Damdami Taksal - Revision history

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	The '''Damdami Taksal''' is a Sikh educational organisation in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20041225/punjab1.htm#5\|title=Baba Thakur Singh of Damdami Taksal dead\|access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref> Its headquarters are located in the town of Mehta Chowk, approximately 25 miles north of the city of [[Amritsar]].<ref name="lal75">{{harvnb\|Mahmood\|1997\|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=wA3yjdgyY9kC&dq=Fighting+for+faith+and+nation&printsec=frontcover&source=bn&hl=en&ei=za81S7CrPJL0sgPqgsDIBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CBwQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=Chowk%20Mehta&f=false Page 75]}}</ref> It has been described as a seminary or “moving university” of the Sikh countryside.<ref name="Mahmood_WY"/>		The '''Damdami Taksal''' is a Sikh educational organisation in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20041225/punjab1.htm#5\|title=Baba Thakur Singh of Damdami Taksal dead\|access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref> Its headquarters are located in the town of Mehta Chowk, approximately 25 miles north of the city of [[Amritsar]].<ref name="lal75">{{harvnb\|Mahmood\|1997\|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=wA3yjdgyY9kC&dq=Fighting+for+faith+and+nation&printsec=frontcover&source=bn&hl=en&ei=za81S7CrPJL0sgPqgsDIBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CBwQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=Chowk%20Mehta&f=false Page 75]}}</ref> It has been described as a seminary or “moving university” of the Sikh countryside.<ref name="Mahmood_WY"/>

	In 1706, after the [[Battle of Muktsar]], [[Guru Gobind Singh]] camped at Sabo Ki Talwandi. The place became known as Damdama ''i.e.'' a halting place (or breathing place), this place is now referred to as [[Damdama Sahib]]<ref>{{cite book\|last=Dhillon\|first=Dalbir\|title=Sikhism Origin and Development\|year=1988\|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distri\|page=152}}</ref> (In 1737, Damdama Sahib was considered to be the highest seat of learning for the Sikhs).<ref>{{cite book\|last=Kapoor\|first=Sukhbir\|title=Dasam Granth An Introductory Study\|year=2003\|publisher=Hemkunt Press\|isbn=81-7010-325-8\|page=12}}</ref> Damdami Taksal claims to be over 300 years old with direct historical ties to [[Guru Gobind Singh]] and [[Baba Deep Singh]].~~<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.damdamitaksal.com/\|title=Damdami Taksaal - The official website of the Damdami Taksaal\|website=Damdami Taksaal\|access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref>~~<ref name="Mahmood_WY">{{cite book \| author1=C. K. Mahmood \| title=Why Sikhs Fight (Anthropological Contributions to Conflict Resolution) \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=521m3YG-N38C&pg=PA11&dq=why+sikhs+fight+mahmood#q=why%20sikhs%20fight%20mahmood \| publisher=The University of Georgia Press \| page=17\| isbn=9780820317656 \| year=1996 }}</ref>		In 1706, after the [[Battle of Muktsar]], [[Guru Gobind Singh]] camped at Sabo Ki Talwandi. The place became known as Damdama ''i.e.'' a halting place (or breathing place), this place is now referred to as [[Damdama Sahib]]<ref>{{cite book\|last=Dhillon\|first=Dalbir\|title=Sikhism Origin and Development\|year=1988\|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distri\|page=152}}</ref> (In 1737, Damdama Sahib was considered to be the highest seat of learning for the Sikhs).<ref>{{cite book\|last=Kapoor\|first=Sukhbir\|title=Dasam Granth An Introductory Study\|year=2003\|publisher=Hemkunt Press\|isbn=81-7010-325-8\|page=12}}</ref> Damdami Taksal claims to be over 300 years old with direct historical ties to [[Guru Gobind Singh]] and [[Baba Deep Singh]].<ref name="Mahmood_WY">{{cite book \| author1=C. K. Mahmood \| title=Why Sikhs Fight (Anthropological Contributions to Conflict Resolution) \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=521m3YG-N38C&pg=PA11&dq=why+sikhs+fight+mahmood#q=why%20sikhs%20fight%20mahmood \| publisher=The University of Georgia Press \| page=17\| isbn=9780820317656 \| year=1996 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.damdamitaksal.com/\|title=Damdami Taksaal - The official website of the Damdami Taksaal\|website=Damdami Taksaal\|access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref>

