Classical Languages of India - Revision history

Vedpsagar: slightly enhance formatting for clarity and updated info

2024-01-16T15:11:22Z

slightly enhance formatting for clarity and updated info

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:41, 16 January 2024
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	~~{{Short description\|Classical languages of the Indian Republic}}~~		#REDIRECT [[Classical languages of India]]
	~~{{About\|officially recognised classical languages in India\|general classical languages\|classical language}}~~		{{R from move}}
	~~{{Constitutionally recognised languages in India}}~~
	~~The Government of India recognises six languages as the '''Classical languages of India'''. In 2004, the~~ [[~~Government of India]] declared that languages that met certain strict criteria could be accorded the status of a "~~Classical Language" of India.<ref name="bbcclassical">{{cite news \|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3667032.stm \|publisher=BBC \|title=India sets up classical languages \|access-date=1 May 2007 \| date=17 September 2004}}</ref> It was instituted by the [[Ministry of Culture (India)\|Ministry of Culture]] along with the Linguistic Experts' Committee. The committee was constituted by the Government of India to consider demands for categorization of languages as [[Classical language\|Classical Language]]s.

	~~==Classical languages==~~
	The declared [[Classical languages]] ([[Classical languages\|Sashtriya Bhasa]]) of the [[Republic of India]]: [[Kannada]], [[Malayalam]], [[Odia language\|Odia]], [[Sanskrit]], [[Tamil language\|Tamil]] and [[Telugu language\|Telugu]].
	~~{\| class="wikitable"~~
	~~! Language !! In own script!! Recognition !! Ref~~
	\|-
	\| [[Tamil language\|Tamil]]\|\| தமிழ் \|\| 2004 \|\| <ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2004/09/18/stories/2004091806530100.htm \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303153544/http://www.thehindu.com/2004/09/18/stories/2004091806530100.htm \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=3 March 2018 \|title=Front Page : Tamil to be a classical language \|date=18 September 2004 \|access-date=1 August 2010 \|work=[[The Hindu]] \|location=Chennai, India}}</ref>
	\|-
	\| [[Sanskrit]] \|\|संस्कृतम्\|\| 2005 \|\| <ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2005/10/28/stories/2005102809281200.htm \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160904105019/http://www.thehindu.com/2005/10/28/stories/2005102809281200.htm \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=4 September 2016 \|title=National : Sanskrit to be declared classical language \|date=28 October 2005 \|access-date=1 August 2010 \|work=[[The Hindu]] \|location=Chennai, India}}</ref>
	\|-
	\| [[Telugu language\|Telugu]] \|\|తెలుగు \|\| 2008 \|\| <ref name="antiquity">{{cite web\|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=44340\|title=Declaration of Telugu and Kannada as classical languages~~\|work=Press Information Bureau\|publisher=Ministry of Tourism and Culture, Government~~ of India~~\|access-date=31 October 2008\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233830/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=44340\|archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref>~~
	\|-
	~~\| [[Kannada~~]] ~~\|\|ಕನ್ನಡ \|\| 2008 \|\| <ref name="antiquity"/>~~
	\|-
	~~\| [[Malayalam]]\|\| മലയാളം \|\| 2013 \|\| <ref>~~{{cite news\|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/classical-status-for-malayalam/article4744630.ece \| title='Classical' status for Malayalam \|work=[[The Hindu]] \|date=24 May 2013 \|access-date=25 May 2013 \|location=Thiruvananthapuram, India}}</ref>
	\|-
	\| [[Odia language\|Odia]]\|\|ଓଡ଼ିଆ \|\| 2014 \|\| <ref name=Hindu-Oriya-Classical>{{cite news\|title=Odia gets classical language status\|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/odia-gets-classical-language-status/article5709028.ece\|access-date=20 February 2014\|newspaper=The Hindu\|date=20 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Milestone-for-state-as-Odia-gets-classical-language-status/articleshow/30779140.cms\|title=Milestone for state as Odia gets classical language status\|work=The Times of India}}</ref>
	\|}

	~~==Criteria==~~
	In the year 2004, the tentative criteria for the age of antiquity of "classical language" was assumed to be at least 1000 years of existence.<ref>{{Cite news \|date=2004-09-17 \|title=India sets up classical languages \|language=en-GB \|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3667032.stm \|website=[[BBC]]}}</ref>

