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>Renata3: resolve one :Category:Harv and Sfn no-target errors: add missing cite from Demchok sector

2020-11-11T02:52:52Z

resolve one Category:Harv and Sfn no-target errors: add missing cite from Demchok sector

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{{For2|the historical village|[[Demchok (historical village)]]|the Indian-administered village|[[Demchok, Ladakh]]}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Dêmqog
|other_name = Demchok
|native_name = {{resize|80%|{{Bo-textonly|ཌེམ་ཆོག་}}}}, 典角村 
|nickname =
|settlement_type = Village
|motto =

|dot_x = |dot_y =
|pushpin_map = China Tibet#China
|pushpin_label_position = 
|pushpin_map_caption =
|pushpin_mapsize =

|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = [[People's Republic of China|China]]
|subdivision_type1 = Region
|subdivision_name1 = [[Tibet Autonomous Region|Tibet]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China|Prefecture]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Ngari Prefecture]]
|subdivision_type3 = [[Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China#County level|County]]
|subdivision_name3 = [[Gar County]]
|subdivision_type4 = [[Township (China)|Township]]
|subdivision_name4 = [[Zhaxigang]]

| population_footnotes = <ref name="2019-changes">{{cite web |url=http://xz.people.com.cn/n2/2019/0711/c138901-33132423.html |title=典角村"五代房":见证阿里"边境第一村"变迁 |trans-title="Five-generation house" in Dianjiao Village: Witness the changes of Ngari's "No. 1 Border Village" |language=zh |publisher={{ill|China Tibet Network|zh|中国西藏新闻网}} |date=11 July 2019 |access-date=19 July 2020}}</ref>
| population_total = 171
| population_as_of = 2019

|timezone =
|utc_offset =
|timezone_DST =
|utc_offset_DST =
|coordinates = {{coord|32|41|40|N|79|27|45|E|region:CN|display=inline,title}}

|elevation_footnotes =
|elevation_m = 4240
|elevation_ft =13920

|postal_code_type =
|postal_code =
|area_code =

|website =
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
|title=Dêmqog
|pic=
|c = {{linktext|lang=zh|典|角|村}}
|l="Demchok Village"
|p = Diǎnjiǎocūn
|showflag = p
}}

'''Dêmqog''' ({{bo|t=ཌེམ་ཆོག|w=Demchog|z=Dêmqog}}, historical: bDe-mChog),<ref>''Antiquities of Indian Tibet, Part (Volume) II'', by A. H. Francke and edited by F. W. Thomas, (1926), pages 115-116.</ref> traditionally transliterated as '''Demchok''',<ref>{{harvp|Lange, Decoding Mid-19th Century Maps|2017|p=353}}: '... the village of Demchok marked the border between Tibet and Ladakh for a long time. Abdul Wahid Radhu, a former representative of the Lopchak caravan,[14] described Demchok in his travel account as “the first location on the Tibetan side of the border”.'</ref> is a village in the disputed [[Demchok sector]] that is administered as part of the [[Ngari Prefecture]], [[Tibet Autonomous Region]] by China.

== Geography ==
{{OSM Location map
| coord = {{coord|32.63|79.43}} 
| float = right
| zoom = 10
| width = 270
| height = 200
| caption = <center>Dêmqog</center>
| nolabels = 1
| map-data =

| mark-coord1 = {{coord|32.6949|79.4593}}
| mark1 = Red pog.svg
| mark-size1 = 6
| label1 = Dêmqog–China
| label-size1 = 10
| label-color1 = hard red
| label-pos1 = right |label-offset-x8 = 0 |label-offset-y8 = 3
| mark-title1 = Dêmqog
| mark-image1 =
| mark-description1 = Chinese-administered village