	== History ==		== History ==
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	During the first part of the 20th century Gurbachan Singh Bhindranwale was a widely prominent ''[[Sant (religion)\|Sant]]'' teaching a large number of students<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Singh\|first1=Pashaura\|title=The Guru Granth Sahib: Canon, Meaning and Authority\|date=2003\|publisher=Oxford University Press\|isbn=9780199087730}}</ref> and today remains an influential figure. The influence of Bhindran Taksal is attested by the fact that its alumni include the head [[granthi]] (reader of Sikh scriptures) at the [[Golden Temple]], [[jathedar]]s of various [[Panj Takht\|Sikh takhts]], and granthis of major gurdwaras of historical significance.<ref name="HawleyBhindran"/>		During the first part of the 20th century Gurbachan Singh Bhindranwale was a widely prominent ''[[Sant (religion)\|Sant]]'' teaching a large number of students<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Singh\|first1=Pashaura\|title=The Guru Granth Sahib: Canon, Meaning and Authority\|date=2003\|publisher=Oxford University Press\|isbn=9780199087730}}</ref> and today remains an influential figure. The influence of Bhindran Taksal is attested by the fact that its alumni include the head [[granthi]] (reader of Sikh scriptures) at the [[Golden Temple]], [[jathedar]]s of various [[Panj Takht\|Sikh takhts]], and granthis of major gurdwaras of historical significance.<ref name="HawleyBhindran"/>

	The Damdami Taksal also had a history of dispute with the Indian government, as its former head Kartar Singh Khalsa Bhindranwale was a severe critic of the excesses of Indira Gandhi’s [[The Emergency (India)#Sikh opposition\|Emergency]] rule.<ref name="~~Mahmood_WY~~"/><ref name="~~lal75~~"/> In 1975, a large event to commemorate the 300th anniversary [[martyrdom]] of [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]] was attended by [[Indira Gandhi]] and Kartar Singh Bhindranwale. This was the starting point of tensions between Damdami Taksal and the [[Indian National Congress\|Indian Congress Government]].<ref name="Pande 1989">{{cite book\|last=Pande\|first=B. N.\|title=Indira Gandhi: Builders of modern India\|year=1989\|publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India}}</ref> The dispute{{#tag:ref\|When Indira Gandhi came onto the stage in the presence of Guru Granth Sahib, while all those on the stage arose to welcome and respect her, but it was only Kartar Singh Bhindranwale remained seated.<ref name="Judge 2005">{{cite book\|last=Judge\|first=Paramjit\|title=Religion, Identity, and Nationhood: The Sikh Militant Movement\|year=2005\|publisher=Rawat Publications\|isbn=9788170339496}}</ref> On the stage Kartar Singh spoke saying no one is more powerful than our Guru and we are not required to get up and pay respect to her, he was applauded by the people.<ref name="Pande 1989"/>\|group=note}} was about who was the leader and who had the greater authority over the Sikh people, the [[Guru Granth Sahib]] or Indira Gandhi.<ref name="Judge 2005"/>		The Damdami Taksal also had a history of dispute with the Indian government, as its former head Kartar Singh Khalsa Bhindranwale was a severe critic of the excesses of Indira Gandhi’s [[The Emergency (India)#Sikh opposition\|Emergency]] rule.<ref name="lal75"/><ref name="Mahmood_WY"/> In 1975, a large event to commemorate the 300th anniversary [[martyrdom]] of [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]] was attended by [[Indira Gandhi]] and Kartar Singh Bhindranwale. This was the starting point of tensions between Damdami Taksal and the [[Indian National Congress\|Indian Congress Government]].<ref name="Pande 1989">{{cite book\|last=Pande\|first=B. N.\|title=Indira Gandhi: Builders of modern India\|year=1989\|publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India}}</ref> The dispute{{#tag:ref\|When Indira Gandhi came onto the stage in the presence of Guru Granth Sahib, while all those on the stage arose to welcome and respect her, but it was only Kartar Singh Bhindranwale remained seated.<ref name="Judge 2005">{{cite book\|last=Judge\|first=Paramjit\|title=Religion, Identity, and Nationhood: The Sikh Militant Movement\|year=2005\|publisher=Rawat Publications\|isbn=9788170339496}}</ref> On the stage Kartar Singh spoke saying no one is more powerful than our Guru and we are not required to get up and pay respect to her, he was applauded by the people.<ref name="Pande 1989"/>\|group=note}} was about who was the leader and who had the greater authority over the Sikh people, the [[Guru Granth Sahib]] or Indira Gandhi.<ref name="Judge 2005"/>

