Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) - Revision history

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	\| colours = {{Color box\|{{party color\|Communist Party of India}}\|border=darkgray}} [[Red (colour)\|Red]]		\| colours = {{Color box\|{{party color\|Communist Party of India}}\|border=darkgray}} [[Red (colour)\|Red]]
	\| symbol =		\| symbol =
	\| newspaper = ''[[Liberation ~~Magazine\|Liberation]]~~'' (English)<br>[[Deshabrati]] (Bengali)		\| newspaper = ''Liberation'' (English)<br>Deshabrati (Bengali)
	}}		}}
	{{Indcom}}		{{Indcom}}

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← Older revision		Revision as of 03:41, 25 May 2022
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	{{short description\|Far-left political party in India from ~~1969-72~~}}		{{short description\|Far-left political party in India from 1969–72}}
	{{Other uses\|Communist Party of India (disambiguation)}}		{{Other uses\|Communist Party of India (disambiguation)}}
	{{More citations needed\|date=September 2014}}		{{More citations needed\|date=September 2014}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=October 2015}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=October 2015}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=October 2015}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=October 2015}}
	{{Infobox ~~Indian~~ political party		{{Infobox political party
	\| colorcode = {{party color\|Communist Party of India}}		\| colorcode = {{party color\|Communist Party of India}}
	\| logo = ~~[[File:~~South Asian Communist Banner.svg~~\|200px]]~~		\| logo = South Asian Communist Banner.svg
	\| ~~party_name~~ = Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)		\| name = Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)
	\| foundation = 22 April 1969		\| foundation = 22 April 1969
	\| dissolution = 31 July 1972		\| country = India
	\| ~~founder~~ = [[Charu Majumdar~~]]<br>[[Kanu Sanyal]]<br>[[Jangal Santhal~~]]		\| dissolution = 31 July 1972
	\| split = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]		\| general_secretary = [[Charu Majumdar]]
	\| ~~successor~~ = [[~~Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation~~]],<br> [[~~Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) (Mahadev Mukherjee)]]~~		\| split = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
			\| ideology = {{ubl\|[[Communism]]<br>[[Marxism–Leninism]]<br>[[Maoism\|Mao Zedong Thought]]<ref name="Ray1980">{{cite book \| author = Hemen Ray \| date = 1980 \| title = Peking and the Indian Communists: The Strategy and Tactics of the CCP Toward the Indian Communist Movement in the Evolution of Sino-Indian and Sino-Soviet Conflicts \| publisher = Jaico Publishing House \| pages = 174\| oclc = 1064353324 \| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=hX8eAAAAMAAJ}}</ref><br>[[Anti-revisionism]]}}
	~~\| ideology = [[Communism~~]]<br>[[~~Marxism–Leninism~~]]<br>[[~~Mao Zedong Thought~~]]		\| position = [[Far-left politics\|Far-left]]
	\| position = [[Far-left politics\|Far-left]]		\| colours = {{Color box\|{{party color\|Communist Party of India}}\|border=darkgray}} [[Red (colour)\|Red]]
	\| colours = {{Color box\|{{party color\|Communist Party of India}}\|border=darkgray}} [[Red (colour)\|Red]]		\| symbol =
	\| symbol =		\| newspaper = ''[[Liberation Magazine\|Liberation]]'' (English)<br>[[Deshabrati]] (Bengali)
	}}		}}
	{{Indcom}}		{{Indcom}}
	The '''Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)''' ('''CPI (ML)''') was an Indian [[communist party]] formed by the [[All India Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries]] (AICCCR) at a congress in [[Calcutta]] in 1969. The foundation of the party was declared by [[Kanu Sanyal]] at a mass meeting in Calcutta on 22 April, [[Vladimir Lenin]]'s birthday. Later the party splintered into several [[~~Naxalites~~]] groups~~.The biggest successor groups are [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation]] and [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) (Mahadev Mukherjee)]]~~.
			The '''Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)''' ('''CPI (ML)''') was an Indian [[communist party]] formed by the [[All India Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries]] (AICCCR) at a congress in [[Calcutta]] in 1969. The foundation of the party was declared by [[Kanu Sanyal]] at a mass meeting in Calcutta on 22 April, [[Vladimir Lenin]]'s birthday. Later the CPI(ML) party splintered into several [[Naxalite–Maoist insurgency\|Naxalite]] groups.

