Cochin Carnival - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 13:47, 13 June 2022
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	'''Cochin Carnival''' is ~~a [[carnival]]~~ held every year in the last week of December at [[Fort Kochi]] in the city of [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]].<ref>{{cite web \|title=Cochin celebration and carnival 2016\|url=http://english.mathrubhumi.com/travel/kerala/kerala-events/cochin-carnival-1.33994\| publisher= Mathrubhumi\| accessdate=20 June 2016}}</ref> This ~~carnival~~ is held mostly during the last two weeks of December and finally ends on 1 January. It is officially inaugurated with hoisting the ~~Carnival~~ flag at the [[Vasco da Gama]] Square.<ref>{{cite news \|title=Cochin Carnival Today\|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/151213/nation-current-affairs/article/cochin-carnival-today\| newspaper=Deccan Chronicle \| date=13 December 2015 \| accessdate=3 May 2018}}</ref>		'''Cochin Carnival''' is an entertainment event held every year in the last week of December at [[Fort Kochi]] in the city of [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]].<ref>{{cite web \|title=Cochin celebration and carnival 2016\|url=http://english.mathrubhumi.com/travel/kerala/kerala-events/cochin-carnival-1.33994\| publisher= Mathrubhumi\| accessdate=20 June 2016}}</ref> This event is held mostly during the last two weeks of December and finally ends on 1 January. It is officially inaugurated with hoisting the Indian national flag at the [[Vasco da Gama]] Square.<ref>{{cite news \|title=Cochin Carnival Today\|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/151213/nation-current-affairs/article/cochin-carnival-today\| newspaper=Deccan Chronicle \| date=13 December 2015 \| accessdate=3 May 2018}}</ref>

	~~The origin is traced to [[Portuguese people\|Portuguese]] New Year celebrations during the colonial days.~~ The main highlight of the carnival is the massive procession on the New Year's Day, led by [[elephants]] in ornamental trappings. North Indian dances are a part of the procession. It is a combination of different cultures like [[Portuguese people\|Portuguese]], [[Gujarati people\|Gujarati]], [[Punjabis\|Punjabi]], [[Malayalee]], [[Kannada]], [[Arab]], [[Dutch people\|Dutch]], and [[Anglo Indian]] culture.<ref>{{cite web \|title=It is carnival time in Kochi again\|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/131225/lifestyle-offbeat/article/it-carnival-time-kochi-again\| publisher= Deccan Chronicle\| accessdate=15 January 2016}}</ref>		The main highlight of the carnival is the massive procession on the New Year's Day, led by [[elephants]] in ornamental trappings. North Indian dances are a part of the procession. It is a combination of different cultures like [[Portuguese people\|Portuguese]], [[Gujarati people\|Gujarati]], [[Punjabis\|Punjabi]], [[Malayalee]], [[Kannada]], [[Arab]], [[Dutch people\|Dutch]], and [[Anglo Indian]] culture.<ref>{{cite web \|title=It is carnival time in Kochi again\|date=25 December 2013\|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/131225/lifestyle-offbeat/article/it-carnival-time-kochi-again\| publisher= Deccan Chronicle\| accessdate=15 January 2016}}</ref>

	Many competitions like beach bike race, [[beach football]], [[wrestling]], [[boxing]], cycle race, bullet race, [[kayaking]], swimming and [[marathon]] races are held.<ref>{{cite web \|title=All you need to know about ~~Kerala’s~~ vibrant cultural festival\|url=http://travel.india.com/articles/cochin-carnival-in-kerala-2015-all-you-need-to-know-about-it/\| publisher= travel India\| accessdate=20 June 2016}}</ref> Art shows, food festivals, colourful rallies and fairs add to the festive spirit of the carnival. The main principles promoted during the festival are Participation, [[Peace]], Progress, Adventure and Environment. The city is decorated with white paper buntings, especially the Kochi Fort. The white colour is dominant in all decorations which symbolizes peace and [[tranquillity]].<ref>{{cite web \|title=cochin-carnival\|url=http://www.cochin.org.uk/fairs-and-festivals/cochin-carnival.html\| publisher= Cochin.org\| accessdate=10 April 2016}}</ref>		Many competitions like beach bike race, [[beach football]], [[wrestling]], [[boxing]], cycle race, bullet race, [[kayaking]], swimming and [[marathon]] races are held.<ref>{{cite web \|title=All you need to know about Kerala's vibrant cultural festival\|url=http://travel.india.com/articles/cochin-carnival-in-kerala-2015-all-you-need-to-know-about-it/\| publisher= travel India\| accessdate=20 June 2016}}</ref> Art shows, food festivals, colourful rallies and fairs add to the festive spirit of the carnival. The main principles promoted during the festival are Participation, [[Peace]], Progress, Adventure and Environment. The city is decorated with white paper buntings, especially the Kochi Fort. The white colour is dominant in all decorations which symbolizes peace and [[tranquillity]].<ref>{{cite web \|title=cochin-carnival\|url=http://www.cochin.org.uk/fairs-and-festivals/cochin-carnival.html\| publisher= Cochin.org\| accessdate=10 April 2016}}</ref>