	In a 2006 press release, Minister of Tourism and Culture [[Ambika Soni]] told the [[Rajya Sabha]] the following criteria were laid down to determine the eligibility of languages to be considered for classification as a "Classical Language",<ref name="offshoots">{{cite web\|url=http://pib.nic.in/release/rel_print_page1.asp?relid=19653\|title=CLASSICAL LANGUAGE STATUS TO KANNADA\|publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India\|date=8 August 2006\|access-date=6 November 2008\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118162310/http://pib.nic.in/release/rel_print_page1.asp?relid=19653\|archive-date=18 January 2012}}</ref>

	{{blockquote\| High antiquity of its early texts/recorded history over a period of 1500–2000 years; a body of ancient literature/texts, which is considered a valuable heritage by generations of speakers; the literary tradition be original and not borrowed from another speech community; the classical language and literature being distinct from modern, there may also be a discontinuity between the classical language and its later forms or its offshoots.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/column-reviving-classical-languages-2113875\|title=Reviving classical languages – Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis\|date=13 August 2015\|website=Dnaindia.com\|access-date=28 December 2017}}</ref>}}

	~~==Benefits==~~
	As per Government of India's Resolution No. 2-16/2004-US (Akademies) dated 1 November 2004, the benefits that will accrue to a language declared as a "Classical Language" are:<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=98244\|title=Classical Status to Odiya Language\|publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India\|date=14 August 2013\|access-date=18 January 2023}}~~</ref>~~

	~~# Two major international awards for scholars of eminence in Classical Indian Languages are awarded annually.~~
	~~# A Centre of Excellence for Studies in Classical Languages is set up.~~
	# The [[University Grants Commission (India)\|University Grants Commission]] will be requested to create, to start with at least in the Central Universities, a certain number of Professional Chairs for Classical Languages for scholars of eminence in Classical Indian Languages.<ref name=":0">{{Cite press release\|title = Classical Status to Oriya Language\|date = 14 August 2013\|url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=98244\|website=Pib.nic.in\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112062502/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=98244\|archive-date=12 January 2014}}</ref>

	~~==Demands for other languages==~~
	~~{{See\|Meitei classical language movement}}~~
	Over the next few years, demands have been made for other languages to be accorded Classical status, including [[Pali]],<ref name=BSingh2013>{{cite news\|last=Singh\|first=Binay\|title=Removal of Pali as UPSC subject draws criticism\|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/varanasi/Removal-of-Pali-as-UPSC-subject-draws-criticism/articleshow/19890980.cms\|access-date=20 February 2014\|newspaper=The Times of India\|date=5 May 2013}}</ref> [[Bengali language\|Bengali]],<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2013/jun/23/Didi-Naveen-face-off-over-classical-language-status-489514.html\|title=Didi, Naveen face-off over classical language status\|website=The New Indian Express\|access-date=2020-02-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.facebook.com/bobbbc/posts/1109896535705445 \|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/405846476110458/1109896535705445 \|archive-date=2022-02-26 \|url-access=limited\|title=Bangla O Bangla Bhasha Banchao Committee\|website=www.facebook.com\|language=en\|access-date=2020-02-12}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Marathi language\|Marathi]],<ref>{{cite news \|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/clamour-grows-for-marathi-to-be-given-classical-language-status/articleshow/63776578.cms \|title=Clamour grows for Marathi to be given classical language status \|author=Clara Lewis \|date=16 April 2018 \|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref><ref name="Classical Status to Marathi">{{cite news\|title=Marathi may become classical language\|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/marathi-may-become-the-sixth-classical-language/1137485/\|newspaper=The Indian Express\|date=4 July 2013}}</ref> [[Maithili language\|Maithili]]<ref>{{cite news \|url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/madhubani-not-a-single-language-of-bihar-has-become-a-classical-language-yet-maithili-may-be-included-21816443.html \|title=बिहार की एक भी भाषा अब तक नहीं बनी शास्त्रीय भाषा, मैथिली हो सकता शामिल\|date=9 July 2021 \|author=Jagran Team \|newspaper=Jagran}}</ref> and [[Meitei language\|Meitei]] (officially called [[Manipuri language\|Manipuri]]).<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Manipur steps up to renew push for inclusion of Manipuri among India's classical languages (time duration of the movement) \|url=https://www.ifp.co.in/manipur/manipur-steps-up-to-renew-push-for-inclusion-of-manipuri-among-indias-classical-languages \|access-date= \|website=[[Imphal Free Press]] \|language=en-GB \|quote=The movement for recognizing Manipuri as a classical language began in 2013, yet there has been a gap in the follow up actions.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|title=MP for classical language status : 23rd sep20 ~ E-Pao! Headlines \|url=http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=17..230920.sep20 \|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|title=Process for recognising Manipuri as classical language of India underway: MP Sanajaoba \|url=https://www.ifp.co.in/4203/process-for-recognising-manipuri-as-classical-language-of-india-underway-mp-sanajaoba \|website=[[Imphal Free Press]] \|language=en}}</ref>

