Claud Jacob - Revision history

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	==Military career==		==Military career==
	Jacob was born on 21 November 1863, at [[Mahidpur]] in the [[Bombay Presidency]] of [[British India]], to Major-General William Jacob and Eliza Jacob.<ref name=odnb>{{cite web\|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/34143?docPos=1 \|title=Sir Claud Jacob \|publisher=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography\|accessdate=25 May ~~2022~~}}</ref>		Jacob was born on 21 November 1863, at [[Mahidpur]] in the [[Bombay Presidency]] of [[British India]], to Major-General William Jacob and Eliza Jacob.<ref name=odnb>{{cite web\|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/34143?docPos=1 \|title=Sir Claud Jacob \|publisher=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography\|accessdate=25 May 2013}}</ref>

	Educated at [[Sherborne School]], he passed into [[Royal Military College, Sandhurst\|Sandhurst]] and was commissioned into the [[Worcestershire Regiment]] on 9 September 1882.<ref>{{London Gazette\|issue=25145\|page=4178\|date=8 September 1882}}</ref>{{sfn\|Davies\|1997\|p=154}} On 16 December 1884, stationed at [[Quetta]], he secured his transfer from the Worcestershire Regiment<ref>{{London Gazette\|issue=25440\|page=576\|date=10 February 1885}}</ref> to the [[British Indian Army\|Indian service]]<ref>{{London Gazette\|issue=25568\|page=1284\|date=16 March 1886}}</ref> and, in July 1886, he became adjutant of the [[130th Baluchis\|30th Regiment (Jacob's) Bombay Native Infantry]] also known as 3rd Belooch Regiment (now 12 Baloch).<ref name=heath190>Heathcote, p. 190</ref> He first saw action with the Zhob Valley expedition of 1890 after which he was posted to the [[124th Duchess of Connaught's Own Baluchistan Infantry\|24th (Baluchistan) Regiment of Bombay Infantry]] (now 6 Baloch) in 1891.<ref name=heath190/> Promoted to [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)\|captain]] on 9 September 1893<ref>{{London Gazette\|issue=26458\|page=6357\|date=14 November 1893}}</ref> and to [[major]] on 10 July 1901,<ref>{{London Gazette\|issue=27362\|page=6487\|date=4 October 1901}}</ref> he was selected to command the Zhob Levy Corps, which kept the peace in the [[North-West Frontier Province (1901–1955)\|North West Frontier Province]] along the [[Waziristan]] and Southern [[Afghanistan]] border.<ref name=heath190/> He took part in the blockade of the [[Mahsud]] [[Wazir (Pashtun tribe)\|Waziri]] tribe at the end of 1901.<ref name=odnb/> Promoted to [[lieutenant-colonel]] on 1 October 1904,<ref>{{London Gazette\|issue=27751\|page=151\|date=6 January 1905}}</ref> he was given command of the [[106th Hazara Pioneers]].<ref name=heath190/> Promoted to brevet colonel on 1 October 1908<ref>{{London Gazette\|issue=28247\|page=3389\|date=4 May 1909}}</ref> and to full [[colonel]] on 1 January 1911,<ref>{{London Gazette\|issue=28487\|page=3095\|date=21 April 1911}}</ref> he was appointed [[Staff (military)\|GSO1]] of the Meerut Division on 2 September 1912.<ref>{{London Gazette\|issue=28657\|page=7869\|date=25 October 1912}}</ref>		Educated at [[Sherborne School]], he passed into [[Royal Military College, Sandhurst\|Sandhurst]] and was commissioned into the [[Worcestershire Regiment]] on 9 September 1882.<ref>{{London Gazette\|issue=25145\|page=4178\|date=8 September 1882}}</ref>{{sfn\|Davies\|1997\|p=154}} On 16 December 1884, stationed at [[Quetta]], he secured his transfer from the Worcestershire Regiment<ref>{{London Gazette\|issue=25440\|page=576\|date=10 February 1885}}</ref> to the [[British Indian Army\|Indian service]]<ref>{{London Gazette\|issue=25568\|page=1284\|date=16 March 1886}}</ref> and, in July 1886, he became adjutant of the [[130th Baluchis\|30th Regiment (Jacob's) Bombay Native Infantry]] also known as 3rd Belooch Regiment (now 12 Baloch).<ref name=heath190>Heathcote, p. 190</ref> He first saw action with the Zhob Valley expedition of 1890 after which he was posted to the [[124th Duchess of Connaught's Own Baluchistan Infantry\|24th (Baluchistan) Regiment of Bombay Infantry]] (now 6 Baloch) in 1891.<ref name=heath190/> Promoted to [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)\|captain]] on 9 September 1893<ref>{{London Gazette\|issue=26458\|page=6357\|date=14 November 1893}}</ref> and to [[major]] on 10 July 1901,<ref>{{London Gazette\|issue=27362\|page=6487\|date=4 October 1901}}</ref> he was selected to command the Zhob Levy Corps, which kept the peace in the [[North-West Frontier Province (1901–1955)\|North West Frontier Province]] along the [[Waziristan]] and Southern [[Afghanistan]] border.<ref name=heath190/> He took part in the blockade of the [[Mahsud]] [[Wazir (Pashtun tribe)\|Waziri]] tribe at the end of 1901.<ref name=odnb/> Promoted to [[lieutenant-colonel]] on 1 October 1904,<ref>{{London Gazette\|issue=27751\|page=151\|date=6 January 1905}}</ref> he was given command of the [[106th Hazara Pioneers]].<ref name=heath190/> Promoted to brevet colonel on 1 October 1908<ref>{{London Gazette\|issue=28247\|page=3389\|date=4 May 1909}}</ref> and to full [[colonel]] on 1 January 1911,<ref>{{London Gazette\|issue=28487\|page=3095\|date=21 April 1911}}</ref> he was appointed [[Staff (military)\|GSO1]] of the Meerut Division on 2 September 1912.<ref>{{London Gazette\|issue=28657\|page=7869\|date=25 October 1912}}</ref>