	Kochi Fort is the center of all the activities that take place at the time of the Cochin Carnival. It is promoted by the district tourism promotion council.<ref>{{cite web \|title=cochin-carnival\|url=http://www.webindia123.com/city/kerala/kochi-ernakulam/destinations/fairs-festivals/cochin-carnival.htm\| publisher= Web india123\| accessdate=20 June 2016}}</ref>		Kochi Fort is the center of all the activities that take place at the time of the Cochin Carnival. It is promoted by the district tourism promotion council.<ref>{{cite web \|title=cochin-carnival\|url=http://www.webindia123.com/city/kerala/kochi-ernakulam/destinations/fairs-festivals/cochin-carnival.htm\| publisher= Web india123\| accessdate=20 June 2016}}</ref>

	==History==		==History==
	~~The history of the~~ Cochin ~~Carnival dates back~~ to the ~~colonial era. Part of~~ [[~~Cochin~~]] ~~was leased by [[Portugal\|Portuguese]] from 1503-1663. Cochin was their headquarters during~~ the ~~Portuguese rule in~~ [[~~India~~]].<ref>{{cite web\|title=~~The portugeese in Cochin, India~~\|url=~~http~~://www.~~colonialvoyage~~.~~com~~/~~portuguese~~-~~cochin/#~~\|publisher=~~Colonial Voyage~~\|accessdate=~~20 June~~ 2016\|~~archive-~~url=https://~~web~~.~~archive~~.~~org/web~~/~~20160628171843~~/~~http:~~//~~www~~.~~colonialvoyage~~.~~com/portuguese-cochin/~~\|~~archive-date~~=~~28 June 2016~~\|~~url-status~~=~~dead~~}}</ref> At that time, Portuguese ruler’s New Year celebrations were marked with grand parties and fiestas. This grand feast was started by these Portuguese in order to commence the new year celebrations. The new year celebrations continued even after the Portuguese left the country. However, eventually, the celebrations faded and stopped.<ref>{{cite web \|title=~~Cochin Carnival 2016 - December~~\|url=http://~~www~~.~~festivalsofindia.in~~/~~Cochin~~-~~Carnival~~/\| publisher= ~~festivals of India\| accessdate=15 April 2016~~}}</ref>		In 1984, three youngsters from Cochin - Ananda Felix Scaria (Ananda Surya), George Augustine Thundiparambil (Roy) and Antony Anup Scaria (Anoop) decided to organise a beach festival with a programme at the [[Mahatma Gandhi beach]] to celebrate the signing of a UN proclamation mandating 1985 as the [[International Youth Year]].<ref>{{cite web \|title=International Youth Year\|date=9 March 2012\|url=https://www.bic.org/statements/international-youth-year\| publisher= Bic\| accessdate=2 February 2016}}</ref> They were supported by 150 youth groups of various clubs and organizations. Some of the other names associated with the first Carnival are Nirmal John Augustine, Radha Gomathi and [[Abul Kalam Azad (photographer)]], who later became an active member of the team and has many images from the first carnival, that are being archived by [[Ekalokam Trust for Photography]].<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/cochin-carnival-at-30/article6748833.ece\|title=Cochin Carnival at 30\|newspaper=The Hindu\|date=2 January 2015\|last1=Pradeep\|first1=K.\|last2=S\|first2=Priyadershini}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|title=Celebrating Mattancherry\|url=http://photomail.org/online/celebrating-mattancherry/ \|publisher= PhotoMail}}</ref>

