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{{About||the [[mass surveillance]] [[Traffic analysis#In computer security|Internet traffic analysis]] system by DRDO|DRDO NETRA|Airborne Early Warning and Control System (AEWACS)|DRDO AEW&CS}}

{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
| name = Netra
| image = File:Netra - Unmanned Aerial Vehicle - DRDO - Pride of India - Exhibition - 100th Indian Science Congress - Kolkata 2013-01-03 2574.JPG
| caption = Netra, at the exhibition of [[Indian Science Congress Association#Centenary edition|100th Indian Science Congress]] in [[Kolkata]].<ref name=isjan13>{{cite news|title=DRDO scores a ton at centenary Indian Science Congress|url=http://www.indiastrategic.in/topstories1890_DRDO_scores_a_ton_at_centenary_Indian_Science_Congress.htm|access-date=25 July 2013|newspaper=India Strategic|date=January 2013}}</ref>
}}{{Infobox aircraft type
| type = Mini-[[unmanned aerial vehicle]] (UAV)
| national origin = [[India]]
| manufacturer = IdeaForge
| designer = [[Research and Development Establishment]]
| first flight = 3 July 2010
| introduction = 30 January 2012
| retired = 
| status = Active
| primary user = [[Central Reserve Police Force]]
| more users = [[Border Security Force]]
| produced = 2010-present
| number built = 24<ref name=zeen />
| program cost = 
| unit cost = ₹15 [[lakh]]<ref name=zee /> to ₹55 [[lakh]]<ref name=dg10j13 />
| developed from =
| variants with their own articles =
}}
|}

The '''DRDO Netra''' is an [[India]]n, light-weight, autonomous [[unmanned aerial vehicle|UAV]] for [[surveillance]] and [[reconnaissance]] operations.<ref name=zeen>{{cite news|title=UAV inducted into counter-insurgency ops |url=http://zeenews.india.com/business/news/technology/3-idiots-uav-inducted-into-counter-insurgency-ops_755722.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130208090443/http://zeenews.india.com/business/news/technology/3-idiots-uav-inducted-into-counter-insurgency-ops_755722.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 February 2013 |access-date=1 August 2012 |newspaper=Zee news |date=30 January 2012 }}</ref><ref name=spsau10>{{cite web |title=Unmanned: The Future of Air Wars |url=http://www.spsaviation.net/exclusive/?id=164&h=Unmanned:-The-Future-of-Air-Wars |publisher=SP's Aviation |access-date=10 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605165251/http://www.spsaviation.net/exclusive/?id=164&h=Unmanned%3A-The-Future-of-Air-Wars |archive-date=5 June 2013 }}</ref> It has been jointly developed by the [[Research and Development Establishment]] (R&DE),<ref>{{cite web|title=DRDO develops UAV 'Netra' to aid anti-terror operations| url=http://article.wn.com/view/2010/07/03/DRDO_develops_UAV_Netra_to_aid_antiterror_operations/ |publisher=wn.com|access-date=1 August 2012}}</ref> and IdeaForge, a [[Mumbai]]-based private firm.<ref name=zee>{{cite news|title=DRDO’s UAV Netra to aid in anti-terror operations|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/drdos-uav-netra-to-aid-in-anti-terror-operations_638349.html|access-date=1 August 2012|newspaper=Zee News|date=3 July 2010}}</ref><ref name=ttoi24j13>{{cite news|title=Drones set to crowd Indian skies|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Drones-set-to-crowd-Indian-skies/articleshow/21309475.cms|access-date=25 July 2013|newspaper=The Times of India|date=24 July 2013}}</ref><ref name=dch>{{cite news|title=DRDO develops UAV 'Netra' to aid anti-terror operations|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/78982/drdo-develops-uav-netra-aid.html|access-date=1 August 2012|newspaper=Deccan Herald|date=3 July 2010}}</ref><ref name=gp>{{cite journal|title= Movie UAV to nab rebels|journal=Geopolitics|date=March 2012|page=84|url=http://issuu.com/newsline/docs/e_mag_mar-12part2/search?q=netra|access-date=1 August 2012}}</ref><ref name=hin4859 />