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{{Short description|British Indian Army officer (1863–1948)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox military person
|name= Sir Claud William Jacob
|image= LtGen Claud William Jacob.jpg
|image_size= 250px
|alt=
|caption= Lieutenant General Claud Jacob c. 1916
|birth_date= {{birth date|df=y|1863|11|21}}
|death_date= {{death date and age|df=y|1948|6|2|1863|11|21}}
|birth_place= [[Mahidpur]], [[British India]]
|death_place=
|placeofburial=
|nickname=
|allegiance=
|branch= [[British Indian Army|Indian Army]]
|serviceyears= 1882–1925
|rank= [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]]
|servicenumber=
|unit=
|commands= [[Commander-in-Chief, India]] [[Northern Command (India)|Northern Command, India]] [[Chief of the General Staff (India)]] [[II Corps (United Kingdom)|II Corps]] [[21st Division (United Kingdom)|21st Division]] [[106th Hazara Pioneers]] [[Zhob Militia|Zhob Levy Corps]]
|battles= [[Military history of the North-West Frontier|North-West Frontier]] [[First World War]]
|awards= [[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]] [[Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India]] [[Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George]]
|relations= Lieutenant General [[Ian Jacob|Sir Ian Jacob]] (son)
|laterwork=
}}
[[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]] '''Sir Claud William Jacob''', {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|GCB|GCSI|KCMG}} (21 November 1863 – 2 June 1948) was a [[British Indian Army]] officer. He served in the [[First World War]] as commander of the Dehra Dun Brigade, as General Officer Commanding [[21st Division (United Kingdom)|21st Division]] and as General Officer Commanding [[II Corps (United Kingdom)|II Corps]] in the [[Fifth Army (United Kingdom)|Fifth Army]]. During the [[Battle of the Somme]], his corps undertook the British attack during the [[Battle of Thiepval Ridge]] in September 1916 and the subsequent assault on St Pierre Divion during the [[Battle of the Ancre]] in November 1916. He remained in command of II Corps for the [[Battle of Passchendaele]] in Autumn 1917. After the War he commanded a corps of the [[British Army of the Rhine]] during the [[occupation of the Rhineland|occupation there]] and then served as [[Chief of the General Staff (India)|Chief of the General Staff in India]]. He went on to be General Officer Commanding [[Northern Command (India)|Northern Command]] in India before temporarily becoming [[Commander-in-Chief, India]] and then taking over as [[Military Secretary to the India Office]].