| mark-coord2 = {{coord|32.7040811|79.4467432}}
| mark2 = Red pog.svg
| mark-size2 = 6
| label2 = Demchok–India
| label-size2 = 10
| label-color2 = hard red
| label-pos2 = right | label-offset-x1 = 0 | label-offset-y1 = -7
| mark-title2 = Demchok
| mark-image2 =
| mark-description2 = Indian-administered village

| mark-coord11 = {{coord|32.672861|79.168857}}
| mark11 = Black pog.svg
| mark-size11 = 6
| label11 = Chisumle
| label-size11 = 10
| label-color11 = gray
| label-pos11 = top |label-offset-x5 = -10 |label-offset-y5 = 0
| mark-title11 = Chisumle
| mark-image11 =
| mark-description11 =


| mark-coord3 = {{coord|32.80737|79.38093}}
| mark3 = AS-rzeka-icon.svg
| mark-size3 = 12
| label3 = Indus River
| label-size3 = 11
| label-color3 = hard blue
| label-pos3 = right |label-offset-x10 = 0 |label-offset-y10 = 0
| mark-title3 = Indus River
| mark-image3 =
| mark-description3 = Sengge Zangbo

| mark-coord5 = {{coord|32.5098|79.6762}}
| mark5 = Black pog.svg
| mark-size5 = 8
| label5 = Tashigong |labela9 = (Zhaxigang)
| label-size5 = 11
| label-color5 = gray
| label-pos5 = top |label-offset-x9 = 0 |label-offset-y9 = 0
| mark-title5 = Tashigong
| mark-image5 =
| mark-description5 = Zhaxigang

| mark-coord4 = {{coord|32.5993|79.3999}} 
| mark4 = AS-rzeka-icon.svg
| mark-size4 = 14
| label4 = Charding | labela11 = Nullah
| label-size4 = 10
| label-color4 = hard blue
| label-pos4 = right |label-offset-x11 = 0 |label-offset-y11 = 0
| mark-title4 = Charding Nullah
| mark-image4 =
| mark-description4 = Tributary of the Indus river

| mark-coord6 = {{coord|32.6103|79.3498}}
| mark6 = AS-rzeka-icon.svg
| mark-size6 = 12
| label6 = Nilu 
| label-size6 = 10
| label-color6 = hard blue
| label-pos6 = top |label-offset-x12 = 0 |label-offset-y12 = 0
| mark-title6 = Nilu Nullah
| mark-image6 =
| mark-description6 = Tributary of the Charding Nullah

| mark-coord7 = {{coord|32.5818|79.202}}
| mark7 = AS-rzeka-icon.svg
| mark-size7 = 12
| label7 = Koyul |labela13 = Lungpa
| label-size7 = 10
| label-color7 = hard blue
| label-pos7 = left |label-offset-x13 = 0 |label-offset-y13 = -5
| mark-title7 = Koyul Lungpa river
| mark-image7 =
| mark-description7 = Tributary of the Indus river


| mark-coord8 = {{coord|32.5242|79.4019}}
| mark8 = Mountain pass 12x12 n.svg
| mark-size8 = 10
| label8 = Charding La
| label-size8 = 10
| label-color8 = hard red
| label-pos8 = bottom | label-offset-x21 = 0 | label-offset-y21 = 0
| mark-title8 = Charding La
| mark-image8 =
| mark-description8 =

| mark-coord9 = {{coord|32.7758|79.5344}}
| mark9 = Mountain pass 12x12 ne.svg
| mark-size9 = 10
| label9 = Jara La
| label-size9 = 10
| label-color9 = hard red
| label-pos9 = right | label-offset-x22 = 0 | label-offset-y22 = 0
| mark-title9 = Jara La
| mark-image9 =
| mark-description9 = Mountain pass on the Indian claim line