== Design and development ==
The Netra is a lightweight [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|UAV]], constructed of [[Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer|carbon fiber composites]], that uses [[quadcopter]]s to provide lift and control giving a [[VTOL]] capability. It has no moving parts other than the rotors, motors and transmissions, and hence it requires very low maintenance. The use of carbon-fibre has resulted in a light weight of {{convert|1.5|kg|lb|abbr=on|0}}, which makes the Netra very portable.<ref name=idcom>{{cite web|title=Unmanned aerial vehicle Netra a part of anti-insurgency operations |url=http://www.indiandefence.com/forums/indian-defence-industry/14891-now-unmanned-aerial-vehicle-netra-part-anti-insurgency-operations.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126073014/http://www.indiandefence.com/forums/indian-defence-industry/14891-now-unmanned-aerial-vehicle-netra-part-anti-insurgency-operations.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 January 2013 |publisher=indiandefence.com |access-date=1 August 2012 }}</ref> A backpack case allows operators to carry the system to field locations to serve as the base station. It also contains the power supply, military-grade controller, hand-held operator console and the communication systems.<ref name=slt>{{cite web|last=Gupta Ray |first=Shashwat |title=UAV Netra gets into production |url=http://72.78.249.187/SakaalTimesBeta/20120106/4894880887472117130.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121129231737/http://72.78.249.187/SakaalTimesBeta/20120106/4894880887472117130.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 November 2012 |work=Sakaal Times|access-date=1 August 2012 }}</ref><ref name=dc1>{{cite web|title=UAV inducted into counter-insurgency operations |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/node/90251 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109031411/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/node/90251 |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 January 2015 |work=Deccan Chronicle|access-date=1 August 2012 }}</ref>

=== Capabilities ===
{{See also|Quadcopter#Flight control|l1=Flight control in a quadcopter}}
Netra can be launched from a small clearing, and it can fly up to a distance of 2.5 km from its take-off point. The operational altitude of the UAV is 200 m. With an on-board wireless transmitter, it can carry out surveillance in an area of 1.5 km Line of Sight (LOS) at the height of 300 m, for 30 minutes on a single battery charge. It has a high resolution [[Charge-coupled device|CCD]] camera with a pan/tilt and zoom to facilitate wider surveillance and can also carry a thermal camera for night operations. The zoom-in camera can identify human activity up to 500 m away, and can send live video feed of objects within a radius of 5 km.<ref name=zee /><ref name=hindu>{{cite news|title=DRDO develops UAV 'Netra' to aid anti-terrorist operations | url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article498514.ece |access-date=1 August 2012|newspaper=The Hindu|date=3 July 2010|location=Chennai, India}}</ref><ref name=tect7j13 /><ref name=isnov13/> The images are sent through a [[Wireless LAN|local wireless network]] to laptops for monitoring.<ref name=hin4859>{{cite news | url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/three-uavs-deployed-in-uttarakhand-rescue-operations/article4859694.ece |title=Three UAVs deployed in Uttarakhand rescue operations |date=28 June 2013 |location=Chennai, India |work=The Hindu}}</ref>

Flight and navigation is independent of user-input, and is controlled by an on-board [[auto-pilot]] with the help of anti-collision sensors.<ref name=dg10j13 /> The user interface offers [[waypoint]] navigation, in which the user specifies the location of the target and the UAV automatically flies to that location. A built-in fail-safe allows it to return to base if there is loss of communication with the controller or if the battery is low in power. The UAV cannot yet operate in rain and further research is being done to make it operable in all weather conditions.<ref name=zee /><ref name=tect7j13 /><ref name=isnov13/><ref name=ect>{{cite news|title=DRDO develops UAV 'Netra' to aid in anti-terrorist operations|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-07-03/news/27602129_1_unmanned-aerial-vehicle-drdo-development-organisation|work=The Economic Times|access-date=1 August 2012|date=3 July 2010}}</ref>

=== Trials ===
10 prototypes were made during the development stage by DRDO and they were put under tests like the temperature tests (from -10 °C to 55 °C) and high-altitude tests. After the successful trials, the UAV was cleared for production and induction.<ref name=zeen /><ref name=dc1 /><ref name=iex /> The development stage has been completed and Ideaforge is responsible for the production. The company has manufacturing capacity of 10 units per month. The base price of the UAV is ₹15-20 [[lakh]] (1.5-2 million), which can increase on purchase of additional components like a thermal camera.<ref name=zee /><ref name=slt />