	==Origin==		==Origin==
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	[[Category:1969 establishments in West Bengal]]		[[Category:1969 establishments in West Bengal]]
	[[Category:1972 disestablishments in India]]		[[Category:1972 disestablishments in India]]
			[[Category:Anti-revisionist organizations]]
			[[Category:Stalinist parties]]
			[[Category:Maoist organisations in India]]
	[[Category:Defunct communist parties in India]]		[[Category:Defunct communist parties in India]]
	[[Category:Left-wing militant groups in India]]		[[Category:Left-wing militant groups in India]]
	[[Category:Political parties in West Bengal]]		[[Category:Political parties in West Bengal]]
	[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) breakaway groups]]		[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) breakaway groups]]

->Vif12vf: Reverted edits by 117.226.203.51 (talk) to last version by PrimeBOT

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← Older revision		Revision as of 20:09, 9 January 2022
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	{{Use dmy dates\|date=October 2015}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=October 2015}}
	{{Infobox Indian political party		{{Infobox Indian political party
	\| colorcode = {{Communist Party of India~~/meta/color~~}}		\| colorcode = {{party color\|Communist Party of India}}
	\| logo = [[File:South Asian Communist Banner.svg\|200px]]		\| logo = [[File:South Asian Communist Banner.svg\|200px]]
	\| party_name = Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)		\| party_name = Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)
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	\| founder = [[Charu Majumdar]]<br>[[Kanu Sanyal]]<br>[[Jangal Santhal]]		\| founder = [[Charu Majumdar]]<br>[[Kanu Sanyal]]<br>[[Jangal Santhal]]
	\| split = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]		\| split = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
	\| successor =		\| successor = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation]],<br> [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) (Mahadev Mukherjee)]]
	\| ideology = [[Communism]]<br>[[Marxism–Leninism]]
			\| ideology = [[Communism]]<br>[[Marxism–Leninism]]<br>[[Mao Zedong Thought]]
	\| position = [[Far-left politics\|Far-left]]		\| position = [[Far-left politics\|Far-left]]
	\| colours = {{Color box\|{{Communist Party of India~~/meta/color~~}}\|border=darkgray}} [[Red (colour)\|Red]]		\| colours = {{Color box\|{{party color\|Communist Party of India}}\|border=darkgray}} [[Red (colour)\|Red]]
	\| symbol =		\| symbol =
	}}		}}
	{{Indcom}}		{{Indcom}}
	The '''Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)''' ('''CPI (ML)''') was an Indian [[communist party]] formed by the [[All India Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries]] (AICCCR) at a congress in [[Calcutta]] in 1969. The foundation of the party was declared by [[Kanu Sanyal]] at a mass meeting in Calcutta on 22 April, [[Vladimir Lenin]]'s birthday. Later the party splintered into several ~~minor~~ [[~~Naxal~~]]/[[~~Maoist~~]] ~~groups~~.		The '''Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)''' ('''CPI (ML)''') was an Indian [[communist party]] formed by the [[All India Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries]] (AICCCR) at a congress in [[Calcutta]] in 1969. The foundation of the party was declared by [[Kanu Sanyal]] at a mass meeting in Calcutta on 22 April, [[Vladimir Lenin]]'s birthday. Later the party splintered into several [[Naxalites]] groups.The biggest successor groups are [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation]] and [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) (Mahadev Mukherjee)]].