	The Damdami Taksal was brought to wider attention by [[Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale]] and the [[1978 Sikh–Nirankari clashes\|1978 massacre]],<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Tambiah\|first1=Stanley\|title=Leveling Crowds: Ethnonationalist Conflicts and Collective Violence in South Asia\|date=1997\|publisher=University of California Press\|location=California\|isbn=0520200020\|page=106}}</ref> the [[Anandpur Resolution]] with the [[Khalistan movement#Dharam Yudh Morcha\|Dharm Yudh Morcha]] of 1982,<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Singh\|first1=Harjinder\|title=Game of Love\|date=2008\|publisher=Akaal Publishers\|location=Walsall\|page=61\|edition=Second}}</ref> and later the [[Khalistan]] movement.<ref>{{cite book \| chapter-url=http://www.vidhia.com/Historical%20and%20Political/The_Sikh_Diaspora.pdf \| title=The Sikh Diaspora: The Search For Statehood \| author=Singh Tatla, Darshan \|chapter=6 Demand for Homeland - Sikhs in Britain \| publisher=UCL Press \| year=1999 \| location=England \| pages=116 onwards \| isbn=1-85728-301-5}}</ref>		The Damdami Taksal was brought to wider attention by [[Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale]] and the [[1978 Sikh–Nirankari clashes\|1978 massacre]],<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Tambiah\|first1=Stanley\|title=Leveling Crowds: Ethnonationalist Conflicts and Collective Violence in South Asia\|date=1997\|publisher=University of California Press\|location=California\|isbn=0520200020\|page=106}}</ref> the [[Anandpur Resolution]] with the [[Khalistan movement#Dharam Yudh Morcha\|Dharm Yudh Morcha]] of 1982,<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Singh\|first1=Harjinder\|title=Game of Love\|date=2008\|publisher=Akaal Publishers\|location=Walsall\|page=61\|edition=Second}}</ref> and later the [[Khalistan]] movement.<ref>{{cite book \| chapter-url=http://www.vidhia.com/Historical%20and%20Political/The_Sikh_Diaspora.pdf \| title=The Sikh Diaspora: The Search For Statehood \| author=Singh Tatla, Darshan \|chapter=6 Demand for Homeland - Sikhs in Britain \| publisher=UCL Press \| year=1999 \| location=England \| pages=116 onwards \| isbn=1-85728-301-5}}</ref>
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	==External links==		==External links==
	[https://www.damdamitaksal.com/ Damdami Taksal – Official Website]		* [https://www.damdamitaksal.com/ Damdami Taksal – Official Website]

	[[Category:Sikh politics]]		[[Category:Sikh politics]]

BellaCH: From Wikipedia

2020-12-13T18:23:06Z

From Wikipedia

New page

{{short description|Indian Sikh educational organisation}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2020}}
[[File:Damdami Taksal Logo.svg|thumb|150px|The logo of the Damdami Taksal, reads 'the [[Shabd]] is forged in the Mint of truth' in Punjabi (Gurmukhi).]]
The '''Damdami Taksal''' is a Sikh educational organisation in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20041225/punjab1.htm#5|title=Baba Thakur Singh of Damdami Taksal dead|access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref> Its headquarters are located in the town of Mehta Chowk, approximately 25 miles north of the city of [[Amritsar]].<ref name="lal75">{{harvnb|Mahmood|1997|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=wA3yjdgyY9kC&dq=Fighting+for+faith+and+nation&printsec=frontcover&source=bn&hl=en&ei=za81S7CrPJL0sgPqgsDIBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CBwQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=Chowk%20Mehta&f=false Page 75]}}</ref> It has been described as a seminary or “moving university” of the Sikh countryside.<ref name="Mahmood_WY"/>