=== Further development ===
Ideaforge is also working on a more advanced version of Netra, which will have an increased flight time from the present 30-minute per battery charge.<ref name=zeen />

== Operations ==
Netra has done well in the Indian market, with several central and state armed police forces procuring it, and more police units interested in its capability.<ref name=ibnlsj/> With the civilian use of UAVs gaining popularity in [[India]], ideaForge has given about 200 demonstrations to prospective buyers.<ref name=ttoi24j13 /> The [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|drone]] is designed to be used in hostage situations, border infiltration monitoring, law enforcement operations, [[search and rescue]] operations, [[emergency management|disaster management]] and [[aerial photography]]. It can also be used in [[Naxalite|naxal]]-affected districts, in border locations across [[India]] for [[surveillance]], and for anti-terrorist and counter-insurgency operations in dense forested areas, where it can use its camera payloads to track human activity.<ref name=toi5j13 /> It can also operate in urban quarters, in situations similar to that of the [[2008 Mumbai attacks]].<ref name=zee /><ref name=ect />

It was deployed by the local law enforcement during a political rally in [[Chandigarh]].<ref name=zeen /><ref name=iex /> [[Gujarat Police]] purchased two systems at a unit price of ₹55 [[lakh]] from IdeaForge. In July 2013 during the 136th [[Jagannath Temple, Ahmedabad|Jagannath Rath Yatra]], [[Ahmedabad]] became the first Indian city to use UAVs for [[crowd control|crowd management]].<ref name=tect7j13>{{cite news|title=Gujarat bets on indigenous UAVs to keep surveillance & help in public security|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/20945781.cms|access-date=7 July 2013|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=7 July 2013}}</ref> Three Netra UAVs were used in [[Uttarakhand]] by the [[National Disaster Response Force|NDRF]] for locating people during the [[2013 North India floods]].<ref name=toi5j13>{{cite news|title=Dighi defence setup to lead robotics project|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Dighi-defence-setup-to-lead-robotics-project/articleshow/20920988.cms|access-date=5 July 2013|newspaper=The Times of India|date=5 July 2013}}</ref><ref name=fg5j13>{{cite news|title=How Netra UAVs helped Indian disaster relief effort|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/pictures-how-netra-uavs-helped-indian-disaster-relief-effort-387984/|access-date=17 July 2013|newspaper=Flight Global|date=5 July 2013}}</ref> It was Netra's first deployment in a disaster rescue operation. They were used in [[Badrinath]] and [[Kedarnath]], where real-time monitoring of their video feed helped locate hundreds of survivors with precision.<ref name=hin4859 /><ref name=econ2075>{{cite news |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/to-spot-missing-survivors-3-uavs-overfly-kedarnath/articleshow/20756453.cms |title=To spot missing survivors, 3 UAVs overfly Kedarnath |date=25 June 2013 |work=The Times Of India |first1=Deeptimaan |last1=Tiwary}}</ref> The [[Indo-Tibetan Border Police]] also deployed the UAV on 24 June in remote locations like [[Kedarnath]], Bhairav Chatti and Jungle Chatti to spot survivors.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://newindianexpress.com/nation/UAVs-look-for-survivors-as-new-landslides-rain-hamper-rescue/2013/06/25/article1651437.ece |title=UAVs look for survivors as new landslides, rain hamper rescue |date=25 June 2013 }}</ref>