	==Origin==		==Origin==
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	=== Naxalbari uprising ===		=== Naxalbari uprising ===
	{{main article\|Naxalbari uprising}}		{{main article\|Naxalbari uprising}}
	It occurred in Naxalbari of Siliguri subdivision, Darjeeling district under the leadership of communist leaders like Charu Majumdar and others who later became the part of CPI (ML).<ref name="auto">{{Cite news\|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/history-of-naxalism/story-4f1rZukARGYn3qHOqDMEbM.html\|title=The Hindustan Times\|work=History of Naxalism}}</ref>		It occurred in Naxalbari of Siliguri subdivision, Darjeeling district under the leadership of communist leaders like Charu Majumdar and others who later became the part of CPI (ML).<ref name="auto">{{Cite news\|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/history-of-naxalism/story-4f1rZukARGYn3qHOqDMEbM.html\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814222816/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/history-of-naxalism/story-4f1rZukARGYn3qHOqDMEbM.html\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=14 August 2016\|title=The Hindustan Times\|work=History of Naxalism}}</ref>

	=== Srikakulam peasant uprising ===		=== Srikakulam peasant uprising ===
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	*[[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Class Struggle]]		*[[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Class Struggle]]
	*[[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) New Democracy]] led by Yatendra Kumar		*[[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) New Democracy]] led by Yatendra Kumar
			*Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) People's Liberation
	*[[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Somnath]] led by Somnath Chatterjee Ukhra and Pradip Banerjee		*[[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Somnath]] led by Somnath Chatterjee Ukhra and Pradip Banerjee
	*[[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Shantipal]]		*[[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Shantipal]]

>SdkbBot: /* After 1970 */General fixes, removed erroneous space

2021-06-21T17:53:48Z

After 1970: General fixes, removed erroneous space

New page

{{short description|Far-left political party in India from 1969-72}}
{{Other uses|Communist Party of India (disambiguation)}}
{{More citations needed|date=September 2014}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox Indian political party
| colorcode = {{Communist Party of India/meta/color}}
| logo = [[File:South Asian Communist Banner.svg|200px]]
| party_name = Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)
| foundation = 22 April 1969
| dissolution = 31 July 1972
| founder = [[Charu Majumdar]]<br>[[Kanu Sanyal]]<br>[[Jangal Santhal]]
| split = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| successor =
| ideology = [[Communism]]<br>[[Marxism–Leninism]]
| position = [[Far-left politics|Far-left]]
| colours = {{Color box|{{Communist Party of India/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} [[Red (colour)|Red]]
| symbol =
}}
{{Indcom}}
The '''Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)''' ('''CPI (ML)''') was an Indian [[communist party]] formed by the [[All India Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries]] (AICCCR) at a congress in [[Calcutta]] in 1969. The foundation of the party was declared by [[Kanu Sanyal]] at a mass meeting in Calcutta on 22 April, [[Vladimir Lenin]]'s birthday. Later the party splintered into several minor [[Naxal]]/[[Maoist]] groups.

==Origin==
The CPI (ML) was formed by the radicals within the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (CPM) who grew concerned by the increasingly parliamentary character of its politics. A debate ensued where the radicals accused the CPM leadership of turning towards [[revisionism (Marxism)|revisionism]]. Finally, the party purged the radicals, who went to form the CPI (ML). The CPI (ML) advocated armed revolution and denounced participation in the electoral process. Its leaders were [[Charu Majumdar]] and [[Saroj Dutta]], both of whom had belonged to the [[left-wing]] within the CPM in northern [[West Bengal]]. Sanyal, Jongol Santhal and his followers had mobilised a revolutionary peasants movement in [[Naxalbari]], which evolved into an armed uprising of the mostly [[Santhal people|Santhal]] tribal inhabitants. CPI (ML) saw Naxalbari as the spark that would start a new Indian revolution, and the movement came to be known as "[[naxalite]]s". In several parts of India, for example [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Bihar]], other parts of West Bengal, and in [[Srikakulam]] in northern [[Andhra Pradesh]], the CPI (ML) organised guerrilla units. The party got moral support from [[China]], which actively encouraged the attempts of CPI (ML) to launch revolution.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2926/stories/20130111292608800.htm|title=Road to Naxalbari|website=www.frontline.in|access-date=19 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/mag/2004/12/05/stories/2004120500470400.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150626152543/http://www.thehindu.com/mag/2004/12/05/stories/2004120500470400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 June 2015|website=[[The Hindu]]|title=Magazine / Reflections : From Naxalbari to Nalgonda|date=2004-12-05|access-date=19 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.marxists.org/subject/china/documents/peoples-daily/1967/07/05.htm|title=Spring Thunder Over India|last=Daily|first=Peoples|website=www.marxists.org|access-date=19 December 2016}}</ref>

