Computer science - Revision history

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	in which Louis Fein argues for the creation of a ''Graduate School in Computer Sciences'' analogous to the creation of [[Harvard Business School]] in 1921,<ref>{{cite web\|title=Stanford University Oral History\|url=http://library.stanford.edu/guides/stanford-university-oral-history\|publisher=Stanford University\|access-date=May 30, 2013}}</ref> justifying the name by arguing that, like [[management science]], the subject is applied and interdisciplinary in nature, while having the characteristics typical of an academic discipline.<ref name="Fine_1959"/>		in which Louis Fein argues for the creation of a ''Graduate School in Computer Sciences'' analogous to the creation of [[Harvard Business School]] in 1921,<ref>{{cite web\|title=Stanford University Oral History\|url=http://library.stanford.edu/guides/stanford-university-oral-history\|publisher=Stanford University\|access-date=May 30, 2013}}</ref> justifying the name by arguing that, like [[management science]], the subject is applied and interdisciplinary in nature, while having the characteristics typical of an academic discipline.<ref name="Fine_1959"/>
	His efforts, and those of others such as [[numerical analysis\|numerical analyst]] [[George Forsythe]], were rewarded: universities went on to create such departments, starting with Purdue in 1962.<ref>[[Donald Knuth]] (1972). ''[http://www.stanford.edu/dept/ICME/docs/history/forsythe_knuth.pdf "George Forsythe and the Development of Computer Science"]''. ''Comms. ACM''. {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020200802/http://www.stanford.edu/dept/ICME/docs/history/forsythe_knuth.pdf \|date=October 20, 2013 }}</ref> Despite its name, a significant amount of computer science does not involve the study of computers themselves. Because of this, several alternative names have been proposed.<ref>{{cite web \|author=Matti Tedre \|year=2006 \|url=http://epublications.uef.fi/pub/urn_isbn_952-458-867-6/urn_isbn_952-458-867-6.pdf \|title=The Development of Computer Science: A Sociocultural Perspective \|page=260 \|access-date=December 12, 2014}}</ref>Certain departments of major universities prefer the term ''computing science'', to emphasize precisely that difference. Danish scientist [[Peter Naur]] suggested the term ''datalogy'',<ref>		His efforts, and those of others such as [[numerical analysis\|numerical analyst]] [[George Forsythe]], were rewarded: universities went on to create such departments, starting with Purdue in 1962.<ref>[[Donald Knuth]] (1972). ''[http://www.stanford.edu/dept/ICME/docs/history/forsythe_knuth.pdf "George Forsythe and the Development of Computer Science"]''. ''Comms. ACM''. {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020200802/http://www.stanford.edu/dept/ICME/docs/history/forsythe_knuth.pdf \|date=October 20, 2013 }}</ref> Despite its name, a significant amount of computer science does not involve the study of computers themselves. Because of this, several alternative names have been proposed.<ref>{{cite web \|author=Matti Tedre \|year=2006 \|url=http://epublications.uef.fi/pub/urn_isbn_952-458-867-6/urn_isbn_952-458-867-6.pdf \|title=The Development of Computer Science: A Sociocultural Perspective \|page=260 \|access-date=December 12, 2014}}</ref> Certain departments of major universities prefer the term ''computing science'', to emphasize precisely that difference. Danish scientist [[Peter Naur]] suggested the term ''datalogy'',<ref>
	{{cite journal		{{cite journal
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	\| [[Models of computation]]		\| [[Models of computation]]
	\| [[Quantum computer\|Quantum computing theory]]		\| [[Quantum computer\|Quantum computing theory]]
	\| [[~~Circuit_~~(~~computer_science~~)\|Logic circuit theory]]		\| [[Circuit (computer science)\|Logic circuit theory]]
	\| [[Cellular automata]]		\| [[Cellular automata]]
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	{{main\|Software engineering}}		{{main\|Software engineering}}
	{{see also\|Computer programming}}		{{see also\|Computer programming}}
	Software engineering is the study of designing, implementing, and modifying the software in order to ensure it is of high quality, affordable, maintainable, and fast to build. It is a systematic approach to software design, involving the application of engineering practices to software. Software engineering deals with the organizing and analyzing of software—it doesn't just deal with the creation or manufacture of new software, but its internal arrangement and maintenance. For example [[software testing]], [[systems engineering]], [[technical debt]] and [[~~Software~~ development process~~\|software development processes~~]].		Software engineering is the study of designing, implementing, and modifying the software in order to ensure it is of high quality, affordable, maintainable, and fast to build. It is a systematic approach to software design, involving the application of engineering practices to software. Software engineering deals with the organizing and analyzing of software—it doesn't just deal with the creation or manufacture of new software, but its internal arrangement and maintenance. For example [[software testing]], [[systems engineering]], [[technical debt]] and [[software development process]]es.

	==Discoveries==		==Discoveries==
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 ==Discoveries==
 The philosopher of computing [[William J. Rapaport|Bill Rapaport]] noted three ''Great Insights of Computer Science'':<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cse.buffalo.edu/~rapaport/computation.html|title=What Is Computation?|publisher=State University of New York at Buffalo|last = Rapaport|first = William J.|date = 20 September 2013}}</ref>
 === Answering the question ===

WikiJoy: Discoveries

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Discoveries

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	Software engineering is the study of designing, implementing, and modifying the software in order to ensure it is of high quality, affordable, maintainable, and fast to build. It is a systematic approach to software design, involving the application of engineering practices to software. Software engineering deals with the organizing and analyzing of software—it doesn't just deal with the creation or manufacture of new software, but its internal arrangement and maintenance. For example [[software testing]], [[systems engineering]], [[technical debt]] and [[Software development process\|software development processes]].		Software engineering is the study of designing, implementing, and modifying the software in order to ensure it is of high quality, affordable, maintainable, and fast to build. It is a systematic approach to software design, involving the application of engineering practices to software. Software engineering deals with the organizing and analyzing of software—it doesn't just deal with the creation or manufacture of new software, but its internal arrangement and maintenance. For example [[software testing]], [[systems engineering]], [[technical debt]] and [[Software development process\|software development processes]].

