>John of Reading: Typo fixing, replaced: ethinic → ethnic, preist → priest

2021-05-20T09:24:37Z

Typo fixing, replaced: ethinic → ethnic, preist → priest

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{{short description|Cultural overview of a state in India}}

The Indian state of [[Jharkhand]] is located in the eastern part of the country and is known for its vivid culture,distinct paintings, traditions and festivals.

== Languages ==
{{More citations needed section|date=November 2018}}
[[Hindi]] is official language of Jharkhand. There are many regional and tribal languages in Jharkhand.<ref>http://www.jharkhandonline.in/about/profile/culture</ref>

The regional languages that belong to the Indo-Aryan branch; in Jharkhand, they are [[Khortha language|Khortha]], [[Sadri language|Nagpuri]], and [[Kurmali language|Kudmali]] spoken by the [[Sadan people|Sadan]]. Other Indo-Aryan languages include [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], [[Magahi language|Magahi]], [[Maithili language|Maithili]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], and [[Odia language|Odia]]. The languages that belong to the [[Austroasiatic languages|Austroasiatic]] branch are [[Mundari language|Mundari]], [[Santali language|Santali]], and
[[Ho language|Ho]]. The languages that belong to the [[Dravidian language|Dravidian]] language family are
[[Kurukh language|Kurukh]] and [[Malto language|Malto]].

==Cuisine==
{{see also|Cuisine of Jharkhand}}
The staple foods in Jharkhand are rice, [[dal]], vegetables, and [[tuber]]s. Some dishes include Chilka [[roti]], Pilts [[Malpua]], Dhuska, Arsa roti, and Litti Chokha. Rugra (a type of mushroom) and bamboo shoots are also used as vegetables.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://greatindianfood.in/10-dishes-cuisine-jharkhand-must-try-least-life/|title=10 Dishes of Cuisine of Jharkhand you must try at least once in Life|date=30 September 2016|newspaper=Great Indian Food|language=en-US|accessdate=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203080725/https://greatindianfood.in/10-dishes-cuisine-jharkhand-must-try-least-life/|archive-date=3 February 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jharkhandtourism.in/artculture/cuisines.htm|title=::Jharkhand Tourism::Cusines|website=www.jharkhandtourism.in|accessdate=2 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170226222111/http://jharkhandtourism.in/artculture/cuisines.htm|archive-date=2017-02-26|url-status=live}}</ref> The leaves of the Munga tree (''[[Moringa oleifera]]'') and the Koinar tree (''[[Bauhinia variegata]]'') are used as leafy vegetables or [[Saag]].<ref>https://indianvagabond.com/2016/04/15/tribal-food-of-chota-nagpur/</ref>

Local alcoholic drinks are [[Handia (drink)|Handia]] made from rice and ''Mahua [[Desi daru|daru]]'' made from flowers of the [[Madhuca longifolia|Mahua]] tree.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rkmp.co.in/general-domain/rice-facts/hadia-is-a-popular-beverage-of-jharkhand|title=Hadia is a popular beverage of Jharkhand {{!}} Rice Knowledge Management Portal – Rice, Paddy, Dhan, Chawal, Rice Research Domain, Rice Extension Domain, Rice Farmers Domain, Rice General Domain, Rice Service Domain, RKMP, Rice in India, Rice Government Schemes, Rice ITKs, Rice FLDs, Rice Package of Practices|website=www.rkmp.co.in|language=en|accessdate=2 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1040303/asp/jharkhand/story_2832423.asp|title=The Telegraph – Calcutta : Jharkhand|website=www.telegraphindia.com|accessdate=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203161946/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1040303/asp/jharkhand/story_2832423.asp|archive-date=3 February 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/High-time-to-make-most-of-mahua/articleshow/19687715.cms|title=High time to make most of mahua – Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India|accessdate=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170209082700/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/High-time-to-make-most-of-mahua/articleshow/19687715.cms|archive-date=2017-02-09|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Festivals==
===Karam===
{{Main|Karam (festival)}}
Karam is a major native harvest festival of Jharkhand. It is celebrated on the 11th day of a full moon of the month of [[Bhadra (Hindu calendar)|Bhado]] by the Sadan (Khortha, Nagpuri, Kurmali-speaking ethnic group) and the tribal (Munda, Santal and Kurukh) people of Jharkhand.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indroyc.com/2012/09/26/karma/ |title={title} |access-date=2018-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327154052/http://indroyc.com/2012/09/26/karma/ |archive-date=2016-03-27 |url-status=live }}</ref> During this festival, people bring branches of the [[Neolamarckia cadamba|Karam tree]] to the village and then place them on the ground. The branches are washed with milk and [[Handia (drink)|handia]], and decorated with garlands, curd, rice, flowers and grains. The village priest "Pahan" offer sacrifice of Karm devta for good harvest.