	~~== See also ==~~
	* [[Indian classical dance]]
	* [[Indian classical music]]
	~~==References==~~
	~~{{Reflist}}~~

	~~{{Languages of India}}~~
	~~{{Languages of South Asia}}~~

	~~[[Category:Languages of India\| ]]~~
	~~[[Category:Classical Language in India]]~~

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article

2023-08-22T07:02:32Z

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{{Short description|Classical languages of the Indian Republic}}
{{About|officially recognised classical languages in India|general classical languages|classical language}}
{{Constitutionally recognised languages in India}}
The Government of India recognises six languages as the '''Classical languages of India'''. In 2004, the [[Government of India]] declared that languages that met certain strict criteria could be accorded the status of a "Classical Language" of India.<ref name="bbcclassical">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3667032.stm |publisher=BBC |title=India sets up classical languages |access-date=1 May 2007 | date=17 September 2004}}</ref> It was instituted by the [[Ministry of Culture (India)|Ministry of Culture]] along with the Linguistic Experts' Committee. The committee was constituted by the Government of India to consider demands for categorization of languages as [[Classical language|Classical Language]]s.

==Classical languages==
The declared [[Classical languages]] ([[Classical languages|Sashtriya Bhasa]]) of the [[Republic of India]]: [[Kannada]], [[Malayalam]], [[Odia language|Odia]], [[Sanskrit]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]].
{| class="wikitable"
! Language !! In own script!! Recognition !! Ref
|-
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]|| தமிழ் || 2004 || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2004/09/18/stories/2004091806530100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303153544/http://www.thehindu.com/2004/09/18/stories/2004091806530100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 March 2018 |title=Front Page : Tamil to be a classical language |date=18 September 2004 |access-date=1 August 2010 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref>
|-
| [[Sanskrit]] ||संस्कृतम्|| 2005 || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2005/10/28/stories/2005102809281200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160904105019/http://www.thehindu.com/2005/10/28/stories/2005102809281200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 September 2016 |title=National : Sanskrit to be declared classical language |date=28 October 2005 |access-date=1 August 2010 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref>
|-
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||తెలుగు || 2008 || <ref name="antiquity">{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=44340|title=Declaration of Telugu and Kannada as classical languages|work=Press Information Bureau|publisher=Ministry of Tourism and Culture, Government of India|access-date=31 October 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233830/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=44340|archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref>
|-
| [[Kannada]] ||ಕನ್ನಡ || 2008 || <ref name="antiquity"/>
|-
| [[Malayalam]]|| മലയാളം || 2013 || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/classical-status-for-malayalam/article4744630.ece | title='Classical' status for Malayalam |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=24 May 2013 |access-date=25 May 2013 |location=Thiruvananthapuram, India}}</ref>
|-
| [[Odia language|Odia]]||ଓଡ଼ିଆ || 2014 || <ref name=Hindu-Oriya-Classical>{{cite news|title=Odia gets classical language status|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/odia-gets-classical-language-status/article5709028.ece|access-date=20 February 2014|newspaper=The Hindu|date=20 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Milestone-for-state-as-Odia-gets-classical-language-status/articleshow/30779140.cms|title=Milestone for state as Odia gets classical language status|work=The Times of India}}</ref>
|}

==Criteria==
In the year 2004, the tentative criteria for the age of antiquity of "classical language" was assumed to be at least 1000 years of existence.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2004-09-17 |title=India sets up classical languages |language=en-GB |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3667032.stm |website=[[BBC]]}}</ref>

In a 2006 press release, Minister of Tourism and Culture [[Ambika Soni]] told the [[Rajya Sabha]] the following criteria were laid down to determine the eligibility of languages to be considered for classification as a "Classical Language",<ref name="offshoots">{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/release/rel_print_page1.asp?relid=19653|title=CLASSICAL LANGUAGE STATUS TO KANNADA|publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India|date=8 August 2006|access-date=6 November 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118162310/http://pib.nic.in/release/rel_print_page1.asp?relid=19653|archive-date=18 January 2012}}</ref>