=== Operators ===
*[[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] - 10 units<ref name=zeen />
*[[Border Security Force]] (BSF)<ref name=isnov13>{{cite web|title=Homeland Security turns to unmanned Systems in India. DRDO’s Netra gains popularity in paramilitary forces|url=http://www.indiastrategic.in/topstories3087_Homeland_Security_turns_to_UAVs_in_India.htm|publisher=India Strategic|access-date=23 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=University students build QuadCopter|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-09-13/goa/42040169_1_uav-quadcopter-goa-university|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009022653/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-09-13/goa/42040169_1_uav-quadcopter-goa-university|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 October 2013|access-date=14 September 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=13 September 2013}}</ref><ref name=ibnlsj>{{cite news|title=Aviation assets for India's paramilitary forces|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/blogs/sauravjha/2976/65192/aviation-assets-for-indias-paramilitary-forces.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424193856/http://ibnlive.in.com/blogs/sauravjha/2976/65192/aviation-assets-for-indias-paramilitary-forces.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 April 2014|access-date=24 April 2014|newspaper=IBN Live|date=23 April 2014}}</ref>
*[[Indo-Tibetan Border Police]]<ref name=ibnlsj/>
*[[Central Reserve Police Force]] (CRPF) - 12 units<ref name=dg10j13 /><ref name=spsau10 /><ref name=isnov13/>
*[[Mumbai Police]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-08-22/news/33322409_1_mumbai-police-uav-unmanned-aerial-vehicle |title=Raj Thackeray’s mega rally: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle kept an eye on Azad Maidan |date=22 August 2012 |work=Mumbai Mirror|access-date=22 August 2012}}</ref>
*[[Maharashtra Police]]
*[[Gujarat Police]] - 2 units<ref name=dg10j13 /><ref name=tect7j13 />
*[[National Disaster Response Force|NDRF]] - 1<ref name=econ2075 />
*[[Indian Army]],<ref name=st11j13>{{cite news |title=R&DE’s UAV Netra watching over Rath Yatra |url=http://www.sakaaltimes.com/NewsDetails.aspx?NewsId=4688190897948173560&SectionId=4924098573178130559SectionName=Latest%20News&NewsTitle=R&DE |access-date=17 July 2013 |newspaper=Sakaal Times |date=11 July 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203062738/http://www.sakaaltimes.com/NewsDetails.aspx?NewsId=4688190897948173560&SectionId=4924098573178130559SectionName%3DLatest%20News&NewsTitle=R&DE |archive-date=3 December 2013 }}</ref> [[Indian Navy]] and several other state police and central paramilitary forces have shown interest in the UAV.<ref name=zeen /><ref name=isnov13/><ref name=iex>{{cite news|last=Kulkarni|first=Pranav|title=Trials successful, Netra to enter production stage|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/trials-successful-netra-to-enter-production-stage/782092/0|access-date=1 August 2012|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=27 April 2011}}</ref>

== Specifications ==

{{Aircraft specs
|ref= [http://www.ideaforge.co.in/web/products/uas IdeaForge product page]
|prime units?=met

|capacity=
|length m=0.9
|length note=
|span m=0.9
|span note=
|height m=
|height note=
|wing area sqm=
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=
|airfoil=
|empty weight kg=1.5
|empty weight note=
|gross weight kg=
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight kg=
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity=Li-Po batteries
|more general=

|eng1 number=4
|eng1 name=electric motors
|eng1 type=
|eng1 kw=
|eng1 hp=
|eng1 shp=
|eng1 kn=
|eng1 lbf=
|eng1 note=

|rot number=4
|rot dia m=
|rot area sqm=
|rot area note=

|max speed kmh=30
|max speed note=<ref name=dg10j13>{{cite news|title=Gujarat Police uses Netra UAV to keep watch over Rath Yatra|url=http://deshgujarat.com/2013/07/10/gujarat-police-uses-netra-uav-to-keep-watch-over-rath-yatra/|access-date=17 July 2013|newspaper=Desh Gujarat|date=10 July 2013}}</ref>
|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed note=
|range km=2.500
|range note=<ref name=tect7j13 />
|combat range km=
|combat range note=
|ferry range km=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=30 minutes
|ceiling m=300
|ceiling note=<ref name=tect7j13 />
|g limits=
|roll rate=
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|disk loading kg/m2=
|disk loading note=
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|power/mass=
|more performance=

|avionics=
:*High resolution CCD camera or Thermal camera
}}

==See also==

*[[Multirotor]]
*[[Parrot AR.Drone]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*[http://www.ideaforge.co.in IdeaForge official website]

=== Images ===
*[https://www.flickr.com/photos/78966197@N08/8344840163/sizes/l/in/photostream/ Netra flying]

=== Videos ===
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RnvcmwPTnRE Netra UAV - Youtube]

{{Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)}}
{{Unmanned aerial vehicles of DRDO}}

[[Category:Unmanned aerial vehicles of India]]
[[Category:Military equipment of India]]
[[Category:DRDO aircraft|Rustom]]

DRDO Netra - Revision history

>GreenC bot: Rescued 1 archive link. Wayback Medic 2.5