===Jitia===
{{Main|Jivitputrika}}
During the festival of Jitia, mothers fast for the well being of their children. It is celebrated from the seventh to the ninth lunar day of [[Paksha|Krishna-Paksha]], in the month of [[Ashvin|Ashwin]].

===Nawakhani===
Nawakhani is an important festival that occurs in Jharkhand. During this festival, grains are eaten following the harvest.

===Sohrai/Bandna===
{{Main|Sohrai}}
Sohrai is a cattle festival of Jharkhand's. It is celebrated during the [[Amavasya]] of the month of [[Kartik (month)|Kartik]]. It coincides with the [[Diwali]] festival. People fast throughout the day, and bathe their cattle. In the evening, sacrifices are offered to the cattle deity.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jharkhandonline.in/about/profile/culture/festivals |title={title} |access-date=2018-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030093959/http://www.jharkhandonline.in/about/profile/culture/festivals |archive-date=2018-10-30 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Phaguwa===
Phaguwa, or [[Holi]], is the spring festival which falls in the month of [[Falgun|Phalgun]]. In spring, people collect [[sal (tree)|sal]] flower blossoms and place them on their roofs. There are special songs and dances for this festival.

===Sarna===
The Sarna is [[sacred grove]]. The worship of gaon khunt/gram deoti takes place in Sarna twice a year before sowing seeds and harvesting. In this festival, villagers offer sacrifices to their respective village deity or [[Gramadevata|Gramdev]] in their sacred grove for good harvest.

===Other festivals===
Other festivals include but are not limited to the Tussu, Vaha, Sarhul, and [[Dussehra]] festivals.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7PWhBQAAQBAJ&q=Jharkhand+General+Knowledge+festivals&pg=PA53 |title={title} |isbn=9788174822468 |access-date=2018-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014092915/https://books.google.com/books?id=7PWhBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA53&lpg=PA53&dq=Jharkhand+General+Knowledge+festivals&source=bl&ots=QEjeHPFVq_&sig=lw3_zIeAVXGUQnFqY-f6t6sTuOY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjkjp2O94TeAhUPX30KHep1BDU4ChDoATAKegQIBRAB#v=onepage&q=Jharkhand%20General%20Knowledge%20festivals&f=false |archive-date=2018-10-14 |url-status=live |last1=Khanna |first1=Dr. C. L. |date=September 2010 }}</ref>

==Folk dances==
{{Main|Folk dances of Jharkhand}}
There are several folk dances in Jharkhand, including Jhumair, Domkach, Lahasua, Vinsariya, Jhumta, Fagua, Painki, and Chhau.<ref>http://jharkhandtourism.gov.in/content/explore/art</ref>

*[[Jhumair]]: Being a popular folk dance in Jharkhand, it is performed during harvest and festival season in which people hold hands and dance in circles. It is folk dance of [[Sadan people|Sadan]], native Indo-Aryan ethnic groups of Jharkhand. The musical instruments used in this festival include Mandar, Dhol, Bansi, Nagara, Dhak, Shehnai, and Khartal. There are varieties to this dance, such as Khortha Jhumair, Nagpuri Jhumair, and Kurmali Jhumair. The Nagpuri version also have [[Mardani Jhumair]] and Janani Jhumair as varieties.
*[[Domkach]]: A [[Nagpuri people|Nagpuri]] folk dance performed by the family of the bridegroom on the occasion of marriage. The theme of the songs carried in this dance is satirical. Some of the many songs played are ek haria, dohri, adh ratia, bihanwa.
*Painki: Also known as Paika is a [[Nagpuri people#Music and dance|nagpuri]] martial dance performed by men wearing [[ghungroo]]s. The dance is composed of sword and shield carrying accompanied by music played on the Nagara, Dhak, and Shehnai.
*[[Chhau dance]]: A semi-classical dance with martial, tribal, and folk traditions. Seraikella Chhau is found in Seraikella district of Jharkhand.
*Mundari dance: A dance performed by the [[Munda people#Culture and tradition|Munda tribe]] during harvest and festival season.
*Santali dance: A dance performed by the [[Santal people|Santal tribe]] during harvest and festival season.

