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{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Cyananthus lobatus.jpg
| genus = Cyananthus
| species = lobatus
| authority = Wall. ex Benth.
| synonyms = *''Cyananthus farreri'' {{small|(C.Marquand) C.Marquand}}
*''Cyananthus insignis'' {{small|R.E.Grahame}}
*''Cyananthus lobatus'' f. ''albiflorus'' {{small|J.Luo & Shu L.Wang}}
| synonyms_ref = <ref>{{Cite POWO|id=141885-1|title=''Cyananthus lobatus''|access-date=13 April 2022}}</ref>
}}

'''''Cyananthus lobatus''''', commonly known as the '''lobed-leaved [[Cyananthus|cyananth]]''' or '''trailing bellflower''', is an [[ornamental plant|ornamental flowering plant]] of the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Campanulaceae]].

== Description ==
''Cyananthus lobatus'' is a [[perennial plant]] which grows into a low mat up to {{Cvt|10|cm|in}} tall and {{Cvt|10-50|cm|in}} wide. It usually takes two to five years to reach its maximum size.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Royal Horticultural Society |title=Cyananthus lobatus |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/30961/cyananthus-lobatus/details |access-date=2022-04-12 |website=www.rhs.org.uk |language=en-gb}}</ref>

=== Roots ===
Its roots are shaped like carrots, and can be up to {{Cvt|1.3|cm|in}} wide. They have a sturdy [[caudex]] (rootstock) which is branched and has scales towards its end. These scales are [[Ovate (botany)|ovate]] (egg-shaped) or [[lanceolate]] (lance-shaped) and are roughly 4 mm in size.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200022952 |title=Flora of China |publisher=[[Missouri Botanical Garden]] |year=2011 |isbn=9781935641049 |editor-last=Zhengyi |editor-first=Wu |volume=19 |location=St. Louis |pages=507}}</ref>

=== Stems and leaves ===
Its many [[Plant stem|stems]] grow prostrate, or along the ground, and are each {{Cvt|10-25|cm|in}} long.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Girija |first=Thingnam |title=''Cyananthus lobatus'' - Trailing bellflower |url=https://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Trailing%20Bellflower.html |access-date=12 April 2022 |website=Flowers of India}}</ref> They are clustered in a dense turf, and on the ends they are villous, sparsely covered with both long and short soft hairs.<ref name=":3" />

[[File:Leaf morphology obovate.png|left|thumb|150x150px|''C. lobatus'' has obovate leaves and petals]]
The [[Leaf|leaves]] are {{Cvt|1-2.5|cm|in}} long, are dull green in color, and have either a deeply [[lobed]] or toothed shape.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> They are placed alternate, across the stem from one another, and are [[Sessility (botany)|sessile]] (directly connected to the stem) or have very short [[Petiole (botany)|leaf stalks]] which are less than 5 mm long. At the base, there is a wedge shape which tapers into this connection point.<ref name=":3" />

The leaf blades are obovate, a reverse [[Ovate (botany)|ovate]] shape which is narrower towards the base and broadening towards the tip. They can also be several other shapes, including that of a reverse lanceolate shape, a broad tip and narrow base, or a [[rhombus]]-like shape. The texture of the leaf is slightly [[Leather|leathery]]; the bottom side is covered in shaggy hairs and the upper side has sparse stiff hairs or lacks hairs altogether. The edges of the blade are slightly rolled under towards the [[midrib]] of the leaf.<ref name=":3" />

=== Inflorescence ===
The species' [[Flower|flowers]] are the most showy part of the plant. They can be up to {{Cvt|3-4|cm|in}} in diameter. The [[sepal]] tube is prominent and covered in black hairs. It is {{Cvt|1.5-2|cm|in}} long, and a third of it is lobed.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> The [[Pedicel (botany)|pedicels]] which connect the flowers to the stem are {{Cvt|1-3|cm|in}} long and have course, rough hairs. The [[Calyx (botany)|calyx]] tube is cylindrical and has dense brown-red bristle-like hairs.<ref name=":3" />

Each flower has five [[Petal|petals]], which can vary widely in color. They are usually a bright blue-purple, but can also be a paler shade or rarely completely white. The petals are also an obovate shape, similar to that of the species' leaves. Each petal is hairy in the throat, or center, of the flower.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=''Cyananthus lobatus'' |url=http://encyclopaedia.alpinegardensociety.net/plants/Cyananthus/lobatus |access-date=12 April 2022 |website=Alpine Garden Society}}</ref>