| mark-coord10 = {{coord|32.696355|79.284238}}
| mark10 = Mountain pass 12x12 e.svg
| mark-size10 = 10
| label10 = Umling La 
| label-size10 = 10
| label-color10 = hard red
| label-pos10 = top | label-offset-x24 = -10 | label-offset-y24 = 0
| mark-title10 = Umling La
| mark-image10 =
| mark-description10 = Mountain pass on the Chinese claim line
}}
The [[Line of Actual Control]] (LAC) passes along the northwest side of the village, following the [[Charding Nullah]] upstream from the nearby [[Indus River]]. The Indian-administered village of [[Demchok, Ladakh]] is roughly 600m away, across the stream.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.deccanherald.com/content/41214/F| title = Ladakhis deplore Krishna's remark on Demchok road| access-date = 31 May 2008| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131224101243/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/41214/F| archive-date = 24 December 2013| url-status = live}}</ref><ref name="Chinese-National-Geography"/> The Indian-claimed border extends {{convert|3|mi|km}} southeast of Demchok, while the Chinese-claimed border extends {{convert|10|mi|km}} northwest of Demchok.<ref name="Lamb-1965">{{cite journal |url=http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/AUYrBkIntLaw/1965/4.pdf |title=Treaties, Maps and the Western Sector of the Sino-Indian Boundary Dispute |last=Lamb |first=Alastair |journal=The Australian Year Book of International Law |pages=37–52 |year=1965 |volume=1 |issue=1}}</ref>{{rp|39,48}}

Dêmqog is located on the west bank of the Indus, roughly 30 km from [[Zhaxigang]].<ref name="VOT-2014">{{cite news |url=http://www.vtibet.cn/xw_702/jlxz/201409/t20140918_233516.html |publisher=[[China Tibet Broadcasting]] |title=《追梦喜马拉雅》之典角村的幸福生活 |first=Ying |last=Liu |language=zh |date=18 September 2014 |access-date=19 July 2020}}</ref> It has an average altitude of over 4,000m.<ref name="VOT-2014"/>

==History==
=== 17th to 19th centuries ===
{{Further|Demchok (historical village)}}

The village of [[Demchok (historical village)|Demchok]] was mentioned in the ''[[Chronicles of Ladakh]]'' as the boundary point between Tibet and Ladakh demarcated in the 1684 [[Treaty of Tingmosgang]].{{sfnp|Lamb, Treaties, Maps and the Western Sector|1965|p=38}}

When [[Henry Strachey (explorer)|Henry Strachey]] visited the area in 1847, he described Demchok as a single hamlet with settlements on both the sides of the Lhari stream and the stream as the prevailing border between Ladakh and Tibet.{{sfnp|Lamb, The China-India border|1964|p=68}} A governor (''wazir-e-wazarat'') of Ladakh visited the area in 1904–05 and found the Tibetan Demchok village housing 8 to 9 huts of zamindars (landholders) while the Ladakhi Demchok village had only two zamindars.<ref>{{harvp|Report of the Officials, Indian Report, Part 3|1962|pp=3–4}}: "I visited Demchok on the boundary with Lhasa. ... A nullah falls into the Indus river from the south-west and it (Demchok) is situated at the junction of the river. Across is the boundary of Lhasa, where there are 8 to 9 huts of the Lhasa zamindars. On this side there are only two zamindars."</ref> When [[Sven Hedin]] visited the area in the November 1907, he described Demchok as four or five huts lying on the southeastern bank of the Lhari stream in Tibet, with the Ladakhi side of the Lhari stream only containing the pyramidal Lhari peak and the ruins of two or three houses.<ref>{{harvp|Lange, Decoding Mid-19th Century Maps|2017|pp=353–354, 357}} 'Hedin described the place as follows: "Rolled stones play an important part in the country which we have now reached. The whole of Demchok, ''the last village on the Tibetan side'', is built of them. It consists, however, of only four or five huts with brushwood roofs."'</ref><ref name=Hedin>{{harvp|Hedin, Southern Tibet|1922|p=194}}: "A short distance N. W. of Demchok, the road passes a partly frozen brook [Lhari stream] coming from ''Demchok-pu'', a tributary valley from the left. ... At the left side [Ladakhi side] of the mouth of this little valley, are the ruins of two or three houses, which were said to have belonged to ''Hemi-gompa''. A pyramidal peak at the same.. side of the valley is called ''La-ri'' and said to be sacred. The valley, ''Demchok-pu'', itself is regarded as the boundary between Tibet and Ladak."</ref>

