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{{short description|Indian specialized police unit}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2014}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2014}}
{{peacock|date=March 2014}}
{{Infobox law enforcement agency
|agencyname = Commando Battalion for Resolute Action (CoBRA)
|nativename =
|nativenamea =
|nativenamer =
|commonname = CoBRA
|abbreviation =
|fictional =
|patch =
|patchcaption =
|logo = Commando Battalion for Resolute Action.png
|logocaption = CoBRA Insignia
|badge =
|badgecaption = Side Arm Badge
|flag =
|flagcaption =
|imagesize =
|motto = "संग्रामें पराक्रमी ज्यी"
|mottotranslated = "Victory for gallant in war"
|formedyear = 2008<ref name="crpf.nic.in">{{cite web|url=http://crpf.nic.in/crp_b.htm|title=CRPF - CENTRAL RESERVE POLICE FORCE, GOVT. OF INDIA|access-date=27 March 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150515010041/http://crpf.nic.in/crp_b.htm|archive-date=15 May 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|formedmonthday = 12 September
|preceding1 =
|dissolved =
|superseding =
|employees =
|volunteers =
|budget = {{INRConvert|14000|c|lk=on}} <small>(2015 est.)<ref name="telegraphindia.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080908/jsp/frontpage/story_9803136.jsp|title=The Telegraph - Calcutta (Kolkata) - Frontpage - COBRA on way to fight Naxalites in Jharkhand|access-date=27 March 2015}}</ref></small>
|legalpersonality =
|country = India
|countryabbr =
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|international =
|divtype =
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|divdab =
|subdivtype =
|subdivname =
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|map =
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|sizearea =
|legaljuris = India
|governingbody = Central Reserve Police Force
|governingbodyscnd = Ministry of Home Affairs (India)
|constitution1 =
|police =
|local =
|military =
|paramilitary =
|provost =
|gendarmerie =
|religious =
|speciality1 =
|speciality2 =
|secret =
|overviewtype =
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|headquarters = ''Directorate General, Central Reserve Police Force, Block No.-1, C.G.O. Complex, Lodhi Road, [[New Delhi]]-110 003, [[INDIA]]''.
|hqlocmap =
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|sworn = 10,000
|sworntype = Active Personnel<ref name="telegraphindia.com"/>
|unsworntype =
|unsworn =
|unsworntype1 =
|unsworn1 =
|multinational =
|electeetype =
|minister1name =
|minister1pfo =
|chief1name =Anand Prakash Maheshwari<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/rajiv-rai-bhatnagar-appointed-new-director-general-of-crpf/articleshow/58382266.cms|title = Rajiv rai bhatnagar: Rajiv Rai Bhatnagar appointed new Director General of CRPF | India News - Times of India}}</ref>
|chief1position = Director General
|parentagency = Central Reserve Police Force
|child1agency =
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|animal1type =
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|person1name = Shri. ''[[K Vijay Kumar]]'' IPS, Shri. ''[[K Durga Prasad]]'' IPS, Shri. NC Asthana IPS, Shri KV Madhusudhanan, former IG, CRPF
|person1reason =
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|anniversary1 = 12 September 2008
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|website = {{url|http://crpf.gov.in}}
|footnotes =
|reference =
}}

'''COBRA''' ([[backronym]] for '''''CO'''mmando '''B'''attalion for '''R'''esolute '''A'''ction'') is a [[Special operations|special operation]] unit of the [[Central Reserve Police Force]] (CRPF) of [[India]] proficient in [[guerrilla]] tactics and jungle warfare. Originally established to counter the [[Naxalite]] problem,<ref>Dholabhai, Nishit (7 September 2008) [http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080908/jsp/frontpage/story_9803136.jsp "COBRA on way to fight Naxalites in Jharkhand"] ''[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]]'', retrieved 19 June 2009</ref><ref>[http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=3705004 Indian COBRA Troops to Take on Maoist Insurgents]{{dead link|date=August 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} ''Defence News''</ref> CoBRA is deployed to address insurgent groups engaging in [[asymmetrical warfare]].<ref name="abc">{{cite journal|last=Mund|first=Prasenjit|author2=Mandal Caesar|date=19 June 2009|title=Shadow warriors:Guerrillas wary of Cobra strike|journal=The Times of India|location=Kolkata|pages=2}}</ref> Currently{{When|date=August 2021}} numbering ten battalions,<ref name="crpf.nic.in"/> CoBRA is ranked as one of India's most experienced and successful law enforcement units.<ref name="crpf.nic.in"/>

==Background==
In 2009, the MHA has approved raising of 10 CoBRA (Commando Battalion for Resolute Action) to meet the challenges being posed by naxalites.<ref name="e-pao.net">{{cite web|url=http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=news_section.opinions.Politics_and_Governance.CRPF_Maintaining_Peace_in_Nation|title=CRPF Maintaining Peace in Nation|access-date=27 March 2015}}</ref> It was created with the view of attacking on naxalite insurgents within their camps.<ref name="e-pao.net"/>