== Taxonomy ==
''Cyananthus lobatus'' was described by [[Nathaniel Wallich]] in first volume of the journal ''Illustrations of the Botany of the Himalayan Mountains'' in 1836.<ref name=":3" /> It has a [[Ploidy|chromosome number]] of 2n=28.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gupta |first=Raghbir |last2=Malik |first2=Reyaz |last3=Singh |first3=Vijay |last4=Kumari |first4=Santosh |date=2014 |title=Chromosome numbers and abnormal male meiosis in six species of Campanulaceae from Northwestern Himalayas |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Vijay-Singh-15/publication/264116956_Chromosome_numbers_and_male_meiosis_is_six_species_of_Campanulaceae_from_Northwestern_Himalayas/links/56e5b4fa08ae68afa112a9c9/Chromosome-numbers-and-male-meiosis-is-six-species-of-Campanulaceae-from-Northwestern-Himalayas.pdf |journal=International Journal of Botany and Research |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=39-59 |issn=2277-4815 |via=Research Gate}}</ref>

=== Etymology ===
In English, the species is commonly referred to as the '''lobed-leaved cyananth<ref name=":0" />''' or as '''trailing bellflower'''.<ref name=":1" /> In [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]] it is called '''裂叶蓝钟花''' (Liè yè lán zhōng huā).<ref name=":3" />

=== Infraspecifics ===
''C. lobatus'' var. ''insignis'' is a [[Variety (botany)|variety]] of the species, which has larger flowers that can be up to {{Cvt|5|cm|in}} wide.<ref name=":2" /> While the variety was described as its own species under the name ''Cyananthus insignis'' by R.E. Grahame in 1940, according to the ''[[International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants|Vienna Code]]'' this description was invalid due to the lack of a Latin description and diagnosis, and thus is not accepted.<ref name=":3" />

== Distribution and habitat ==
''Cyananthus lobatus'' is native to the [[Himalayas]], and its range stretches from the [[Himachal Pradesh]] in [[India]] to [[Tibet]] and [[Yunnan]] in [[China]].<ref name=":2" /> It can be found at altitudes of {{Cvt|3300-4500|m|ft}}<ref name=":1" /> and its habitat is grassy slopes and forests.<ref name=":3" />

== Ecology ==
While ''Cyananthus lobatus'' is typically disease free, it can be affected by pests like [[Aphid|aphids]] and [[Tetranychus urticae|glasshouse red spider mites]] when it is grown in a [[greenhouse]].<ref name=":0" />

== Cultivation ==
[[File:RHSAGM.png|border|left|75x75px]]
[[File:Cyananthus lobatus Phadjoling DW Ms.jpg|thumb]]
''Cyananthus lobatus'' was awarded the [[Royal Horticultural Society]] [[Award of Garden Merit]], a designation which signifies that the species is a reliable plant and is suitable for [[Horticulture|cultivation]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Royal Horticultural Society |title=RHS Award of Garden Merit (AGM) plant, fruit & veg award winners |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/trials-awards/award-of-garden-merit |access-date=2022-04-12 |website=www.rhs.org.uk |language=en-gb}}</ref>

The species is capable of being grown in poor soil, but performs better in rich [[humus]]. It requires moist soil with proper drainage, and prefers the ground to be neutral to slightly acidic in [[pH]]. It should be kept cool and at least partially shaded. It is typically grown in gravel or [[Rock garden|rock gardens]] or indoors in pots, and does not require any pruning.<ref name=":0" />

''C. lobatus'' can be [[Propagation of Christmas trees|propagated]] by either seed or cuttings. When propagating by seed, it should be [[Sowing|sown]] as soon as it is ripe; when propagating by cuttings, rooting [[softwood]] should be used in late spring or early summer. The species flowers in the late summer, but will display [[foliage]] from spring to fall.<ref name=":0" />

=== Cultivars ===
The 'Sheriff's Variety' [[cultivar]] of ''Cyananthus lobatus'' has larger flowers which are more pale and lavender in color.<ref name=":2" /> The 'Giant Form' cultivar is larger in size, with a diameter of up to {{Cvt|60|cm|in}}, roughly {{Cvt|10|cm|in}} larger than standard plants of the species. It is sold for use as a cascading plant in rock gardens.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=Cyananthus lobatus Giant Form |url=https://www.edrom-nurseries.co.uk/shop/pc/Cyananthus-lobatus-Giant-Form-p7796.htm |access-date=13 April 2022 |website=Edrom Nurseries}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}{{Commonscat-inline}}{{Cyananthus Navbox}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q5197489}}

[[Category:Campanuloideae]]

Cyananthus lobatus - Revision history

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