{{blockquote| High antiquity of its early texts/recorded history over a period of 1500–2000 years; a body of ancient literature/texts, which is considered a valuable heritage by generations of speakers; the literary tradition be original and not borrowed from another speech community; the classical language and literature being distinct from modern, there may also be a discontinuity between the classical language and its later forms or its offshoots.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/column-reviving-classical-languages-2113875|title=Reviving classical languages – Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis|date=13 August 2015|website=Dnaindia.com|access-date=28 December 2017}}</ref>}}

==Benefits==
As per Government of India's Resolution No. 2-16/2004-US (Akademies) dated 1 November 2004, the benefits that will accrue to a language declared as a "Classical Language" are:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=98244|title=Classical Status to Odiya Language|publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India|date=14 August 2013|access-date=18 January 2023}}</ref>

# Two major international awards for scholars of eminence in Classical Indian Languages are awarded annually.
# A Centre of Excellence for Studies in Classical Languages is set up.
# The [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] will be requested to create, to start with at least in the Central Universities, a certain number of Professional Chairs for Classical Languages for scholars of eminence in Classical Indian Languages.<ref name=":0">{{Cite press release|title = Classical Status to Oriya Language|date = 14 August 2013|url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=98244|website=Pib.nic.in|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112062502/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=98244|archive-date=12 January 2014}}</ref>

==Demands for other languages==
{{See|Meitei classical language movement}}
Over the next few years, demands have been made for other languages to be accorded Classical status, including [[Pali]],<ref name=BSingh2013>{{cite news|last=Singh|first=Binay|title=Removal of Pali as UPSC subject draws criticism|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/varanasi/Removal-of-Pali-as-UPSC-subject-draws-criticism/articleshow/19890980.cms|access-date=20 February 2014|newspaper=The Times of India|date=5 May 2013}}</ref> [[Bengali language|Bengali]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2013/jun/23/Didi-Naveen-face-off-over-classical-language-status-489514.html|title=Didi, Naveen face-off over classical language status|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=2020-02-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/bobbbc/posts/1109896535705445 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/405846476110458/1109896535705445 |archive-date=2022-02-26 |url-access=limited|title=Bangla O Bangla Bhasha Banchao Committee|website=www.facebook.com|language=en|access-date=2020-02-12}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Marathi language|Marathi]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/clamour-grows-for-marathi-to-be-given-classical-language-status/articleshow/63776578.cms |title=Clamour grows for Marathi to be given classical language status |author=Clara Lewis |date=16 April 2018 |newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref><ref name="Classical Status to Marathi">{{cite news|title=Marathi may become classical language|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/marathi-may-become-the-sixth-classical-language/1137485/|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=4 July 2013}}</ref> [[Maithili language|Maithili]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/madhubani-not-a-single-language-of-bihar-has-become-a-classical-language-yet-maithili-may-be-included-21816443.html |title=बिहार की एक भी भाषा अब तक नहीं बनी शास्त्रीय भाषा, मैथिली हो सकता शामिल|date=9 July 2021 |author=Jagran Team |newspaper=Jagran}}</ref> and [[Meitei language|Meitei]] (officially called [[Manipuri language|Manipuri]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manipur steps up to renew push for inclusion of Manipuri among India's classical languages (time duration of the movement) |url=https://www.ifp.co.in/manipur/manipur-steps-up-to-renew-push-for-inclusion-of-manipuri-among-indias-classical-languages |access-date= |website=[[Imphal Free Press]] |language=en-GB |quote=The movement for recognizing Manipuri as a classical language began in 2013, yet there has been a gap in the follow up actions.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MP for classical language status : 23rd sep20 ~ E-Pao! Headlines |url=http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=17..230920.sep20 |website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Process for recognising Manipuri as classical language of India underway: MP Sanajaoba |url=https://www.ifp.co.in/4203/process-for-recognising-manipuri-as-classical-language-of-india-underway-mp-sanajaoba |website=[[Imphal Free Press]] |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Indian classical dance]]
* [[Indian classical music]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Languages of India}}
{{Languages of South Asia}}

[[Category:Languages of India| ]]
[[Category:Classical Language in India]]