Accordingly, in phased manner the CoBRA battalions were raised – 02 Bn in 2008–09, 04 Bn in 2009–10, 04 Bn in 2010–11.<ref name="e-pao.net" />

CoBRA Battalions are trained to adapt in multi tasking skills operations in extreme terrain.<ref name="e-pao.net"/> CoBRA personnel are trained in guerrilla warfare, field engineering, tracking of explosives, jungle survival techniques along with ops tactics to fight insurgents. Specialized training programme includes jungle warfare, Ops planning and execution, physical endurance, map reading and GPS, intelligence, heli-slithering.<ref name="e-pao.net"/>

Special intelligence courses have been conducted by premier intelligence agencies to train troops in intelligence gathering.<ref name="e-pao.net"/> To maintain uniformity of standards and evolution of a unique CoBRA ethos as well as training of troops, a dedicated CoBRA school of jungle warfare & tactics is under active consideration.<ref name="e-pao.net"/>

Founder DIG of CoBRA, K.V. Madhusudhanan, spoke about the CoBRA's unit's rules of engagement in an interview. "The Maoist menace is a grievance-driven movement and ideology-driven insurgency. Hence, CoBRA would require new tactical doctrines, skills and resources. While the Maoist struggle is total—no time limit or fixed geographical target—CoBRA had to operate under limitations of law. There were no drawn lines of conflict, and CoBRA had to account for every person apprehended, injured or killed. The extremists have no such liabilities."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cobra forces are burdened by law, naxals are not|url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/specials/2021/04/15/cobra-forces-are-burdened-by-law-naxals-are-not.html|access-date=2021-04-24|website=The Week|language=en}}</ref>

CoBRA Bn, true to its training and competence have killed 61 naxals and apprehended 866 suspects as well as recovered huge amount of arms, ammunition and explosives till 2011.<ref name="e-pao.net"/> The CoBRA personnel's efforts have also been acknowledged with 200 plus DG commendation discs.<ref name="e-pao.net"/> The valour and gallant actions of CoBRA have been recognised and the personnel have been decorated with 09 [[Courage|Gallantry]] medals including two [[Shaurya Chakra]].<ref name="e-pao.net"/> CoBRA Commando Ashish Kumar Tiwari was awarded [[Shaurya Chakra]] for single-handedly pinning down a squad of Maoists which resulted in the killing of a top naxal leader and Asst Commandant RV Mishra for taking down a group of 32 Maoists in Jharkhand in a clandestine operation with a team of only 8 and killing 5 Maoist even after a mine shredded his leg while trying to save a fellow member.<ref name="e-pao.net"/>

March 2021, 88 Mahila (Women) Battalion was formed, composed of women only.

== History ==
The Indian government established 10 units for CoBRA since 2008.<ref name="crpf.nic.in"/>

== Bases ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Battalion
!City
!Geo-Location
|-
|201 CoBRA Battalion
|Karanpur
|-
|-
|202 CoBRA Battalion
|Sunabeda, Koraput, Odisha
|-
|-
|203 CoBRA Battalion
|Changsari, Assam
|-
|-
|204 CoBRA Battalion
|Masgaon, Chhattisgarh
|-
|-
|205 CoBRA Battalion
|Barwadih, Bihar
|-
|-
|206 CoBRA Battalion
|Chintapur, Maharashtra
|-
|-
|207 CoBRA Battalion
|Tyangrasol, West Bengal
|-
|-
|208 CoBRA Battalion
|Balaghat, Madhya Pradesh
|-
|-
|209 CoBRA Battalion
|RANCHI, Jharkhand
|-
|-
|210 CoBRA Battalion
|Dalgaon, Assam
|-
|-
|88 Mahila Battalion
|
|
|}

==Firearms and equipment==

Cobra is a well-equipped Central Armed Police unit in the country,<ref>Times of India (6 October 2012)[https://web.archive.org/web/20131112104116/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-06/ranchi/34293189_1_plfi-rebels-jharkhand-jaguar-misir-besra "All-out war against PLFI before puja"]</ref> set up with a budget of {{INR}} 13 billion from the [[Government of India|Central government]].{{citation needed|date=March 2011}}

===Small arms===
* [[INSAS rifle]]
* [[FN FAL]]
* [[Excalibur rifle|Excalibur assault rifle]]
* [[AKM|AKM assault rifle]]
* [[IWI X95|X-95 assault rifle]]
* [[Pistol Auto 9mm 1A|9mm 1A Auto Pistol]]
* [[Glock pistol]]
* [[Heckler & Koch MP5]] submachine gun
* [[Carl Gustav recoilless rifle]].{{citation needed|date=March 2011}}
* [[Dragunov SVD]] sniper rifle
* 84mm CGRL
* [[Steyr SSG 69]]
* [[Heckler & Koch MSG-90]] sniper rifle.<ref name="abc" />
* 40×46 mm MULTI GRANED LAUNCHER SYSTEM (MGL)