According to Pradip Basu in his book ''Towards Naxalbari (1953-1967): An Account of Inner-Party Ideological Struggle'':<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://jumpinjunglebooks.com/23984052-pdf-book-towards-naxalbari-1953-1967-an-account-of-inner-party-ideological-struggle-by-pradip-basu-download-pdf-mobi-epub-book.html|title=Towards Naxalbari (1953-1967): An Account of Inner-Party Ideological Struggle|last=Basu|first=Pradip|publisher=Progress Publishers|year=2000|isbn=9788186383766|location=Calcutta|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220170427/https://jumpinjunglebooks.com/23984052-pdf-book-towards-naxalbari-1953-1967-an-account-of-inner-party-ideological-struggle-by-pradip-basu-download-pdf-mobi-epub-book.html|archive-date=20 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Towards Naxalbari (1953-1967): an account of inner-party ideological struggle|last=Basu|first=Pradip|date=1 January 2000|publisher=Progressive Publishers|isbn=818638376X|ol = 170676M|location=Calcutta}}</ref>

<blockquote>"There were two nuclei of radicals in the party organisation in West Bengal. One 'theorist' section around Parimal Das Gupta in Calcutta, which wanted to persuade the party leadership to correct revisionist mistakes through inner-party debate, and one 'actionist' section led by Charu Majumdar and Kanu Sanyal in North Bengal. The 'actionists' were impatient, and strived to organize armed uprisings. According to Basu, due to the prevailing political climate of youth and student rebellion it was the 'actionists' which came to dominate the new [[Maoist]] movement in India, instead of the more theoretically advanced sections." </blockquote>

=== Naxalbari uprising ===
{{main article|Naxalbari uprising}}
It occurred in Naxalbari of Siliguri subdivision, Darjeeling district under the leadership of communist leaders like Charu Majumdar and others who later became the part of CPI (ML).<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/history-of-naxalism/story-4f1rZukARGYn3qHOqDMEbM.html|title=The Hindustan Times|work=History of Naxalism}}</ref>

=== Srikakulam peasant uprising ===
{{main article|Srikakulam peasant uprising}}
In the Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh, communist leaders aligned themselves with the then formed AICCCR and launched peasant upsurge in Srikakulam which continued for almost 5 years in late 1960s and early 1970s.<ref name="auto"/>

==After 1970==
{{main article|Naxalite}}

The first party congress was held in Calcutta 1970. A Central Committee was elected. As a result of both external repression and a failure to maintain internal unity, the movement did however degenerate into extreme sectarianism. Instead of popular armed struggle in the countryside, individual terrorism in Calcutta became a principal method of struggle. In 1971 Satyanarayan Singh revolted against the leadership, "individual killing of people branded as class enemy" and sectarianism of Majumdar. The result became that the party was split into two, one [[Provisional Central Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)|CPI (ML) led by Satyanarayan Singh]] and one CPI (ML) led by Majumdar. In 1972, frail and broken Majumdar died of multiple diseases in police custody; after his death a series of splits took place during the major part of the 1970s. The naxalite movement suffered a period of extremely harsh repression that rivalled the [[Dirty War]]s of South America at the same time that the movement got all more fragmented.<ref name="auto"/>

