<?xml version="1.0"?>
<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xml:lang="en">
	<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Colin_Pal</id>
	<title>Colin Pal - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Colin_Pal"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colin_Pal&amp;action=history"/>
	<updated>2026-10-21T23:31:31Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.43.6</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colin_Pal&amp;diff=244622&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>-&gt;Robby.is.on: Date formats per MOS:DATEFORMAT by script.</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colin_Pal&amp;diff=244622&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2021-10-28T22:44:00Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Date formats per &lt;a href=&quot;/w/index.php?title=MOS:DATEFORMAT&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;MOS:DATEFORMAT (page does not exist)&quot;&gt;MOS:DATEFORMAT&lt;/a&gt; by &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.bharatpedia.org/wiki/BP:MOSNUMscript&quot; class=&quot;extiw&quot; title=&quot;wp:MOSNUMscript&quot;&gt;script&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 04:14, 29 October 2021&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Use dmy dates|date=&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;May 2018&lt;/del&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Use dmy dates|date=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;October 2021&lt;/ins&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Colin Pal&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (25 December 1923 – 30 August 2005) was a Hindi film actor, technician, journalist, and publicist for 175 [[Hindi]] films.  He is the son of producer [[Niranjan Pal]] and the grandson of  [[Bipin Chandra Pal]]. Pal was born in London to an English mother, Lily Bell, and spent his early years in [[Wembley]], before moving to Bombay in 1929.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Colin Pal&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (25 December 1923 – 30 August 2005) was a Hindi film actor, technician, journalist, and publicist for 175 [[Hindi]] films.  He is the son of producer [[Niranjan Pal]] and the grandson of  [[Bipin Chandra Pal]]. Pal was born in London to an English mother, Lily Bell, and spent his early years in [[Wembley]], before moving to Bombay in 1929.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pal joined &#039;&#039;[[Filmistan|Filmistan Studios]]&#039;&#039; in May 1943 as an apprentice after working alongside his father at [[Bombay Talkies]]. He became the assistant director to [[P.L. Santoshi]]. While working with Filmistan he also acted as [[Netaji Subashchandra Bose]] in &#039;&#039;Samaadhi&#039;&#039; in 1949. In 1951 he appeared in [[Bimal Roy]]&#039;s &#039;&#039;[[Parineeta (1953 film)|Parineeta]]&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web|title = Parineeta|url = http://osianama.com/photographic-stills-negatives/parineeta-1953-0916844?mastid=54174|website = osianama.com|access-date = 2016&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;-02-24&lt;/del&gt;}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and &#039;&#039;[[Naukri]]&#039;&#039;. He later directed &#039;&#039;[[Shrimatijee]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;Naina&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;[[Suhag Sindoor]]&#039;&#039; for Munshi productions.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web|title = Sohag Sindoor 1953|url = http://osianama.com/photographic-lobby-cards/sohag-sindoor-1953-830002?mastid=21309|website = osianama.com|access-date = 2016&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;-02-24&lt;/del&gt;}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pal joined &#039;&#039;[[Filmistan|Filmistan Studios]]&#039;&#039; in May 1943 as an apprentice after working alongside his father at [[Bombay Talkies]]. He became the assistant director to [[P.L. Santoshi]]. While working with Filmistan he also acted as [[Netaji Subashchandra Bose]] in &#039;&#039;Samaadhi&#039;&#039; in 1949. In 1951 he appeared in [[Bimal Roy]]&#039;s &#039;&#039;[[Parineeta (1953 film)|Parineeta]]&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web|title = Parineeta|url = http://osianama.com/photographic-stills-negatives/parineeta-1953-0916844?mastid=54174|website = osianama.com|access-date = &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;24 February &lt;/ins&gt;2016}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and &#039;&#039;[[Naukri]]&#039;&#039;. He later directed &#039;&#039;[[Shrimatijee]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;Naina&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;[[Suhag Sindoor]]&#039;&#039; for Munshi productions.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web|title = Sohag Sindoor 1953|url = http://osianama.com/photographic-lobby-cards/sohag-sindoor-1953-830002?mastid=21309|website = osianama.com|access-date = &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;24 February &lt;/ins&gt;2016}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pal spent most of his career as a publicist for mainstream Hindi films, but also wrote for a number of trade magazines. He frequently collaborated with film historians on projects around the early talkie studios in Bombay. He contributed to the historical discussion on the use of simple Hindustani in early Hindi cinema instead of the more literary language, which is common in other vernacular cinema including Tamil and Bengali. According to [[:de:Bhagwan Das Garga|Bhagwan Das Garga]] Pal argued that this was driven by the early screenwriters and producers in Bombay being transplants from the silent era, who were not Hindi speakers themselves, and consequently insisted on dialogue that was very straightforward contemporary language.