==Military career==
Jacob was born on 21 November 1863, at [[Mahidpur]] in the [[Bombay Presidency]] of [[British India]], to Major-General William Jacob and Eliza Jacob.<ref name=odnb>{{cite web|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/34143?docPos=1 |title=Sir Claud Jacob |publisher=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|accessdate=25 May 2022}}</ref>

Educated at [[Sherborne School]], he passed into [[Royal Military College, Sandhurst|Sandhurst]] and was commissioned into the [[Worcestershire Regiment]] on 9 September 1882.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=25145|page=4178|date=8 September 1882}}</ref>{{sfn|Davies|1997|p=154}} On 16 December 1884, stationed at [[Quetta]], he secured his transfer from the Worcestershire Regiment<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=25440|page=576|date=10 February 1885}}</ref> to the [[British Indian Army|Indian service]]<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=25568|page=1284|date=16 March 1886}}</ref> and, in July 1886, he became adjutant of the [[130th Baluchis|30th Regiment (Jacob's) Bombay Native Infantry]] also known as 3rd Belooch Regiment (now 12 Baloch).<ref name=heath190>Heathcote, p. 190</ref> He first saw action with the Zhob Valley expedition of 1890 after which he was posted to the [[124th Duchess of Connaught's Own Baluchistan Infantry|24th (Baluchistan) Regiment of Bombay Infantry]] (now 6 Baloch) in 1891.<ref name=heath190/> Promoted to [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|captain]] on 9 September 1893<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=26458|page=6357|date=14 November 1893}}</ref> and to [[major]] on 10 July 1901,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27362|page=6487|date=4 October 1901}}</ref> he was selected to command the Zhob Levy Corps, which kept the peace in the [[North-West Frontier Province (1901–1955)|North West Frontier Province]] along the [[Waziristan]] and Southern [[Afghanistan]] border.<ref name=heath190/> He took part in the blockade of the [[Mahsud]] [[Wazir (Pashtun tribe)|Waziri]] tribe at the end of 1901.<ref name=odnb/> Promoted to [[lieutenant-colonel]] on 1 October 1904,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27751|page=151|date=6 January 1905}}</ref> he was given command of the [[106th Hazara Pioneers]].<ref name=heath190/> Promoted to brevet colonel on 1 October 1908<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=28247|page=3389|date=4 May 1909}}</ref> and to full [[colonel]] on 1 January 1911,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=28487|page=3095|date=21 April 1911}}</ref> he was appointed [[Staff (military)|GSO1]] of the Meerut Division on 2 September 1912.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=28657|page=7869|date=25 October 1912}}</ref>

[[File:General Sir Claud William Jacob, Kcb Art.IWMART1812.jpg|thumb|left|A half length portrait of General Sir Claud Jacob in uniform, 1 March 1917.]]

At the outbreak of the [[World War I|First World War]] in 1914, Jacob went with the Meerut division, part of the Indian corps, to the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]].<ref name=heath190/> He saw action at the closing stages of the [[Battle of La Bassée]] in October 1914.<ref name=heath190/> Promoted to temporary [[brigadier-general]] on 5 January 1915, he was appointed to command the Dehra Dun Brigade,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=29075|supp=y|page=1710|date=16 February 1915}}</ref> and led the brigade at the [[Battle of Neuve Chapelle]] in March 1915 and the [[Battle of Aubers Ridge]] in May 1915.<ref name=heath190/> Promoted to temporary [[major-general]] on 7 September 1915,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=29319|supp=y|page=9871|date=5 October 1915}}</ref> he became General Officer Commanding the Meerut division and led the division at the [[Battle of Loos]] in October 1915.<ref name=heath190/> With the Indian Corps was preparing to leave the Western front, he was appointed to take over the [[21st Division (United Kingdom)|21st Division]] of the "New Armies" on 18 November 1915.<ref name=heath190/> Promoted to the substantive rank of major-general on 1 January 1916<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=29438|supp=y|page=568|date=11 January 1916}}</ref> and despite being wounded in March 1916,<ref name=heath191>Heathcote, p. 191</ref> he was promoted to temporary [[lieutenant-general]] on 28 May 1916<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=29633|supp=y|page=6193|date=20 June 1916}}</ref> and appointed to command [[II Corps (United Kingdom)|II Corps]] in the [[Fifth Army (United Kingdom)|Fifth Army]] in September 1916.<ref name=heath191/> During the [[Battle of the Somme]], his corps undertook the British attack during the [[Battle of Thiepval Ridge]] in September 1916 and the subsequent assault on St Pierre Divion during the [[Battle of the Ancre]] in November 1916.<ref name=odnb/> He remained in command of II Corps, having been promoted to the substantive rank of [[lieutenant-general]] on 3 June 1917,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=30111|supp=y|page=5463|date=1 June 1917}}</ref> for the [[Battle of Passchendaele]] in Autumn 1917.<ref name=heath191/>