After Majumdar's death the CPI (ML) central committee split into pro- and anti-Majumdar factions. In December 1972 the Central Committee of the pro-Charu Majumdar CPI (ML) led by Sharma and Mahadev Mukherjee adopted resolution to follow the line of Charu Majumdar unconditionally which others did not agree to. The pro-Charu Majumdar CPI (ML) later split into pro- and anti-[[Lin Biao]] factions. The pro-Lin Biao faction became known as [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) (Mahadev Mukherjee)]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://granmarchahaciaelcomunismo.wordpress.com/2013/05/24/on-the-question-of-lin-piao-gran-marcha-hacia-el-comunismo-long-march-towards-communism/|title=On the Question of Lin Piao – Gran Marcha Hacia el Comunismo (Long March Towards Communism)|last=granmarchacomunismo|date=24 May 2013}}</ref> and the anti-Lin Biao-group later became known as [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cpiml.org/liberation/year_1999/january/homage11.htm|title=The Life of Vinod Mishra|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923210847/http://www.cpiml.org/liberation/year_1999/january/homage11.htm|archive-date=23 September 2015}}</ref> and was led by Jauhar, Vinod Mishra, Swadesh Bhattacharya.<ref name="auto"/>

==Legacy==
Today, there exist a large number of political organisations whose roots are in the AICCCR/CPI (ML). Only C.P.I (M-L) faction led by Mahadev Mukherjee follows Charu Majumdar's concept of armed revolution and annihilation, whereas others have condemned the excesses of the sectarian epoch. All the organisations belonging to the later category have established legal overground structures (trade unions, student groups, peasant organisations, etc.) and started participating in elections.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=http://asthabharati.org/Dia_Apr05/Sanj.htm|title=Naxalite Movement in Bihar and Jharkhandtc|website=asthabharati.org|access-date=19 December 2016}}</ref>

===Splinter Groups===
Current parties and organisations with origins in CPI (ML) include
*[[Communist Party of India (Maoist)]]
*[[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation]] led by [[Dipankar Bhattacharya]]
*[[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Red Star]] led by K.N. Ramchandran
*[[Marxist-Leninist Party of India (Red Flag)]] led by [[P.C. Unnichekkan]]
*[[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Class Struggle]]
*[[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) New Democracy]] led by Yatendra Kumar
*[[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Somnath]] led by Somnath Chatterjee Ukhra and Pradip Banerjee
*[[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Shantipal]]
*[[Provisional Central Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist)]]
*[[Communist Party of United States of India]] led by Veeranna
*[[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Janashakti|Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Janashakti - Koora Rajanna]] led by [[Koora Rajanna]]
*[[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Janashakti|Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Janashakti - Ranadheer]] led by Ranadheer
*[[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Janashakti|Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Janashakti - Chandra Pulla Reddy]] led by [[Chandra Pulla Reddy]]
*[[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Mahadev Mukherjee)]] led by Mahadev Mukherjee
*Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Praja Pantha
*Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Jan Samvad
*Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Nai Pahal
*Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) New Proletarian
*Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Maharashtra
*Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Bhaijee
*Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Prajashakti
*Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Prathighatana
*Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Praja Pratighatana

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://bannedthought.net/India/CPI(ML)-Orig/index.htm Banned Thought - India] documents and statements of CPI (ML)
{{Commons category}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Communist Party Of India (Marxist-Leninist)}}
[[Category:Naxalite–Maoist insurgency]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1969]]
[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 1972]]
[[Category:1969 establishments in West Bengal]]
[[Category:1972 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Defunct communist parties in India]]
[[Category:Left-wing militant groups in India]]
[[Category:Political parties in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) breakaway groups]]