	In 1984, three youngsters from Cochin - Ananda Felix Scaria (Ananda Surya), George Augustine Thundiparambil (Roy) and Antony Anup Scaria (Anoop) decided to organise a beach festival with a programme at the [[Mahatma Gandhi beach]] to celebrate the signing of a UN proclamation mandating 1985 as the [[International Youth Year]].<ref>{{cite web \|title=International Youth Year\|url=https://www.bic.org/statements/international-youth-year\| publisher= Bic\| accessdate=2 February 2016}}</ref> They were supported by 150 youth groups of various clubs and organizations. Some of the other names associated with the first Carnival are Nirmal John Augustine, Radha Gomathi and [[Abul Kalam Azad (photographer)]], who later became an active member of the team and has many images from the first carnival, that are being archived by [[Ekalokam Trust for Photography]].<ref>https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/cochin-carnival-at-30/article6748833.ece</ref><ref>{{cite web \|title=Celebrating Mattancherry\|url=http://photomail.org/online/celebrating-mattancherry/ \|publisher= PhotoMail}}</ref>		This program started during the second week of December 1984 with a cycle race followed by other local ethnic games like [[kabaddi]], [[tug of war]], [[kalari]], [[kuttiyum kolum]], Kalam Vara (floor drawing) etc. The event ended on 1 January 1985 with a procession with a massive rally including caparisoned elephants accompanied by [[Panchavadyam]], called ‘Carnivale Cochin’. Gradually, it took the form of what is today called the Cochin Carnival.<ref>{{cite news \|title=Cochin Carnival at 30\|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/cochin-carnival-at-30/article6748833.ece\| work= The Hindu\|date=2 January 2015\| accessdate=20 June 2016\|last1=Pradeep\|first1=K.\|last2=S\|first2=Priyadershini}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|title=Carnivals-fairs\|url=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/india/kerala/kochi-cochin/events/carnivals-fairs/cochin-carnival#ixzz4C6Do6NlR\| publisher= Lonely Planet\| accessdate=20 June 2016}}</ref>

	This program started during the second week of December 1984 with a cycle race followed by other local ethnic games like [[kabaddi]], [[tug of war]], [[kalari]], [[kuttiyum kolum]], Kalam Vara (floor drawing) etc. The event ended on 1 January 1985 with a procession with a massive rally including caparisoned elephants accompanied by [[Panchavadyam]], called ‘Carnivale Cochin’. Gradually, it took the form of what is today called the Cochin Carnival.<ref>{{cite ~~web~~ \|title=Cochin Carnival at 30\|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/cochin-carnival-at-30/article6748833.ece\| ~~publisher~~= The Hindu\| accessdate=20 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|title=Carnivals-fairs\|url=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/india/kerala/kochi-cochin/events/carnivals-fairs/cochin-carnival#ixzz4C6Do6NlR\| publisher= Lonely Planet\| accessdate=20 June 2016}}</ref>

	==Highlights==		==Highlights==

	===Papanhi===		===Papanhi===
			{{main\|Pappanji}}
			Papanhi is a giant statue of an old man.<ref>{{cite web \|title=New Year 2016 Celebrations in Kerala\|url=http://irisholidays.com/keralatourism/new-year-2016-celebrations-in-kerala/\| publisher= Irish Holidays\| accessdate=5 March 2016}}</ref> Papanhi is burned exactly at stroke of midnight signifies the end of a passing year and welcome New Year. This symbolises the burning of all the ills and beginning on a new note. This is followed by gala party with dance and music till morning. The origin of this custom remains ambiguous.<ref>{{cite news \|title='Papaanji' burns out with a dying year\|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/papaanji-burns-out-with-a-dying-year/article2767618.ece\| work= The hindu\|date=2 January 2012\| accessdate=20 June 2016}}</ref>

