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{{update|date=June 2021}}
{{About|a District in West Bengal|the District in Bangladesh|Dinajpur District, Bangladesh}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Dakshin Dinajpur district
| settlement_type = [[Districts of West Bengal|District of West Bengal]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_map = Dakshin Dinajpur district.svg
| map_caption = Location of Dakshin Dinajpur district in West Bengal
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint = Balurghat
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|..West Bengal Flag(INDIA).png}} [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of India|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Malda district|Malda]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Balurghat]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 =
| area_total_km2 = 2162
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2020
| population_total = 1,976,276
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 73.86 per cent<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.educationforallinindia.com/page157.html
|title = District -DO office Literates and Literacy Rates, 2001 |access-date = 10 October 2010|publisher =Registrar General, India, Ministry of Home Affairs}}</ref>
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 950
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituencies
| leader_name1 = [[Balurghat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Balurghat]]
| leader_title2 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituencies
| leader_name2 = [[Kushmandi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kushmandi]], [[Kumarganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kumarganj]], [[Balurghat (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Balurghat]], [[Tapan (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Tapan]], [[Gangarampur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gangarampur]], [[Harirampur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Harirampur]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Indian road network|Major highways]]
| blank_info_sec1 = [[National Highway 512 (India)|NH 512]]
| blank_name_sec2 =
| blank_info_sec2 =
| website = {{URL|https://ddinajpur.nic.in/}}
| official_name =
| image_skyline = Sunset of balurghat.jpg
| image_caption = Sunset in [[Balurghat]]
}}
[[File:Atreyee D. A. V. Public School (2007).jpg|thumb|right|The [[Atreyee D. A. V. Public School]] in [[Balurghat]]]]

'''Dakshin Dinajpur''' ({{IPA-bn|dokkʰiɳ dinadʒpur}}) or '''South Dinajpur''' is a [[district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and union territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]], [[India]]. It was created on 1 April 1992 by the division of the erstwhile [[West Dinajpur District]]. The [[Headquarter]] (sadar) of the district is at Balurghat. It comprises two [[Subdivisions of India#Subdivision|subdivisions]]: [[Balurghat subdivision|Balurghat]] and [[Gangarampur]] at [[Buniadpur]] . According to the 2011 population, it is the third least populous District of West Bengal (out of [[Districts of West Bengal|23]]).<ref name="districtcensus">{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 30 September 2011 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref>

== History ==
The erstwhile [[Dinajpur District, Bangladesh|Dinajpur District]], at the time of the [[partition of India]], was split up into [[West Dinajpur district]] and East Dinajpur. The East Dinajpur district, now called [[Dinajpur District, Bangladesh|Dinajpur]], became part of [[East Pakistan]] (now [[Bangladesh]]). The West Dinajpur district was enlarged in 1956, when [[States Reorganisation Act]] recommendations were implemented, with the addition of some areas of [[Bihar]]. The district was bifurcated into [[Uttar Dinajpur]] and Dakshin Dinajpur on 1 April 1992.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://uttardinajpur.nic.in/UDWEB.html|title = Uttar Dinajpur Website|publisher = Government of India Portal|access-date = 10 November 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = http://ddinajpur.nic.in/Historical_Perspective/historical_perspective.html
|title = Historical Perspective|publisher = Official website of South Dinajpur district from Government of India Portal|access-date = 10 November 2008}}</ref>

== Economy ==
Dakshin Dinajpur is predominantly an agricultural district with a large area of land under cultivation. The district is drained by north-south flowing rivers like [[Atrai River|Atreyee]], [[Punarbhaba River|Purnabhaba]], [[Tangon River|Tangon]] and [[Jamuna River]], to give rise to a sizeable, unorganised fishing community.