Jacob commanded a corps of the [[British Army of the Rhine]] during the [[occupation of the Rhineland|occupation there]].<ref name=heath191/> He became [[Chief of the General Staff (India)|Chief of the General Staff in India]] in January 1920 and was then both promoted to full [[general]]<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=32185|supp=y|page=12384|date=14 December 1920}}</ref> and appointed [[Aide-de-Camp]] to [[George V of the United Kingdom|King George V]] on 31 May 1920.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=32185|page=186|date=7 January 1921}}</ref> He returned home to [[England]] in 1924, and in November of that year was given the [[Northern Command (India)|Northern Command]] in India.<ref name=heath191/> When [[Henry Rawlinson, 1st Baron Rawlinson|Lord Rawlinson]] died in March 1925, he acted temporarily as [[Commander-in-Chief, India]],<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33037|page=2469|date=10 April 1925}}</ref> until [[William Birdwood|Sir William Birdwood]] took over that role in August 1925 and Jacob returned home again.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33081|page=5841|date=4 September 1925}}</ref> He took up the appointment of [[Military Secretary to the India Office]] in April 1926<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33189|page=5206|date=6 August 1926}}</ref> and, having been promoted [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|field marshal]] on 30 November 1926,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33225|page=7814|date=30 November 1926}}</ref> he remained at the India Office until he retired in May 1930.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33613|page=3572|date=6 June 1930}}</ref>

In retirement Jacob became [[Constable of the Tower|Constable]] of the [[Tower of London]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=34495|page=1936|date=22 March 1938}}</ref> He was also Colonel of 2nd Battalion The Baluch Regiment (now 7th Battalion The [[Baloch Regiment]]),<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33447|supp=y|page=8255|date=14 December 1928}}</ref> Colonel of the [[106th Hazara Pioneers]]<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=29651|page=6613|date=4 July 1916}}</ref> and Colonel of the [[Worcestershire Regiment]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33265|page=2408|date=12 April 1927}}</ref> In January 1936 he attended the funeral of [[George V|King George V]]<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=34279|supp=y|page=2763|date=29 April 1936}}</ref> and in May 1937 he attended the coronation of [[George VI|King George VI]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=34453|supp=y|page=7035|date=10 November 1937}}</ref> He died at [[King's College Hospital]] in London on 2 June 1948 at the age of 84.<ref name=heath191/>{{sfn|Davies|1997|p=154}}

==Family==
[[File:Chateauwood.jpg|thumb|right|300px|The Battle of Passchendaele, at which Jacob commanded II Corps, during the First World War]]
In 1894, he married Clara Pauline Wyatt, daughter of the Reverend J. L. Wyatt, well known as a missionary and student of oriental languages in India, and also a lecturer in Tamil at [[Cambridge University]] from 1895 to 1929. The couple had one son, [[Ian Jacob|Edward Ian Claud Jacob]], who later became Assistant Military Secretary of the War Cabinet and [[Director-General of the BBC]].<ref>Miall, p. 91–101</ref>