	Papanhi is a giant statue of an old man.<ref>{{cite web \|title=New Year 2016 Celebrations in Kerala\|url=http://irisholidays.com/keralatourism/new-year-2016-celebrations-in-kerala/\| publisher= Irish Holidays\| accessdate=5 March 2016}}</ref> Papanhi is burned exactly at stroke of midnight signifies the end of a passing year and welcome New Year. This symbolises the burning of all the ills and beginning on a new note. This is followed by gala party with dance and music till morning. The origin of this custom remains ambiguous.<ref>{{cite web \|title='Papaanji' burns out with a dying year\|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/papaanji-burns-out-with-a-dying-year/article2767618.ece\| publisher= The hindu\| accessdate=20 June 2016}}</ref>		Before this became a part of the Carnival, the local clubs had Papanhi festivities all over the area. It merged with the carnival and the legend too grew. The {{lang\|pt\|papanhi}} resembles [[Santa Claus]]. Over a period of time, the [[effigy]] of Santa started being burnt, however, was rectified afterwards.<ref>{{cite news \|title=The old man and a fleeting year\|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/fort-kochis-custom-of-burning-the-papaanji-on-new-years-eve-is-one-of-its-kind/article6730757.ece\| work= The Hindu\|date=28 December 2014\| accessdate=20 June 2016\|last1=S\|first1=Priyadershini}}</ref>

	There are many myths about the burning of Papanhi. Papanhi is a [[Portuguese language\|Portuguese]] word meaning an old man. Most historians say that its origin lies in the area’s hybrid past -influences of Portuguese, [[Dutch people\|Dutch]] and [[British people\|British]] on its culture.{{citation needed\|date=June 2016}} Before this became a part of the Carnival, the local clubs had Papanhi festivities all over the area. It merged with the carnival and the legend too grew. The {{lang\|pt\|papanhi}} resembles [[Santa Claus]]. Over a period of time, the [[effigy]] of Santa started being burnt, however, was rectified afterwards.<ref>{{cite ~~web~~ \|title=The old man and a fleeting year\|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/fort-kochis-custom-of-burning-the-papaanji-on-new-years-eve-is-one-of-its-kind/article6730757.ece\| ~~publisher~~= The Hindu\| accessdate=20 June 2016}}</ref>

	==See also==		==See also==
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	* [[India International Boat show]]		* [[India International Boat show]]
	* [[Kochi-Muziris Biennale]]		* [[Kochi-Muziris Biennale]]
	* [[Kerala backwaters]]
	* [[Cochin Flower Show]]
	~~{{div col end}}~~

	==References==		==References==

CleanupBot: clean up

2022-01-03T17:43:02Z

clean up

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:13, 3 January 2022
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	'''Cochin Carnival''' is a [[carnival]] held every year in the last week of December at [[Fort Kochi]] in the city of [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]].<ref>{{cite web \|title=Cochin celebration and carnival 2016\|url=http://english.mathrubhumi.com/travel/kerala/kerala-events/cochin-carnival-1.33994\| publisher= Mathrubhumi\| accessdate=20 June 2016}}</ref> This carnival is held mostly during the last two weeks of December and finally ends on 1 January. It is officially inaugurated with hoisting the Carnival flag at the [[Vasco da Gama]] Square. <ref>{{cite news \|title=Cochin Carnival Today\|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/151213/nation-current-affairs/article/cochin-carnival-today\| newspaper=Deccan Chronicle \| date=13 December 2015 \| accessdate=3 May 2018}}</ref>		'''Cochin Carnival''' is a [[carnival]] held every year in the last week of December at [[Fort Kochi]] in the city of [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]].<ref>{{cite web \|title=Cochin celebration and carnival 2016\|url=http://english.mathrubhumi.com/travel/kerala/kerala-events/cochin-carnival-1.33994\| publisher= Mathrubhumi\| accessdate=20 June 2016}}</ref> This carnival is held mostly during the last two weeks of December and finally ends on 1 January. It is officially inaugurated with hoisting the Carnival flag at the [[Vasco da Gama]] Square.<ref>{{cite news \|title=Cochin Carnival Today\|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/151213/nation-current-affairs/article/cochin-carnival-today\| newspaper=Deccan Chronicle \| date=13 December 2015 \| accessdate=3 May 2018}}</ref>