In 1706, after the [[Battle of Muktsar]], [[Guru Gobind Singh]] camped at Sabo Ki Talwandi. The place became known as Damdama ''i.e.'' a halting place (or breathing place), this place is now referred to as [[Damdama Sahib]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Dhillon|first=Dalbir|title=Sikhism Origin and Development|year=1988|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distri|page=152}}</ref> (In 1737, Damdama Sahib was considered to be the highest seat of learning for the Sikhs).<ref>{{cite book|last=Kapoor|first=Sukhbir|title=Dasam Granth An Introductory Study|year=2003|publisher=Hemkunt Press|isbn=81-7010-325-8|page=12}}</ref> Damdami Taksal claims to be over 300 years old with direct historical ties to [[Guru Gobind Singh]] and [[Baba Deep Singh]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.damdamitaksal.com/|title=Damdami Taksaal - The official website of the Damdami Taksaal|website=Damdami Taksaal|access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref><ref name="Mahmood_WY">{{cite book | author1=C. K. Mahmood | title=Why Sikhs Fight (Anthropological Contributions to Conflict Resolution) | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=521m3YG-N38C&pg=PA11&dq=why+sikhs+fight+mahmood#q=why%20sikhs%20fight%20mahmood | publisher=The University of Georgia Press | page=17| isbn=9780820317656 | year=1996 }}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:The line of leaders of the Sikh religious institution Damdami Taksal.png|thumb|The line of leaders of the Damdami Taksal<ref name=giani>{{cite book |last=Singh |first=Tāran |editor1-last=Siṅgh |editor1-first=Harbans |title=Giānī Sampradāi |date=1995 |publisher=Punjab University, Patiala, 2011 |location=Patiala, Punjab, India |isbn=9788173805301 |page=[https://archive.org/details/TheEncyclopediaOfSikhism-VolumeIiE-l/page/n91 77]|edition=3rd |url=https://archive.org/details/TheEncyclopediaOfSikhism-VolumeIiE-l |access-date=22 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref>]]

The line of leaders of the Sikh religious institution Damdami Taksal
The word taksal (literally '[[Mint (coin)|mint]]') refers to an education institute or community of students who associate themselves to a particular [[Sant (religion)|sant]] or prominent spiritual leader.<ref name="Schomer 1987 262">{{cite book|last=Schomer|first=Karine|title=The Sants: Studies in a Devotional Tradition of India|year=1987|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=9788120802773|page=262}}</ref> "In 1706..... Gobind Singh...... is said to have founded a distinguished school of exegesis".<ref name="MartyAppleby">{{cite book|author=Harjot Oberoi|chapter=Sikh Fundamentalism: Translating History into Theory|title=Fundamentalisms and the state: remaking polities, economies, and militance|editor=Martin E. Marty|editor2=R. Scott Appleby|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1996|series=The Fundamentalism Project|volume=3|pages=[https://archive.org/details/fundamentalismss00mart/page/266 266]|isbn=978-0-226-50884-9|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=doCmVaOnh_wC|quote=In 1706, when Gobind Singh...he is said to have founded a distinguished school of exegesis.|url=https://archive.org/details/fundamentalismss00mart/page/266}}</ref> It was later headed up by [[Baba Deep Singh]]<ref>{{cite book|last=H. S. Singha|title=The Encyclopedia of Sikhism|year=2000|publisher=Hemkunt Press|isbn=9788170103011|page=57}}</ref> According to the Damdami Taksal, it was entrusted with the responsibility of teaching the reading (''santhyia''), analysis (''vichar'') and recitation of the [[Sikh scriptures]] by Guru Gobind Singh.

The main center of the present-day Damdami Taksal (Jatha Bhindran-Mehta) is located at Gurdwara Gurdarshan Parkash at Mehta in [[Amritsar district]].<ref name="HawleyBhindran"/> It is actually a branch of a major school of traditional Sikh learning known as the Bhindran Taksal. Although that Taksal was established by Sant Sundar Singh (1883-1930) of Boparai Kalan (in [[Ludhiana district]]) in 1906, it achieved prominence through its second incumbent, Sant Gurbachan Singh Khalsa (1902-1969) of Bhindran Kalan (hence the name ‘Bhindran Taksal’).<ref name="HawleyBhindran">{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Pashaura, Michael Hawley |title=Re-imagining South Asian Religions: Essays in Honour of Professors Harold G. Coward and Ronald W. Neufeldt |date=2012 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004242371 |page=38 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qT0yAQAAQBAJ&lpg=PA38&dq=Bhindran%20Kalan&pg=PA38#q=Bhindran%20Kalan}}</ref> He devoted his entire life to teaching correct enunciation and intonation in reciting the Sikh scriptures. He trained a large number of “gianis” (traditional Sikh scholars) through his mobile seminary. When he died in 1969 he was succeeded by two contenders, Giani Mohan Singh (1919-2020) and Sant Kartar Singh (1932-1977), the former leading the original Malwa branch in Ludhiana district and the latter leading the Majha branch in Amritsar district.<ref name="HawleyBhindran"/>