Most of the equipment for the Cobra is manufactured indigenously by the [[Indian Ordnance Factories]] controlled by the [[Ordnance Factories Board]], Ministry of Defence, Government of India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ofbindia.gov.in/index.php?wh=Weapons&lang=en|title=Indian Ordnance Factories: Weapons|access-date=27 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ofbindia.gov.in/index.php?wh=inbrief&lang=en|title=Indian Ordnance Factories: OFB in Brief|access-date=27 March 2015}}</ref>

Some weapon like sniper guns are imported from other countries.

==Training==
Cobras are trained in the CRPF jungle warfare institutions in Belgaum and Koraput. Their training regime and duration is similar to that of lines of [[National Security Guard|NSG Commandos]]. They are trained to adapt the art of [[camouflage]] and [[jungle warfare]] with main focus on [[jungle warfare]] . All the personnel are trained for heli borne insertion and drops. Regular refreshing training is carried out of the commandos to check their physical and firing skills matching the standard. Their role is to carry out reconnaissance and long range patrols, gather intelligence on the whereabouts of the insurgents, and also carry out ambushes and precision strikes when required. Their sniper teams can also be used to headshot key targets.<ref name="abc" />

After three months of training in Belgaum or Koraput, CoBRA members are deployed to their respective units to counter-Naxal activities.<ref name="pib.nic.in">{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=79079|title=Press Information Bureau English Releases|access-date=27 March 2015}}</ref>

==Major operations==
* On dated 05-06 MARCH 2018 an operation "चक्रव्यूह" was conducted in Vill-Akbaitanr, U/PS-Dumari, Distt-Giridih (Jharkhand) By "Alfa coy" of 203 Cobra Battalion. in which 03 hardcore and 35 lakhs rewardee Maoists and 12 Dasta Members were apprehended alongwith recovery of huge cache of arms & ammunition. It's one of the historical operation in the history of Indian Paramilitary forces Because our cobra Commandos captured all those Hardcore moist without fired a single bullet. Team Alfa of 203 cobra recoverd 15 weapons with huges ammunitions,Ied , moist literature, laptops and mobiles etc.
* On 17 September 2009 an operation was conducted in [[Singamdgu]] [[Dantewada]] district in which approximately 30–40 Maoists were reported to be killed.<ref name="crpf.nic.in"/>
* On 9 January 2010 under PS [[Jagargunda]] in district. [[Dantewada]], 4 Maoists were killed and 112 Bore Gun with 4 cartridges, 3 muzzle-loading guns, 2 Tiffin Bomb, 1 [[improvised explosive device]], Drum and Maoists literature with photographs were recovered.<ref name="crpf.nic.in"/>
* [[Ops Jaws]] carried out by 08 teams of 203 CoBRA from 11 TO 15 June in area of PS [[Sonua]] & [[Bandgaon]] District.- W/ [[Singhbhum]], Jharkhand in which a Maoists camp was destroyed and reportedly 12 Maoists cadres were killed.<ref name="crpf.nic.in"/>
* During an operation launched in [[Duli forest]] area in W/[[Midnapur]] district (West Bengal) on 15–16 June 2010, 8 Maoists cadres were killed and a huge cache of arms and ammunitions was recovered.<ref name="crpf.nic.in"/>
* During an operation launched in [[Kayma forest]] area in W/[[Midnapur]] District. (WB) from 25–26 July 2010, 6 Maoists cadres were killed and a huge cache of arms and ammunitions were recovered.<ref name="crpf.nic.in"/>
* In operation launched in [[Saranda forest]] area in District. – W/[[Singhbhum]], Jharkhand from 24–28 September 2010 Cobra teams were able to penetrate deep in forest and kill one Maoist, apprehend 4 Maoists cadres, bust 12 Maoist camps and recover of arms, ammunitions and explosives.<ref name="crpf.nic.in"/>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[https://www.theweek.in/theweek/specials/2021/04/15/cobra-forces-are-burdened-by-law-naxals-are-not.html]

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline}}

{{Law enforcement in India}}



[[Category:Paramilitary forces of India]]
[[Category:Naxalite–Maoist insurgency]]
[[Category:Year of establishment missing]]
[[Category:Non-military counterinsurgency organizations]]
[[Category:Specialist law enforcement agencies of India]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in India]]

Commando Battalion for Resolute Action - Revision history

Bot: robot: Create/update articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.

>Citation bot: Add: title. Changed bare reference to CS1/2. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by BrownHairedGirl | Linked from User:BrownHairedGirl/Articles_with_bare_links | #UCB_webform_linked 1533/2194