==Honours==
'''British'''
*[[Order of St Michael and St George|KCMG]] – 1 January 1919<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=31092|supp=y|page=3|date=31 December 1918}}</ref>
*[[Order of the Star of India|GCSI]] – 3 June 1930<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33611|supp=y|page=3476|date=30 May 1930}}</ref> (KCSI – 1 January 1924<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=32893|supp=y|page=4|date=28 December 1923}}</ref>)
*[[Order of the Bath|GCB]] – 3 July 1926<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33179|supp=y|page=4403|date=2 July 1926}}</ref> (KCB – 1917; CB – 1915)<ref name=heath191/>
* Knight of Grace of the [[Venerable Order of Saint John]] – 19 June 1926<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33174|page=4037|date=22 June 1926}}</ref>
'''Foreign'''
*Grand Officer of the [[Order of the Crown (Belgium)|Order of the Crown]] (Belgium) – 11 March 1918<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=30568|supp=y|page=3094|date=8 March 1918}}</ref>
*Grand Officer of the [[Legion of Honour]] (France) – 15 December 1919<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=31688|supp=y|page=15577|date=12 December 1919}}</ref>
*[[Croix de Guerre]] (France) – 7 January 1919<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=31109|supp=y|page=313|date=3 January 1919}}</ref>
*[[Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)|Distinguished Service Medal]] (United States) – 12 July 1919<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=31451|supp=y|page=8938|date=11 July 1919}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|20em}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book |title=Bloody Red Tabs: General Officer Casualties of the Great War 1914–1918 |last=Davies |first=Frank |year=1997 |publisher=Pen & Sword Books |location=London |isbn=978-0-85052-463-5}}
*{{cite book| first=Tony| last=Heathcote|title=The British Field Marshals 1736–1997| publisher=Pen & Sword| location=Barnsley (UK)| year=1999| isbn=0-85052-696-5}}
*{{cite book| last = Miall| first = Leonard |author-link=Leonard Miall | title = Inside the BBC: British Broadcasting Characters | publisher = Weidenfeld and Nicolson| year = 1994| isbn = 0-297-81328-5 }}

==External links==
*[https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.geocities.com/myjacobfamily/CLAUDE&date=2009-10-26+02:28:19 Images of Claud Jacob]
*[http://www.worcestershireregiment.com/wr.php?main=inc/c_jacob Profile on Worcestershire Regiment site]
{{Clear}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{s-bef|before=[[George Forestier-Walker]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[21st Division (United Kingdom)|GOC 21st Division]]|years=1915–1916}}
{{s-aft|after=[[David Campbell (British Army officer)|David Campbell]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Sir Charles Fergusson, 7th Baronet|Charles Fergusson]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[II Corps (United Kingdom)|GOC II Corps]]|years=September 1916 – September 1919}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Alexander Godley|Sir Alexander Godley]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[George Macaulay Kirkpatrick|Sir George Kirkpatrick]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chief of the General Staff (India)]]|years=1920–1924}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Andrew Skeen|Sir Andrew Skeen]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[William Birdwood, 1st Baron Birdwood|Sir William Birdwood]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Northern Command (India)|GOC-in-C, Northern Command, India]]|years=1924–1925}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Alexander Cobbe|Sir Alexander Cobbe]]}}
|-
{{succession box | title=[[Commander-in-Chief, India]] | before=[[Henry Rawlinson, 1st Baron Rawlinson|Henry Rawlinson]] | after=[[William Birdwood, 1st Baron Birdwood|William Birdwood]] | years=1925}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Alexander Cobbe|Sir Alexander Cobbe]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Military Secretary to the India Office]]|years=1926–1930}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Alexander Cobbe|Sir Alexander Cobbe]]}}
{{s-hon}}
{{s-bef|before=[[George Milne, 1st Baron Milne|Baron Milne]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Constable of the Tower|Constable of the Tower of London]]|years=1943–1948}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Philip Chetwode, 1st Baron Chetwode|Baron Chetwode]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Commander-in-Chief, India}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jacob, Claud}}
[[Category:1863 births]]
[[Category:1948 deaths]]
[[Category:Foreign recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (United States)]]
[[Category:Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst]]
[[Category:Worcestershire Regiment officers]]
[[Category:British field marshals]]
[[Category:British Commanders-in-Chief of India]]
[[Category:Indian Army generals of World War I]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George]]
[[Category:People educated at Sherborne School]]
[[Category:Constables of the Tower of London]]
[[Category:Military personnel of British India]]
[[Category:British Indian Army generals]]
[[Category:Members of the Council of the Governor General of India]]