Dakshin Dinajpur is a "non-large scale industry" but there are a number of medium and small hand loom industries especially Gangarampur block. Internet access is available from most of the cities, even broadband connections are available. There is one State Highway with only 77 km of National Highway No. 512 in the district. A new railway line has been laid between [[Eklakhi Junction railway station|Eklakhi]] and [[Balurghat]], the district headquarters. Train services were started on 30 December 2004.

In 2006 the [[Ministry of Panchayati Raj]] named Dakshin Dinajpur one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=brgf /> It is one of the eleven districts in West Bengal currently{{when|date=January 2018}} receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj |date=8 September 2009 |title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme |publisher=National Institute of Rural Development |url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |access-date=27 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |archive-date=5 April 2012 |df=dmy }}</ref>

== Divisions ==

=== Administrative subdivisions ===
The district comprises two subdivisions: Balurghat and Gangarampurpur at Buniadpur. [[Balurghat subdivision]] consists of Balurghat municipality and four community development blocks: [[Hili (Community development block)|Hili]], [[Balurghat (community development block)|Balurghat]], [[Kumarganj]] and [[Tapan (Community development block)|Tapan]]. [[Gangarampur subdivision]] consists of [[Gangarampur]], [[Buniadpur]] municipalities and four community development blocks: [[Gangarampur (community development block)|Gangarampur]], [[Bansihari (community development block)|Bansihari]], [[Harirampur (community development block)|Harirampur]] and [[Kushmandi]].<ref name=blocdir>{{cite web
|url=http://wbdemo5.nic.in/writereaddata/Directoryof_District_Block_GPs(RevisedMarch-2008).doc
|title=Directory of District, Sub division, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal, March 2008
|date=19 March 2008
|access-date=8 November 2008
|work=West Bengal
|publisher=National Informatics Centre, India
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225032419/http://wbdemo5.nic.in/writereaddata/Directoryof_District_Block_GPs%28RevisedMarch-2008%29.doc
|archive-date=25 February 2009
|df=dmy-all
}}</ref> Balurghat is the district headquarters. There are nine police stations, eight development blocks, Three [[municipalities]], 64 [[gram panchayat]]s and 2317 villages in this district.<ref name=blocdir /><ref name=adminsetup>{{cite web| url = http://ddinajpur.nic.in/District_Profile/district_profile.html| title = District Profile| publisher = Official website of the South Dinajpur district| access-date = 9 November 2008}}</ref>

Other than municipality area, each subdivision contains community development blocs which are divided into rural areas and census towns.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_5.htm
| title = Population, Decadal Growth Rate, Density and General Sex Ratio by Residence and Sex, West Bengal/ District/ Sub District, 1991 and 2001
| access-date = 9 November 2008
| work = West Bengal
| publisher = Directorate of census operations
| url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110719040835/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_5.htm
| archive-date = 19 July 2011
| df = dmy-all
}}</ref>

Balurghat subdivision
* [[Balurghat]]: municipality
* [[Hili (Community development block)]] consists of rural areas only with 5 gram panchayats.
* [[Balurghat (Community development block)]] consists of rural areas only with 11 gram panchayats.
* [[Kumarganj (Community development block)]] consists of rural areas only with 8 gram panchayats.
* [[Tapan (Community development block)]] consists of rural areas only with 11 gram panchayats.

Gangarampur subdivision at Buniadpur

* [[Buniadpur]] : [[Municipality]]
* [[Gangarampur]] : [[Municipality]]
* [[Gangarampur (Community development block)]] consists of rural areas only with 11 gram panchayats.
*[[Bansihari (Community development block)]] consists of rural areas only with 4 gram panchayats.
* [[Harirampur (Community development block)]] consists of rural areas only with 6 gram panchayats.
* [[Kushmandi (Community development block)]] consists of rural areas only with 8 gram panchayats.