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book|title = The Art of Cinema: An Insider&#039;s Journey Through Fifty Years of Film History|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=mRNlAAAAMAAJ|publisher = Viking, Penguin Books India|date = 2005&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;-01-01&lt;/del&gt;|isbn = 9780670058532|language = en|first = Bhagwan Das|last = Garga}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pal spent most of his career as a publicist for mainstream Hindi films, but also wrote for a number of trade magazines. He frequently collaborated with film historians on projects around the early talkie studios in Bombay. He contributed to the historical discussion on the use of simple Hindustani in early Hindi cinema instead of the more literary language, which is common in other vernacular cinema including Tamil and Bengali. According to [[:de:Bhagwan Das Garga|Bhagwan Das Garga]] Pal argued that this was driven by the early screenwriters and producers in Bombay being transplants from the silent era, who were not Hindi speakers themselves, and consequently insisted on dialogue that was very straightforward contemporary language.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book|title = The Art of Cinema: An Insider&#039;s Journey Through Fifty Years of Film History|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=mRNlAAAAMAAJ|publisher = Viking, Penguin Books India|date = &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;1 January &lt;/ins&gt;2005|isbn = 9780670058532|language = en|first = Bhagwan Das|last = Garga}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;He authored the book &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Shooting Stars&amp;#039;&amp;#039; which described the eccentricities of the cinema process. His re-authoring of his father&amp;#039;s autobiography &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Aye Jibon: Such is life&amp;#039;&amp;#039; won a National Award from the Indian Government in 2001.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;He authored the book &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Shooting Stars&amp;#039;&amp;#039; which described the eccentricities of the cinema process. His re-authoring of his father&amp;#039;s autobiography &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Aye Jibon: Such is life&amp;#039;&amp;#039; won a National Award from the Indian Government in 2001.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pal died on 28 August 2005 after a prolonged illness in [[Mumbai]] at the age of 83.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.screenindia.com/old/fullstory.php?content_id=11072 Colin Pal Obituary] &#039;&#039;[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]]&#039;&#039;, 2 September 2005.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; His son, [[Deep Pal]] was a pioneer of [[Steadicam]] camerawork in India.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[&lt;/del&gt;https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1001620/&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]&lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pal died on 28 August 2005 after a prolonged illness in [[Mumbai]] at the age of 83.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.screenindia.com/old/fullstory.php?content_id=11072 Colin Pal Obituary] &#039;&#039;[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]]&#039;&#039;, 2 September 2005.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; His son, [[Deep Pal]] was a pioneer of [[Steadicam]] camerawork in India.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=&lt;/ins&gt;https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1001620/&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|title = Deep Pal}}&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Works==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Works==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &#039;&#039;Shooting Stars&#039;&#039;, Screen World Pub, {{ISBN|81-900258-7-2}}.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.screenworldindia.com/shooting.html &#039;&#039;Shooting Stars&#039;&#039;] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915202002/http://www.screenworldindia.com/shooting.html |date=2008&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;-09-15 &lt;/del&gt;}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &#039;&#039;Shooting Stars&#039;&#039;, Screen World Pub, {{ISBN|81-900258-7-2}}.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.screenworldindia.com/shooting.html &#039;&#039;Shooting Stars&#039;&#039;] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915202002/http://www.screenworldindia.com/shooting.html |date=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;15 September &lt;/ins&gt;2008 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Aye Jibon: Such is life&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Aye Jibon: Such is life&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==References==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==References==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{reflist}}&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{more footnotes|date=August 2014}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{more footnotes|date=August 2014}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*{{cite news | title=City Lights | newspaper=[[Times of India]] | page=2 | date=5 September 2005}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*{{cite news | title=City Lights | newspaper=[[Times of India]] | page=2 | date=5 September 2005}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l31&quot;&gt;Line 31:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 31:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Bengali people]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Bengali people]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Category:British emigrants to India]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{India-film-bio-stub}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{India-film-bio-stub}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{en-Wikipedia}}&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>-&gt;Robby.is.on</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colin_Pal&amp;diff=97033&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>CleanupBot: /* External links */clean up, add source tag</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colin_Pal&amp;diff=97033&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2021-06-03T01:04:35Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;External links: &lt;/span&gt;clean up, add source tag&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 06:34, 3 June 2021&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l34&quot;&gt;Line 34:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 34:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{India-film-bio-stub}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{India-film-bio-stub}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{en-Wikipedia}}&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>CleanupBot</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colin_Pal&amp;diff=64924&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>&gt;KolbertBot: Bot: HTTP→HTTPS (v485)</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colin_Pal&amp;diff=64924&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2018-07-01T10:22:18Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Bot: &lt;a href=&quot;/w/index.php?title=User:KolbertBot&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;User:KolbertBot (page does not exist)&quot;&gt;HTTP→HTTPS&lt;/a&gt; (v485)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Colin Pal&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (25 December 1923 – 30 August 2005) was a Hindi film actor, technician, journalist, and publicist for 175 [[Hindi]] films.  He is the son of producer [[Niranjan Pal]] and the grandson of  [[Bipin Chandra Pal]]. Pal was born in London to an English mother, Lily Bell, and spent his early years in [[Wembley]], before moving to Bombay in 1929.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Pal joined &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Filmistan|Filmistan Studios]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; in May 1943 as an apprentice after working alongside his father at [[Bombay Talkies]]. He became the assistant director to [[P.L. Santoshi]]. While working with Filmistan he also acted as [[Netaji Subashchandra Bose]] in &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Samaadhi&amp;#039;&amp;#039; in 1949. In 1951 he appeared in [[Bimal Roy]]&amp;#039;s &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Parineeta (1953 film)|Parineeta]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web|title = Parineeta|url = http://osianama.com/photographic-stills-negatives/parineeta-1953-0916844?mastid=54174|website = osianama.com|access-date = 2016-02-24}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Naukri]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. He later directed &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Shrimatijee]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Naina&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Suhag Sindoor]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; for Munshi productions.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web|title = Sohag Sindoor 1953|url = http://osianama.com/photographic-lobby-cards/sohag-sindoor-1953-830002?mastid=21309|website = osianama.com|access-date = 2016-02-24}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Pal spent most of his career as a publicist for mainstream Hindi films, but also wrote for a number of trade magazines. He frequently collaborated with film historians on projects around the early talkie studios in Bombay. He contributed to the historical discussion on the use of simple Hindustani in early Hindi cinema instead of the more literary language, which is common in other vernacular cinema including Tamil and Bengali. According to [[:de:Bhagwan Das Garga|Bhagwan Das Garga]] Pal argued that this was driven by the early screenwriters and producers in Bombay being transplants from the silent era, who were not Hindi speakers themselves, and consequently insisted on dialogue that was very straightforward contemporary language.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book|title = The Art of Cinema: An Insider&amp;#039;s Journey Through Fifty Years of Film History|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=mRNlAAAAMAAJ|publisher = Viking, Penguin Books India|date = 2005-01-01|isbn = 9780670058532|language = en|first = Bhagwan Das|last = Garga}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He authored the book &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Shooting Stars&amp;#039;&amp;#039; which described the eccentricities of the cinema process. His re-authoring of his father&amp;#039;s autobiography &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Aye Jibon: Such is life&amp;#039;&amp;#039; won a National Award from the Indian Government in 2001.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Pal died on 28 August 2005 after a prolonged illness in [[Mumbai]] at the age of 83.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.screenindia.com/old/fullstory.php?content_id=11072 Colin Pal Obituary] &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, 2 September 2005.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; His son, [[Deep Pal]] was a pioneer of [[Steadicam]] camerawork in India.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1001620/]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Works==&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Shooting Stars&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, Screen World Pub, {{ISBN|81-900258-7-2}}.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.screenworldindia.com/shooting.html &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Shooting Stars&amp;#039;&amp;#039;] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915202002/http://www.screenworldindia.com/shooting.html |date=2008-09-15 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Aye Jibon: Such is life&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{more footnotes|date=August 2014}}&lt;br /&gt;
*{{cite news | title=City Lights | newspaper=[[Times of India]] | page=2 | date=5 September 2005}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
* {{IMDb name|0657159}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Authority control}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pal, Colin}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:1923 births]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:2005 deaths]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Brahmos]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Bengali people]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{India-film-bio-stub}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>&gt;KolbertBot</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>