			==Discoveries==
			The philosopher of computing [[William J. Rapaport\|Bill Rapaport]] noted three ''Great Insights of Computer Science'':<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.cse.buffalo.edu/~rapaport/computation.html\|title=What Is Computation?\|publisher=State University of New York at Buffalo\|last = Rapaport\|first = William J.\|date = 20 September 2013}}</ref>

	=== Answering the question ===		=== Answering the question ===

WikiJoy: Software engineering

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Software engineering

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	{{main\|Social computing\|Human-computer interaction}}		{{main\|Social computing\|Human-computer interaction}}
	Social computing is an area that is concerned with the intersection of social behavior and computational systems. Human-computer interaction research develops theories, principles, and guidelines for user interface designers.		Social computing is an area that is concerned with the intersection of social behavior and computational systems. Human-computer interaction research develops theories, principles, and guidelines for user interface designers.

			====Software engineering====
			{{main\|Software engineering}}
			{{see also\|Computer programming}}
			Software engineering is the study of designing, implementing, and modifying the software in order to ensure it is of high quality, affordable, maintainable, and fast to build. It is a systematic approach to software design, involving the application of engineering practices to software. Software engineering deals with the organizing and analyzing of software—it doesn't just deal with the creation or manufacture of new software, but its internal arrangement and maintenance. For example [[software testing]], [[systems engineering]], [[technical debt]] and [[Software development process\|software development processes]].


	=== Answering the question ===		=== Answering the question ===

WikiJoy: Social computing and human-computer interaction

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Social computing and human-computer interaction

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	\| [[Computational musicology]]		\| [[Computational musicology]]
	\|}		\|}

			====Social computing and human-computer interaction====
			{{main\|Social computing\|Human-computer interaction}}
			Social computing is an area that is concerned with the intersection of social behavior and computational systems. Human-computer interaction research develops theories, principles, and guidelines for user interface designers.

	=== Answering the question ===		=== Answering the question ===

WikiJoy: box

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box

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	[[Scientific computing]] (or [[computational science]]) is the field of study concerned with constructing [[scientific modelling\|mathematical models]] and [[numerical analysis\|quantitative analysis]] techniques and using computers to analyze and solve [[Science\|scientific]] problems. A major usage of scientific computing is [[simulation]] of various processes, including computational [[fluid dynamics]], physical, electrical, and electronic systems and circuits, as well as societies and social situations (notably war games) along with their habitats, among many others. Modern computers enable optimization of such designs as complete aircraft. Notable in electrical and electronic circuit design are SPICE,<ref>Muhammad H. Rashid, 2016. SPICE for Power Electronics and Electric Power. CRC Press. p. 6. {{ISBN\|978-1-4398-6047-2}}.</ref> as well as software for physical realization of new (or modified) designs. The latter includes essential design software for [[integrated circuit]]s.{{Citation needed\|date=October 2010}}		[[Scientific computing]] (or [[computational science]]) is the field of study concerned with constructing [[scientific modelling\|mathematical models]] and [[numerical analysis\|quantitative analysis]] techniques and using computers to analyze and solve [[Science\|scientific]] problems. A major usage of scientific computing is [[simulation]] of various processes, including computational [[fluid dynamics]], physical, electrical, and electronic systems and circuits, as well as societies and social situations (notably war games) along with their habitats, among many others. Modern computers enable optimization of such designs as complete aircraft. Notable in electrical and electronic circuit design are SPICE,<ref>Muhammad H. Rashid, 2016. SPICE for Power Electronics and Electric Power. CRC Press. p. 6. {{ISBN\|978-1-4398-6047-2}}.</ref> as well as software for physical realization of new (or modified) designs. The latter includes essential design software for [[integrated circuit]]s.{{Citation needed\|date=October 2010}}

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			\| [[Computational musicology]]
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	=== Answering the question ===		=== Answering the question ===

WikiJoy: Applied computer science

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Applied computer science

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			===Applied computer science===
			====Computational science, finance and engineering====
			{{main\|Computational science\|Computational finance\|Computational engineering}}

			[[Scientific computing]] (or [[computational science]]) is the field of study concerned with constructing [[scientific modelling\|mathematical models]] and [[numerical analysis\|quantitative analysis]] techniques and using computers to analyze and solve [[Science\|scientific]] problems. A major usage of scientific computing is [[simulation]] of various processes, including computational [[fluid dynamics]], physical, electrical, and electronic systems and circuits, as well as societies and social situations (notably war games) along with their habitats, among many others. Modern computers enable optimization of such designs as complete aircraft. Notable in electrical and electronic circuit design are SPICE,<ref>Muhammad H. Rashid, 2016. SPICE for Power Electronics and Electric Power. CRC Press. p. 6. {{ISBN\|978-1-4398-6047-2}}.</ref> as well as software for physical realization of new (or modified) designs. The latter includes essential design software for [[integrated circuit]]s.{{Citation needed\|date=October 2010}}

	=== Answering the question ===		=== Answering the question ===