=== Assembly constituencies ===
The district is divided into six [[assembly constituency|assembly constituencies]]:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S25/WB_ACPC.pdf |title=General election to the Legislative Assembly, 2001 – List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies |access-date=18 November 2008 |work=West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060504185949/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S25/WB_ACPC.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2006 }}</ref>
# [[Kushmandi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kushmandi (SC)]] (assembly constituency no. 33),
# [[Gangarampur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gangarampur]] (assembly constituency no. 35),
# [[Tapan (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Tapan (ST)]] (assembly constituency no. 40,
# [[Kumarganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kumarganj]] (assembly constituency no. 37),
# [[Balurghat (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Balurghat]] (assembly constituency no. 38).
#[[Harirampur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Harirampur]] (assembly constituency no. 42).

Tapan constituency is reserved for [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|Scheduled Tribes (ST)]] candidates. Kushmandi constituency is reserved for [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|Scheduled Castes (SC)]] candidates. Along with one assembly constituency from [[North Dinajpur district]], the six assembly constituencies of this district form the [[Balurghat (Lok Sabha constituency)]], which is reserved for SC candidates.

==== Impact of delimitation of constituencies ====
As per order of the [[Delimitation Commission]] in respect of the delimitation of constituencies in the West Bengal, the district was to be divided into six assembly constituencies:<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.wbgov.com/e-gov/English/DELIMITATION.pdf | title = Press Note, Delimitation Commission| access-date = 18 November 2008 | work = Assembly Constituencies in West Bengal| publisher =Delimitation Commission}}</ref>
# [[Kushmandi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kushmandi (SC)]] (assembly constituency no. 37)
# [[Kumarganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kumarganj]] (assembly constituency no. 38)
# [[Balurghat (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Balurghat]] (assembly constituency no. 39)
# [[Tapan (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Tapan (ST)]] (assembly constituency no. 40)
# [[Gangarampur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gangarampur (SC)]] (assembly constituency no. 41)
# [[Harirampur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Harirampur]] (assembly constituency no. 42)

Tapan constituency will be reserved for ST candidates. Kushmandi and Gangarampur constituencies will be reserved for SC candidates. Along with one assembly constituency from [[North Dinajpur district]], the six assembly constituencies of this district will form the [[Balurghat (Lok Sabha constituency)]].

== Demographics ==

{{ Pie chart
| thumb=right
| caption=Religions in Dakshin Dinajpur District
| label1=Hindus
| value1=73.55
| color1=darkorange
|label2=Muslims
| value2=24.63
| color2=Green
| label3=Others
| value3=1.83
| color3=Pink
}}
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Languages of Dakshin Dinajpur District (2011).<ref name=m>http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html</ref><ref name=censusindia>{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Part-A.pdf |title=DISTRIBUTION OF THE 22 SCHEDULED LANGUAGES-INDIA/STATES/UNION TERRITORIES - 2011 CENSUS |archive-date=29 March 2016 }}</ref>
|label1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value1 = 84.41 |color1 = Blue
|label2 = [[Santali language|Santali]] |value2 = 9.68 |color2 = Brown
|label3 = [[Hindi]] |value3 = 1.43 |color3 = Orange
|label6 = Others |value6 = 1.92 |color6 = Grey
|label5 = [[Sadri language|Sadri]] |value5 = 1.25 |color5 = Yellow
|label4 = [[Kurukh language|Orao]] |value4 =1.31 |color4 = LightGreen
}}
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=3,40,163|13=1911|14=3,63,212|15=1921|16=3,19,170|17=1931|18=3,42,245|19=1941|20=3,83,042|21=1951|22=4,48,275|23=1961|24=5,63,598|25=1971|26=7,72,618|27=1981|28=9,89,294|29=1991|30=12,30,608|31=2001|32=15,03,178|33=2011|34=16,76,276|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=right}}According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Dakshin Dinajpur district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 1,676,276.<ref name="districtcensus" /> roughly equal to the nation of [[Guinea-Bissau]].<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison: Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 1 October 2011 | quote =Guinea-Bissau 1,596,677 July 2011 est.
}}</ref> or the US state of [[Idaho]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|title=2010 Resident Population Data
|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau
|access-date=30 September 2011
|quote=Idaho 1,567,582
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019160532/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|archive-date=19 October 2013
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 295th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus /> The district has a population density of {{convert|753|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name=districtcensus /> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001–2011 was 11.16%.<ref name=districtcensus /> Dakshin Dinajpur has a [[sex ratio]] of 954 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males<ref name=districtcensus /> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 73.86%.<ref name=districtcensus />