	The origin is traced to [[Portuguese people\|Portuguese]] New Year celebrations during the colonial days. The main highlight of the carnival is the massive procession on the New Year's Day, led by [[elephants]] in ornamental trappings. North Indian dances are a part of the procession. It is a combination of different cultures like [[Portuguese people\|Portuguese]], [[Gujarati people\|Gujarati]], [[Punjabis\|Punjabi]], [[Malayalee]], [[Kannada]], [[Arab]], [[Dutch people\|Dutch]], and [[Anglo Indian]] culture.<ref>{{cite web \|title=It is carnival time in Kochi again\|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/131225/lifestyle-offbeat/article/it-carnival-time-kochi-again\| publisher= Deccan Chronicle\| accessdate=15 January 2016}}</ref>		The origin is traced to [[Portuguese people\|Portuguese]] New Year celebrations during the colonial days. The main highlight of the carnival is the massive procession on the New Year's Day, led by [[elephants]] in ornamental trappings. North Indian dances are a part of the procession. It is a combination of different cultures like [[Portuguese people\|Portuguese]], [[Gujarati people\|Gujarati]], [[Punjabis\|Punjabi]], [[Malayalee]], [[Kannada]], [[Arab]], [[Dutch people\|Dutch]], and [[Anglo Indian]] culture.<ref>{{cite web \|title=It is carnival time in Kochi again\|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/131225/lifestyle-offbeat/article/it-carnival-time-kochi-again\| publisher= Deccan Chronicle\| accessdate=15 January 2016}}</ref>
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	==History==		==History==
	The history of the Cochin Carnival dates back to the colonial era. Part of [[Cochin]] was leased by [[Portugal\|Portuguese]] from 1503-1663. Cochin was their headquarters during the Portuguese rule in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web\|title=The portugeese in Cochin, India\|url=http://www.colonialvoyage.com/portuguese-cochin/#\|publisher=Colonial Voyage\|accessdate=20 June 2016\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160628171843/http://www.colonialvoyage.com/portuguese-cochin/\|archive-date=28 June 2016\|url-status=dead}}</ref>At that time, Portuguese ruler’s New Year celebrations were marked with grand parties and fiestas. This grand feast was started by these Portuguese in order to commence the new year celebrations. The new year celebrations continued even after the Portuguese left the country. However, eventually, the celebrations faded and stopped.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Cochin Carnival 2016 - December\|url=http://www.festivalsofindia.in/Cochin-Carnival/\| publisher= festivals of India\| accessdate=15 April 2016}}</ref>		The history of the Cochin Carnival dates back to the colonial era. Part of [[Cochin]] was leased by [[Portugal\|Portuguese]] from 1503-1663. Cochin was their headquarters during the Portuguese rule in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web\|title=The portugeese in Cochin, India\|url=http://www.colonialvoyage.com/portuguese-cochin/#\|publisher=Colonial Voyage\|accessdate=20 June 2016\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160628171843/http://www.colonialvoyage.com/portuguese-cochin/\|archive-date=28 June 2016\|url-status=dead}}</ref> At that time, Portuguese ruler’s New Year celebrations were marked with grand parties and fiestas. This grand feast was started by these Portuguese in order to commence the new year celebrations. The new year celebrations continued even after the Portuguese left the country. However, eventually, the celebrations faded and stopped.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Cochin Carnival 2016 - December\|url=http://www.festivalsofindia.in/Cochin-Carnival/\| publisher= festivals of India\| accessdate=15 April 2016}}</ref>

	In 1984, three youngsters from Cochin - Ananda Felix Scaria (Ananda Surya), George Augustine Thundiparambil (Roy) and Antony Anup Scaria (Anoop) decided to organise a beach festival with a programme at the [[Mahatma Gandhi beach]] to celebrate the signing of a UN proclamation mandating 1985 as the [[International Youth Year]].<ref>{{cite web \|title=International Youth Year\|url=https://www.bic.org/statements/international-youth-year\| publisher= Bic\| accessdate=2 February 2016}}</ref> They were supported by 150 youth groups of various clubs and organizations. Some of the other names associated with the first Carnival are Nirmal John Augustine, Radha Gomathi and [[Abul Kalam Azad (photographer)]], who later became an active member of the team and has many images from the first carnival, that are being archived by [[Ekalokam Trust for Photography]].<ref>https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/cochin-carnival-at-30/article6748833.ece</ref><ref>{{cite web \|title=Celebrating Mattancherry\|url=http://photomail.org/online/celebrating-mattancherry/ \|publisher= PhotoMail}}</ref>		In 1984, three youngsters from Cochin - Ananda Felix Scaria (Ananda Surya), George Augustine Thundiparambil (Roy) and Antony Anup Scaria (Anoop) decided to organise a beach festival with a programme at the [[Mahatma Gandhi beach]] to celebrate the signing of a UN proclamation mandating 1985 as the [[International Youth Year]].<ref>{{cite web \|title=International Youth Year\|url=https://www.bic.org/statements/international-youth-year\| publisher= Bic\| accessdate=2 February 2016}}</ref> They were supported by 150 youth groups of various clubs and organizations. Some of the other names associated with the first Carnival are Nirmal John Augustine, Radha Gomathi and [[Abul Kalam Azad (photographer)]], who later became an active member of the team and has many images from the first carnival, that are being archived by [[Ekalokam Trust for Photography]].<ref>https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/cochin-carnival-at-30/article6748833.ece</ref><ref>{{cite web \|title=Celebrating Mattancherry\|url=http://photomail.org/online/celebrating-mattancherry/ \|publisher= PhotoMail}}</ref>