Musical instruments used include [[Madal|Mandar]], [[Dhol]]ki, [[Bansuri|Bansi]], [[Naqareh|Nagara]], [[Dhak (instrument)|Dhak]], [[Shehnai]], [[Khartal]], and Narsinga, among others.

==Paintings==
[[File:Sohrai wall painting jharkhand India.jpg|thumb|Sohrai wall painting jharkhand]]
Sahrai painting is performed during the [[Sohrai]] festival. Various designs are painted in courtyards and on walls.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7PWhBQAAQBAJ&q=Jharkhand+General+Knowledge+festivals&pg=PA53 |title={title} |isbn=9788174822468 |access-date=2018-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014092915/https://books.google.com/books?id=7PWhBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA53&lpg=PA53&dq=Jharkhand+General+Knowledge+festivals&source=bl&ots=QEjeHPFVq_&sig=lw3_zIeAVXGUQnFqY-f6t6sTuOY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjkjp2O94TeAhUPX30KHep1BDU4ChDoATAKegQIBRAB#v=onepage&q=Jharkhand%20General%20Knowledge%20festivals&f=false |archive-date=2018-10-14 |url-status=live |last1=Khanna |first1=Dr. C. L. |date=September 2010 }}</ref>

==Tattoo==
The local tattoo tradition of Godna is an essential part of local tradition.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7PWhBQAAQBAJ&q=Jharkhand+General+Knowledge+festivals&pg=PA53 |title={title} |isbn=9788174822468 |access-date=2018-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014092915/https://books.google.com/books?id=7PWhBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA53&lpg=PA53&dq=Jharkhand+General+Knowledge+festivals&source=bl&ots=QEjeHPFVq_&sig=lw3_zIeAVXGUQnFqY-f6t6sTuOY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjkjp2O94TeAhUPX30KHep1BDU4ChDoATAKegQIBRAB#v=onepage&q=Jharkhand%20General%20Knowledge%20festivals&f=false |archive-date=2018-10-14 |url-status=live |last1=Khanna |first1=Dr. C. L. |date=September 2010 }}</ref>

== Cinema ==
{{Main|Cinema of Jharkhand|}}
Jharkhand produces many films in regional languages, including [[Nagpuri cinema|Nagpuri]], [[Khortha cinema|Khortha]], [[Santali cinema|Santali]], [[Ho language|Ho]], and [[Kurukh language|Kurukh]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/pti-news/2017/nov/03/jharkhand-govt-gives-approval-for-production-of-20-films-1690803.html |title={title} |access-date=2018-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014165012/http://www.newindianexpress.com/pti-news/2017/nov/03/jharkhand-govt-gives-approval-for-production-of-20-films-1690803.html |archive-date=2018-10-14 |url-status=live }}</ref> The first feature film of Jharkhand was ''Aakarant'', made under the banner of Drishyantar International in 1988. The first Nagpuri film was ''Sona Kar Nagpur'' (1994), produced and directed by Dhananjay Nath Tiwari.<ref name="jharkhand1">{{cite web|url=http://forum.jharkhand.org.in/2009/02/jharkhand-film-industry-daastan-e.html?m=0 |title=Jharkhand.org.in | The public website of Jharkhand State |publisher=Forum.jharkhand.org.in |date= |accessdate=2018-11-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=our correspondent |url=https://in.news.yahoo.com/6-day-fest-100-years-party-000000068.html |title=6-day fest for 100 years' party |publisher=In.news.yahoo.com |date=2018-11-10 |accessdate=2017-06-30}}</ref><ref>https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Sona+Kar+Nagpur%22#d=gs_qabs&p=&u=%23p%3DttuPOghA_VEJ</ref><ref>https://curazy.blogspot.com/2016/05/list-film-industries-name-world.html</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Culture of Jharkhand| ]]

Culture of Jharkhand - Revision history

>John of Reading: Typo fixing, replaced: ethinic → ethnic, preist → priest