{{See also|List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate}}

== Languages ==
[[Bengali language|Bengali]] is the principal language of the district. The principal communities are Hindus and Muslims, constituting the major portion of the population. [[Surjapuri language|Surjapuri]] one of the minor dialect is also spoken in this district.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zc77I8CMgTYC&pg=PA508&dq=surjapuri+west+bengal#q=surjapuri+west+bengal|title=The Handbook of Historical Sociolinguistics|first1=Juan Manuel|last1=Hernández-Campoy|first2=Juan Camilo|last2=Conde-Silvestre|date=15 February 2012|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9781118257265|via=Google Books}}</ref>

According to the 2011 census, 84.41% of the population spoke [[Bengali language|Bengali]], 9.68% [[Santali language|Santali]], 1.31% [[Kurukh language|Kurukh]], 1.25% [[Sadri language|Sadri]] and 1.05% [[Kurmali language|Kurmali]] as their first language.

== Education ==
Dakshin Dinajpur University will start functioning from next year. It will be at Mahinagar, Balurghat. There is a government nursing college at Balurghat. There is one JNV present.There is one D.A.V group school (Atreyee DAV Public School) and a Techno Group school at Balurghat.
There is one polytecnic college at Gangarampur (Thengapara), one polytechnic at Teor, 10 km from Balurghat and one I.T.I. (Industrial Training Institute) at Balurghat, but no engineering or medical college. There are a few good schools in Balurghat and Gangarampur. There are four CBSE affiliated and one CISCE affiliated school in Balurghat. Of late, The Green View English Academy is the only CISCE affiliated school in the entire district. The [[Atreyee D.A.V Public School]] has earned several accolades, giving the entire district an honorable position in the academic map of the country. VVM Junior Level National Champion (2018–19), Saswata Bose, is a student of The ADAVPS. Many government schools exist throughout the district. [[Balurghat College]], [[Gangarampur College]] are the most popular colleges. Other colleges across the district is Balurghat Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Kumarganj College, Jamini Majumder Memorial College, S.B.S Govt. College (S.B.S stands for Subal Chandra Bimala Sundari), Nathaniyal Murmu Memorial College, Buniadpur Mahavidyalaya, Dewan Abdul Gani College, Govt. General Degree College. Balurghat has a law college and Six B.Ed colleges as well as Gangarampur has four B.Ed colleges. A college of agriculture has been set up under [[Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya]] at Majhian, 10 km from Balurghat. An agricultural [[Regional Research Station]] for Old Alluvial Zone under [[Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya]] is operating at Majhian. A dental and B.sc nursing college will start functioning at Balurghat from next year.{{when|date=January 2018}}.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website|http://ddinajpur.nic.in}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Dakshin Dinajpur district
|North =
|Northeast =
|East = ''[[Joypurhat District|Joypurhat]], [[Rajshahi Division]], [[Bangladesh]]''
|Southeast =
|South =
|Southwest = [[Malda district]]
|West =
|Northwest = [[North Dinajpur district]]
}}

{{Dakshin Dinajpur}}
{{Dakshin Dinajpur topics}}
{{Districts of West Bengal}}
{{Minority Concentrated Districts in India}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|25.22|N|88.76|E|display=title|region:IN-WB|format=dms}}

[[Category:Dakshin Dinajpur district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Minority Concentrated Districts in India]]
[[Category:1992 establishments in West Bengal]]

Dakshin Dinajpur district - Revision history

Victor6053: cleanup

>Tow7864 at 12:44, 7 June 2021