===Chinese administration===
By 1984, there were only three households living in Dêmqog.<ref name="2019-changes" /> In 1984, committees from the Tibet Autonomous Region, Ngari Prefecture, and [[Gar County]] governments selected 24 people from 5 households to move from Jiamu Village, over 100 km away in [[Shiquanhe]], to move to Dêmqog, although 3 of those residents returned to Jiamu Village the following year because they found the climate unsuitable.<ref name="2019-changes" />

In 1990, Dêmqog was administratively established as a village.<ref name="2019-changes"/> In that year, 9 households were selected from Jiamu Village to move to Shoubian in Dêmqog, and there were a total of 15 households in Dêmqog divided into two working groups.<ref name="2019-changes"/>

From 2011 to 2018, the [[Gar County]] government invested more than {{CNY|42 million}} on facilities and rebuilding the local residences.<ref name="Chinese-National-Geography"/>
The construction of the two-storey single-family villas, which replaced the previous low-rise [[adobe]] houses, was completed in 2018.<ref name="Chinese-National-Geography"/>

In 2017, Dêmqog was named a {{ill|National Civilized Village|zh|全国文明城市}} by the [[Central Guidance Commission on Building Spiritual Civilization]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2017-11/17/c_1121973853.htm |title=（受权发布）第五届全国文明城市、文明村镇、文明单位和第一届全国文明校园名单 |language=zh |publisher=[[Xinhua News Agency]] |date=17 November 2017 |access-date=19 July 2020}}</ref>

==Demographics==
In 2019, there were 171 people in 51 households living in Dêmqog, of whom 41 were members of the [[Chinese Communist Party]].<ref name="2019-changes"/> In 2015, the per capita income was {{CNY|8,234}}.<ref name="VOT-2016"/>

==Economy==
The local economy of Dêmqog is largely based on cattle and sheep grazing.<ref name="Chinese-National-Geography"/> The northeast corner of the village contained a small border trade market largely containing Indian handicrafts and Chinese daily necessities that operated from 1999 to 2008.<ref name="Chinese-National-Geography"/>

Residents of Dêmqog receive government subsidies for living in a border region and for living in grasslands.<ref name="VOT-2016">{{cite news |url=http://www.vtibet.cn/tbch/2016zt/2015lsxd_8113/jcxd_8119/201609/t20160912_426250.html |publisher=[[China Tibet Broadcasting]] |title=中印边境示范村——典角新颜 |language=zh |date=12 September 2016|access-date=19 July 2020}}</ref><ref name="Chinese-National-Geography"/>

In 2012, travel writer Romesh Bhattacharji stated that China expected to set up a trading village in Dêmqog, but India never renewed trade after the war. He stated that the southern Dêmqog village has only commercial buildings whereas the northern village has security-related buildings.<ref>{{cite book|first=Romesh |last=Bhattacharji |title=Ladakh: Changing, Yet Unchanged |chapter=Chapter 9: "Changthang: The High Plateau |publisher=Rupa Publications |location=New Delhi |year=2012 |url=https://www.academia.edu/3575075 |via=Academia.edu }}</ref>

==Education==
In 2015, the primary and secondary school enrollment rate for school-age children was 98%.<ref name="VOT-2016"/><ref name="Chinese-National-Geography"/>