>Kashmorwiki: Sd

2021-03-03T10:46:13Z

New page

{{short description|New year festival held at Kochi, Kerala}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox festival
| name = Cochin Carnival
| image = Thoppumpady harbour bridge.jpg
| caption = Welcome sign to the event at harbour bridge
| location = [[Fort Kochi]], [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]]
| years_active = 1984-present
| founders_name =
| frequency =Annually
| dates = 23 December to 1 January
| website =
}}
'''Cochin Carnival''' is a [[carnival]] held every year in the last week of December at [[Fort Kochi]] in the city of [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Cochin celebration and carnival 2016|url=http://english.mathrubhumi.com/travel/kerala/kerala-events/cochin-carnival-1.33994| publisher= Mathrubhumi| accessdate=20 June 2016}}</ref> This carnival is held mostly during the last two weeks of December and finally ends on 1 January. It is officially inaugurated with hoisting the Carnival flag at the [[Vasco da Gama]] Square. <ref>{{cite news |title=Cochin Carnival Today|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/151213/nation-current-affairs/article/cochin-carnival-today| newspaper=Deccan Chronicle | date=13 December 2015 | accessdate=3 May 2018}}</ref>

The origin is traced to [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] New Year celebrations during the colonial days. The main highlight of the carnival is the massive procession on the New Year's Day, led by [[elephants]] in ornamental trappings. North Indian dances are a part of the procession. It is a combination of different cultures like [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]], [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]], [[Punjabis|Punjabi]], [[Malayalee]], [[Kannada]], [[Arab]], [[Dutch people|Dutch]], and [[Anglo Indian]] culture.<ref>{{cite web |title=It is carnival time in Kochi again|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/131225/lifestyle-offbeat/article/it-carnival-time-kochi-again| publisher= Deccan Chronicle| accessdate=15 January 2016}}</ref>

Many competitions like beach bike race, [[beach football]], [[wrestling]], [[boxing]], cycle race, bullet race, [[kayaking]], swimming and [[marathon]] races are held.<ref>{{cite web |title=All you need to know about Kerala’s vibrant cultural festival|url=http://travel.india.com/articles/cochin-carnival-in-kerala-2015-all-you-need-to-know-about-it/| publisher= travel India| accessdate=20 June 2016}}</ref> Art shows, food festivals, colourful rallies and fairs add to the festive spirit of the carnival. The main principles promoted during the festival are Participation, [[Peace]], Progress, Adventure and Environment. The city is decorated with white paper buntings, especially the Kochi Fort. The white colour is dominant in all decorations which symbolizes peace and [[tranquillity]].<ref>{{cite web |title=cochin-carnival|url=http://www.cochin.org.uk/fairs-and-festivals/cochin-carnival.html| publisher= Cochin.org| accessdate=10 April 2016}}</ref>

Kochi Fort is the center of all the activities that take place at the time of the Cochin Carnival. It is promoted by the district tourism promotion council.<ref>{{cite web |title=cochin-carnival|url=http://www.webindia123.com/city/kerala/kochi-ernakulam/destinations/fairs-festivals/cochin-carnival.htm| publisher= Web india123| accessdate=20 June 2016}}</ref>