During the first part of the 20th century Gurbachan Singh Bhindranwale was a widely prominent ''[[Sant (religion)|Sant]]'' teaching a large number of students<ref>{{cite book|last1=Singh|first1=Pashaura|title=The Guru Granth Sahib: Canon, Meaning and Authority|date=2003|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780199087730}}</ref> and today remains an influential figure. The influence of Bhindran Taksal is attested by the fact that its alumni include the head [[granthi]] (reader of Sikh scriptures) at the [[Golden Temple]], [[jathedar]]s of various [[Panj Takht|Sikh takhts]], and granthis of major gurdwaras of historical significance.<ref name="HawleyBhindran"/>

The Damdami Taksal also had a history of dispute with the Indian government, as its former head Kartar Singh Khalsa Bhindranwale was a severe critic of the excesses of Indira Gandhi’s [[The Emergency (India)#Sikh opposition|Emergency]] rule.<ref name="Mahmood_WY"/><ref name="lal75"/> In 1975, a large event to commemorate the 300th anniversary [[martyrdom]] of [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]] was attended by [[Indira Gandhi]] and Kartar Singh Bhindranwale. This was the starting point of tensions between Damdami Taksal and the [[Indian National Congress|Indian Congress Government]].<ref name="Pande 1989">{{cite book|last=Pande|first=B. N.|title=Indira Gandhi: Builders of modern India|year=1989|publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India}}</ref> The dispute{{#tag:ref|When Indira Gandhi came onto the stage in the presence of Guru Granth Sahib, while all those on the stage arose to welcome and respect her, but it was only Kartar Singh Bhindranwale remained seated.<ref name="Judge 2005">{{cite book|last=Judge|first=Paramjit|title=Religion, Identity, and Nationhood: The Sikh Militant Movement|year=2005|publisher=Rawat Publications|isbn=9788170339496}}</ref> On the stage Kartar Singh spoke saying no one is more powerful than our Guru and we are not required to get up and pay respect to her, he was applauded by the people.<ref name="Pande 1989"/>|group=note}} was about who was the leader and who had the greater authority over the Sikh people, the [[Guru Granth Sahib]] or Indira Gandhi.<ref name="Judge 2005"/>

The Damdami Taksal was brought to wider attention by [[Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale]] and the [[1978 Sikh–Nirankari clashes|1978 massacre]],<ref>{{cite book|last1=Tambiah|first1=Stanley|title=Leveling Crowds: Ethnonationalist Conflicts and Collective Violence in South Asia|date=1997|publisher=University of California Press|location=California|isbn=0520200020|page=106}}</ref> the [[Anandpur Resolution]] with the [[Khalistan movement#Dharam Yudh Morcha|Dharm Yudh Morcha]] of 1982,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Singh|first1=Harjinder|title=Game of Love|date=2008|publisher=Akaal Publishers|location=Walsall|page=61|edition=Second}}</ref> and later the [[Khalistan]] movement.<ref>{{cite book | chapter-url=http://www.vidhia.com/Historical%20and%20Political/The_Sikh_Diaspora.pdf | title=The Sikh Diaspora: The Search For Statehood | author=Singh Tatla, Darshan |chapter=6 Demand for Homeland - Sikhs in Britain | publisher=UCL Press | year=1999 | location=England | pages=116 onwards | isbn=1-85728-301-5}}</ref>