==Infrastructure==
Before 2011, Dêmqog lacked electricity and running water.<ref name="Chinese-National-Geography">{{cite magazine |url=https://card.weibo.com/article/m/show/id/2309404509127534575816?_wb_client_=1&object_id=1022%3A2309404509127534575816&extparam=lmid--4509127537747797&luicode=10000011&lfid=1076031826594470&featurecode=newtitle%E5%96%9C%E6%AC%A2 |title=西藏典角村，前方距印度碉堡仅600米 |last1=Zhao |first1=Chunjiang |last2=Gao |first2=Baojun |editor-last=Lei |editor-first=Dongjun |date=May 2020 |publisher=[[Chinese National Geography]] |accessdate=19 July 2020}}</ref> By 2017, the village was completely electrified by two [[photovoltaic power station]]s and had water pumped from two newly drilled wells.<ref name="Chinese-National-Geography"/> The village also has full [[cellular network]] coverage, contains 2 public toilets, and has a landfill.<ref name="Chinese-National-Geography"/>

==See also==
*[[List of towns and villages in Tibet]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{citation |author=India, Ministry of External Affairs |title=Report of the Officials of the Governments of India and the People's Republic of China on the Boundary Question |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AP4ruQEACAAJ |year=1962 |publisher=Government of India Press}}
** Indian Report: {{citation |title=Part 1 |url=http://www.archieve.claudearpi.net/maintenance/uploaded_pics/OR_Part_1.pdf |ref={{sfnref|Report of the Officials, Indian Report, Part 1|1962}}}}; {{citation |title=Part 2 |url=http://www.archieve.claudearpi.net/maintenance/uploaded_pics/OR_Part_2.pdf |ref={{sfnref|Report of the Officials, Indian Report, Part 2|1962}}}}; {{citation |title=Part 3 |url=http://www.archieve.claudearpi.net/maintenance/uploaded_pics/OR_Part_3.pdf |ref={{sfnref|Report of the Officials, Indian Report, Part 3|1962}}}}; {{citation |title=Part 4 |url=http://www.archieve.claudearpi.net/maintenance/uploaded_pics/OR_Part_4.pdf |ref={{sfnref|Report of the Officials, Indian Report, Part 4|1962}}}}
* {{citation |last=Hedin |first=Sven |title=Southern Tibet: Discoveries in Former Times Compared with My Own Researches in 1906–1908: Vol. IV – Kara-korum and Chang-Tang |location=Stockholm |publisher=Lithographic Institute of the General Staff of the Swedish Army |year=1922 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.2214 |ref={{sfnref|Hedin, Southern Tibet|1922}}}}
* {{citation |last=Lamb |first=Alastair |title=The China-India border |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GfgNAQAAMAAJ |year=1964 |publisher=Oxford University Press |ref={{sfnref|Lamb, The China-India border|1964}}}}
* {{cite journal |title=Treaties, Maps and the Western Sector of the Sino-Indian Boundary Dispute |last=Lamb |first=Alastair |journal=The Australian Year Book of International Law |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=37–52 |year=1965 |url=http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/AUYrBkIntLaw/1965/4.pdf |ref={{sfnref|Lamb, Treaties, Maps and the Western Sector|1965}}}}
* {{citation |first=Diana |last=Lange |chapter=Decoding Mid-19th Century Maps of the Border Area between Western Tibet, Ladakh, and Spiti |title=Revue d'Études Tibétaines,The Spiti Valley Recovering the Past and Exploring the Present |date=2017 |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/34449052/Decoding_Mid-19th_Century_Maps_of_the_Border_Area_between_Western_Tibet_Ladakh_and_Spiti |ref={{sfnref|Lange, Decoding Mid-19th Century Maps|2017}}}}

{{Ngari Prefecture}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Demqog, Ngari Prefecture}}
[[Category:Populated places in Ngari Prefecture]]
[[Category:Divided cities]]
[[Category:China–India border]]

Dêmqog, Ngari Prefecture - Revision history

UpdateBot: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

>Renata3: resolve one :Category:Harv and Sfn no-target errors: add missing cite from Demchok sector