==History==
The history of the Cochin Carnival dates back to the colonial era. Part of [[Cochin]] was leased by [[Portugal|Portuguese]] from 1503-1663. Cochin was their headquarters during the Portuguese rule in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The portugeese in Cochin, India|url=http://www.colonialvoyage.com/portuguese-cochin/#|publisher=Colonial Voyage|accessdate=20 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160628171843/http://www.colonialvoyage.com/portuguese-cochin/|archive-date=28 June 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>At that time, Portuguese ruler’s New Year celebrations were marked with grand parties and fiestas. This grand feast was started by these Portuguese in order to commence the new year celebrations. The new year celebrations continued even after the Portuguese left the country. However, eventually, the celebrations faded and stopped.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cochin Carnival 2016 - December|url=http://www.festivalsofindia.in/Cochin-Carnival/| publisher= festivals of India| accessdate=15 April 2016}}</ref>

In 1984, three youngsters from Cochin - Ananda Felix Scaria (Ananda Surya), George Augustine Thundiparambil (Roy) and Antony Anup Scaria (Anoop) decided to organise a beach festival with a programme at the [[Mahatma Gandhi beach]] to celebrate the signing of a UN proclamation mandating 1985 as the [[International Youth Year]].<ref>{{cite web |title=International Youth Year|url=https://www.bic.org/statements/international-youth-year| publisher= Bic| accessdate=2 February 2016}}</ref> They were supported by 150 youth groups of various clubs and organizations. Some of the other names associated with the first Carnival are Nirmal John Augustine, Radha Gomathi and [[Abul Kalam Azad (photographer)]], who later became an active member of the team and has many images from the first carnival, that are being archived by [[Ekalokam Trust for Photography]].<ref>https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/cochin-carnival-at-30/article6748833.ece</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Celebrating Mattancherry|url=http://photomail.org/online/celebrating-mattancherry/ |publisher= PhotoMail}}</ref>

This program started during the second week of December 1984 with a cycle race followed by other local ethnic games like [[kabaddi]], [[tug of war]], [[kalari]], [[kuttiyum kolum]], Kalam Vara (floor drawing) etc. The event ended on 1 January 1985 with a procession with a massive rally including caparisoned elephants accompanied by [[Panchavadyam]], called ‘Carnivale Cochin’. Gradually, it took the form of what is today called the Cochin Carnival.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cochin Carnival at 30|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/cochin-carnival-at-30/article6748833.ece| publisher= The Hindu| accessdate=20 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Carnivals-fairs|url=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/india/kerala/kochi-cochin/events/carnivals-fairs/cochin-carnival#ixzz4C6Do6NlR| publisher= Lonely Planet| accessdate=20 June 2016}}</ref>

==Highlights==

===Papanhi===

Papanhi is a giant statue of an old man.<ref>{{cite web |title=New Year 2016 Celebrations in Kerala|url=http://irisholidays.com/keralatourism/new-year-2016-celebrations-in-kerala/| publisher= Irish Holidays| accessdate=5 March 2016}}</ref> Papanhi is burned exactly at stroke of midnight signifies the end of a passing year and welcome New Year. This symbolises the burning of all the ills and beginning on a new note. This is followed by gala party with dance and music till morning. The origin of this custom remains ambiguous.<ref>{{cite web |title='Papaanji' burns out with a dying year|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/papaanji-burns-out-with-a-dying-year/article2767618.ece| publisher= The hindu| accessdate=20 June 2016}}</ref>

There are many myths about the burning of Papanhi. Papanhi is a [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] word meaning an old man. Most historians say that its origin lies in the area’s hybrid past -influences of Portuguese, [[Dutch people|Dutch]] and [[British people|British]] on its culture.{{citation needed|date=June 2016}} Before this became a part of the Carnival, the local clubs had Papanhi festivities all over the area. It merged with the carnival and the legend too grew. The {{lang|pt|papanhi}} resembles [[Santa Claus]]. Over a period of time, the [[effigy]] of Santa started being burnt, however, was rectified afterwards.<ref>{{cite web |title=The old man and a fleeting year|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/fort-kochis-custom-of-burning-the-papaanji-on-new-years-eve-is-one-of-its-kind/article6730757.ece| publisher= The Hindu| accessdate=20 June 2016}}</ref>

==See also==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Fort Kochi]]
* [[Culture of Kochi]]
* [[India International Boat show]]
* [[Kochi-Muziris Biennale]]
* [[Kerala backwaters]]
* [[Cochin Flower Show]]
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Festivals in Ernakulam district]]
[[Category:Annual events in India]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Kochi]]
[[Category:Culture of Kochi]]
[[Category:January events]]
[[Category:December events]]