===Leadership===
During [[British Raj|British Colonial rule]], Sunder Singh Bhindranwale{{#tag:ref|Sunder Singh was from the Bhindran village<ref name="Schomer 1987 262"/> and thus was referred to as Bhindranwale, "the one from Bhindran"|group=note}} set about purging diversity in Sikh doctrine, ritual and practice, hoping to have a uniform Sikh community. Part of this strategy was to have a standardised code of conduct (''Rehat Maryada'').<ref>{{cite book|last=Marty|first=Martin|title=Fundamentalisms and the State: Remaking Polities, Economies, and Militance, Volume 3|url=https://archive.org/details/fundamentalismss00mart|url-access=registration|year=1996|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=9780226508849|page=[https://archive.org/details/fundamentalismss00mart/page/267 267]}}</ref> Sant Kartar Singh established Gurdwara Gurdarshan Parkash at Mehta, [[Amritsar district]].<ref name="HawleyBhindran"/>

Sant Sunder Singh was succeeded by Sant Gurbachan Singh Bhindranwale in 1930, after whom Sant Kartar Singh Bhindranwale continued his work in 1961. In 1977, after the death of Sant Kartar Singh, Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale became the head of Damdami Taksal.<ref name="HawleyBhindran"/><ref>Low intensity conflicts in India By Vivek Chadha, United Service Institution of India page 196.</ref> Baba Thakur Singh Bhinderwale<ref>{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Gurharpal|title=Sikhs in Britain: The Making of a Community|year=2006|publisher=Zed Books|isbn=9781842777176|page=[https://archive.org/details/sikhsinbritainma0000sing/page/92 92]|url=https://archive.org/details/sikhsinbritainma0000sing/page/92}}</ref> took over his Taksal when Jarnail Singh was killed in 1984 by the military assault on Harmander Sahib, referred to as Operation Bluestar.<ref>{{cite book|last=Tully|first=Mark|title=The defeat of a congressman: and other parables of modern India|year=1991|publisher=Knopf|isbn=9780394573991|page=[https://archive.org/details/defeatofcongress00tull/page/154 154]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/defeatofcongress00tull/page/154}}</ref> After the death of Baba Thakur Singh, the leadership of Taksal was handed over to Baba Ram Singh Khalsa Bhindranwale by the senior leadership and members of Taksal.<ref>{{cite web |title=Damdami Taksal |url=https://damdamitaksal.co.in/ |access-date=5 March 2020}}</ref>

==Beliefs==
The Damdami Taksal have their own Sikh Code of Conduct, the ''Gurmat Rehat Maryada'', which differs from the ''[[Sikh Rehat Maryada|Rehat Maryada]]'' published by the [[Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://damdamitaksaal.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=80&Itemid=68 |title=Gurmat Rehat Maryada |publisher=Damdamitaksaal.org |access-date=9 August 2009}}</ref> Some differences include the reading of ''[[Ragmala]]'' after ''[[Akhand Path]]''<ref>{{cite book|last1=Singh|first1=Harjinder|last2=Singh|first2=Sukha|last3=Singh|first3=Jaskeerth|title=Sikh Code of Conduct|publisher=Akaal Publishers|location=2014|isbn=978-0-9554587-4-3|page=82|edition=4th|year=2015}}</ref> and not eating meat, fish, and eggs.<ref>{{cite book|last=Poy|first=Buddy|title=Vegetarianism Unmasked|year=2011|publisher=AuthorHouse|isbn=9781463408756|page=83}}</ref> Damdami Taksal is somewhat influenced by the [[Nirmala (sect)|Nirmale]] school of thought as the eleventh leader of Damdami Taksal, Sant Baba Bishan Singh Muralewale, studied under Nirmale [[Sant (religion)|Sant]]s such as [[Pundit Tara Singh]] and Pundit Sadhu Singh during the late 19th century.<ref>{{cite book|title=Damdami Taksal De Mahapurkh|publisher=Damdami Taksal (Jatha Bhindran)|location=Amritsar|page=22}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Dilgira|first1=Harjindar|title=The Sikh Reference Book|date=1997|publisher=Sikh Educational Trust for Sikh University Centre|isbn=9780969596424|page=318}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*Giani Jaswant singh Manji Sahib Book ~ Chita Chola

==External links==
[https://www.damdamitaksal.com/ Damdami Taksal – Official Website]

[[Category:Sikh politics]]
[[Category:Sikh groups and sects]]
[[Category:Khalistan movement]]
[[Category:Schools in Punjab, India]]