatic Company==
In 1670, a second Danish East India Company was established, before it too was dissolved in 1729. In 1730, it was refounded as the Asiatic Company and opened trade with [[Qing dynasty|Qing China]] at [[Guangdong|Canton]]. The first expedition went badly, with ''Den gyldne Løve'' lost with its cargo of silver off [[Ballyheigue]], [[Ireland]], on the outbound journey. Local landowners held the silver at their estate and pursued a salvage claim, but a gang of locals overpowered the Danish guard and made off with the hoard, causing a diplomatic row between Denmark-Norway and [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Britain]].<ref name="Foren">''Foreningen Trankebar''. "[http://www.foreningen-trankebar.dk/45934011 Brev fra England]".</ref> With the royal licence conferred in 1732, the new company was granted a 40-year monopoly on all Danish trade east of the [[Cape of Good Hope]]. Before 1750, it sent 27 ships; 22 survived the journey to return to Copenhagen.<ref name="Foren"/> In 1772, the company lost its monopoly and in 1779, Danish India became a [[crown colony]].

During the [[Napoleonic Wars]], in 1801 and again in [[Battle of Copenhagen (1807)|1807]], the [[Royal Navy]] attacked Copenhagen. As a consequence of the last attack (in which the entire Dano-Norwegian navy was captured), Denmark (one of few West European countries not occupied by [[Napoleon|Bonaparte]]), ceded the island of [[Heligoland|Helgoland]] (part of the Duchy of [[Holstein-Gottorp]]) to [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|Britain]]. In the East, when news of Anglo-Danish hostilities reached India, the British immediately seized seven Danish merchant ships on 28 January 1808 that were in the Hoogli.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=16982|page=219|date=7 February 1815}}</ref> Denmark finally sold its remaining settlements in [[mainland India]] in 1845 and the [[Danish Gold Coast]] in 1850, both to the British.

==Ships==
{{expand list|date=May 2012}}

* ''Kiøbenhavn'' and ''Christian'' (1618–1621, part of the [[Gjedde expedition]] that founded [[Dansborg]] at [[Tranquebar]])<ref name="ReferenceA">The Trials and Travels of Willem Leyel: An Account of the Danish East India Company in Tranquebar, 1639-48</ref>
* ''Christianshavn'' (8 November 1639, ''Willem Leyel'' left [[Denmark]] for [[Tranquebar]] as commander of this ship)<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* ''Flyvende Ulv'' (Departure from [[Copenhagen]] 1682 with ''Axel Juhl'', who was appointed governor of [[Tranquebar]] later the same year. Departure from [[Copenhagen]] 1685 with ''Wollf Heinrich v. Calnein'', governor of [[Tranquebar]] 1687)<ref>http://www.jmarcussen.dk/maritim/skibsliste/side.php?id=8542</ref>
* ''Cron Printz Christian'', ''Cron Printzen'', and ''Den gyldne Løve'' (1730–31, the Tønder expedition that opened trade with China)
* ''Elephant(en)'' (1747–1750) The ship was lost on 15 August [[List of shipwrecks in 1750|1750]] in [[Mossel Bay|"Mosele Bay"]], near the [[Dutch Cape Colony|Cape of Good Hope]]. There were 35 survivors; they were rescued by ''Onwerkirk'' ({{flag|Dutch Republic}}). ''Elephant'' was on a voyage from [[Tranquebar]], [[Company Rule in India|India]] to [[Copenhagen]].<ref name=LL120350>{{cite news |title=The Marine List |journal=Lloyd's List |issue=1595 |publisher=Lloyd's of London |date=12 March 1750 |url=http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015028378910;view=1up;seq=48}}</ref><ref name=LL190350>{{cite news |title=The Marine List |journal=Lloyd's List |issue=1597 |publisher=Lloyd's of London |date=19 March 1750 |url=http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015028378910;view=1up;seq=52 }}</ref>
* ''Grev Moltke'' (1760, first [[Moravian missionaries]])
* ''Nicobar'' Sunk 1783 with load of Swedish Plate Money.
*Disco (1778 ship), frigate built for the Danish navy and named for [[Disko Island]], but transferred to Danish EIC before maiden voyage.<ref>Marcussen - [http://www.jmarcussen.dk/maritim/skibsliste/side.php?id=3137 Disco]</ref><ref>[http://www.orlogsbasen.dk/ Royal Danish Navy Museum] - [http://www.orlogsbasen.dk/Skibdk.htm List of ships] - [http://www.orlogsbasen.dk/visskib.asp?skib=Disco&la=1 Disco]</ref>
*[[Protector (1779 frigate)|''Hussar'']], purchased 1783.<ref>[http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015065522776?urlappend=%3Bseq=160 ''Lloyd's Register''] (1784), Seq. №H343.]</ref>
*[[HDMS Det Store Bælt (1782)|Holsten (I)]], renamed from ''Det Store Bælt'', declared unseaworthy and condemned at Mauritius in 1807<ref>[http://www.jmarcussen.dk/maritim/skibsliste/index.php Marcussen] - Holsten (I) [http://www.jmarcussen.dk/maritim/skibsliste/side.php?id=9691 record card]</ref>
*[[Warren Hastings (1802 EIC ship)|Holsten (II)]] purchased in 1806 from the French at Mauritius and renamed to replace Holsten (I).<ref>[http://www.jmarcussen.dk/maritim/skibsliste/index.php Marcussen] - Holsten (II) [http://www.jmarcussen.dk/maritim/skibsliste/side.php?id=9692 record card]</ref> Seized by the British ([[HMS Modeste (1793)]], [[HMS Terpsichore (1785)]] and HMS Dasher) on the [[Hooghly River|Hooghly]] in January 1808.<ref>London Gazette [https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/16982/page/219 Issue 16982 Page 219] dated 7 February 1815</ref> Six other Danish ships were seized at the same time

==See also==
{{Portal|Denmark|India|Companies}}
* [[Danish India]]
* [[Danish Mission College]]
* [[Tranquebar Mission]]
* [[Danish West India Company]]
* [[British East India Company]]
* [[Assada Company]], English trading company, founded 1635 and ceased 1657
* [[Austrian East India Company]], founded 1775 and ceased 1785
* [[Dutch East India Company]], founded 1602 and ceased 1798
* [[French East India Company]], founded 1664 and ceased 1769
* [[Portuguese East India Company]], founded 1628 and ceased 1633
* [[Swedish East India Company]], founded 1731 and ceased 1813
* [[List of trading companies]]
* [[Whampoa anchorage]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120107211336/http://www.business.dk/investor/det-sorte-afrika-koelhaling-og-skoerbug Article in Danish]
*[http://runeberg.org/dbl/12/0305.html Projekt Runeberg Danish biographical lexicon, in Danish]
*[http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/scandinavia/frrevden.html Denmark during the Age of the French Revolution, 1790-1814]
*[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India.htm#Danish%20India WorldStatesmen- India]

{{Danish overseas empire}}
{{Chartered companies}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Chartered companies]]
[[Category:Danish India]]
[[Category:Trading companies]]
[[Category:Colonial Indian companies]]
[[Category:1616 establishments in Denmark]]
[[Category:Companies established in 1616]]
[[Category:Defunct companies of Denmark]]

Danish East India Company - Revision history

Sergzrr: small changes

CleanupBot II: Removed empty portal template using script

112.134.214.217 at 13:22, 28 April 2021