2401:4900:5462:D9A8:F7F:40E6:8DFF:1A04 at 16:32, 3 July 2021

2021-07-03T16:32:32Z

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{{About|the city|the district|Churu district|the constituencies|Churu (Lok Sabha constituency)|and|Churu (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2017}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Churu
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Rajasthan, India
| coordinates = {{coord|28.30|N|74.95|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Churu district|Churu]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Federal Republic]]
| governing_body = [[Government of India]]
| leader_title = [[Member of Parliament]]
| leader_name = [[Rahul Kaswan]]
| leader_title1 = [[Member of legislative assembly]]
| leader_name1 = [[Rajendra Singh Rathore]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 292
| population_total = 119,856
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 331001
| area_code = 01562
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = RJ-10
| website = [http://churu.rajasthan.gov.in churu.rajasthan.gov.in]
| footnotes = Famous for temples, Havelies, Sand Dunes, Forest reserve
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]] and [[Rajasthani language|Rajasthani]]
}}

'''Churu''' is a city in the desert region of [[Rajasthan]] state of India. It is known as the gateway to the [[Thar Desert]] of Rajasthan. It is the administrative headquarter of [[Churu District]]. It lies in the Thar Desert{{clarify|date=January 2013}} on the [[National Highway 52]] connecting [[Sangrur]] to [[Ankola]] and is a junction station on the railway line to [[Bikaner]]. It is near the shifting [[sand dunes]] of the Thar Desert and has grand [[haveli]]s with marvelous [[fresco]] paintings, namely ''Kanhaiya Lal Bagla Ki Haweli'' and ''Surana Haweli'', with hundreds of small windows. It also has some fine [[Chhatri]]s. Near the town is a religious seat of the Nath sect of [[Sadhu]]s where there are life-size marble statues of their deities and a place for prayers. At the center of the town is a fort built about 500 years ago.

== History ==
[[File:Churu_Desert.jpg|thumb|right|A view of the desert near Churu]]
It was founded in 1620 AD by the churru jat of jat clan.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Churu-Rajasthan|title=History|url=https://churu.rajasthan.gov.in/content/raj/churu/en/about-churu/history.html#|access-date=2021-06-20|website=churu.rajasthan.gov.in|language=en-us}}</ref> It was subsequently ruled by Rathore (Banirot)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rajras.in/index.php/churu-history-geography-places/|title=Churu: History, Geography, Places|date=2016-09-19|website=RajRAS - Rajasthan RAS|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-14}}</ref> rajputs (also residence of thailasar)and during the battle of 1871 the area came under dominance of [[Bikaner]]. The [[Shekhawat]]s (Taknet) fought alongside the Rathores (Banirot) to defend the city fort. This battle is famous for its usage of canon shells made of silver.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rajras.in/index.php/churu-history-geography-places/|title=Churu: History, Geography, Places|date=2016-09-19|website=RajRAS - Rajasthan RAS|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-14}}</ref> The descendants of the Taknet's<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.co.in/maps/place/Taknet+house/@28.3065665,74.9737337,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x39136388b7bc9cff:0xb16ab7bf3bdc4988!8m2!3d28.3065665!4d74.9759224|title=Google Maps|website=Google Maps|language=en|access-date=2019-12-14}}</ref> and the Banirot's still reside in the city. Churu, like an oasis, situated in the middle of the shifting golden sand dunes, opens the gate to the [[Thar Desert]].

Before India's independence in 1947, it was a part of [[Bikaner State]]. The district came into existence in 1948, comprising three [[Tehsils of India|tehsils]] - Churu, Rajgarh and Taranagar, when the administration of Bikaner State was reorganized. Now there are eight tehsils comprising Churu, [[Sidhmukh]], Sadulpur, Ratangarh, Sujangarh, Sardarsahar, Taranagar and Bidasar.

==Economy==
As about eight [[Tehsil]]s lie in Churu district with more than 900 villages along with 248 panchayats and about two million population, the economy of the town and surrounding area is mainly based on animal husbandry and hand embroidery work done by women. Due to the climatic conditions, the scope of agriculture is very low in Churu. Many women here are engaged in hand embroidery.

The main source of income for the people living in rural areas of Churu is from dairy.
Churu has a small market for a few agricultural produce of the area. The town has an Agricultural Produce Market Committee. The [[Food Corporation of India]] has its warehouses in Churu. The town is the main supply point for surrounding villages.

There is no medium or large size industry in the industrial area. The very few small-scale industries are granite slabs and tiles, cutting and polishing, and mustard seed crushing. The city is organized around Kalera Bass surrounding many areas like Chandani Chowk, Adarsh Nagar, Balmiki Basti, Mochiwarah and Subhash Chowk.

== Geography and climate ==
Churu has an average elevation of {{convert|292|m|ft|abbr=on}}. Churu is encircled by large shifting sand dunes. The area is scanty in vegetation. Phoge and Kair bushes and Khejri/Khejra (Prosopis cineraria), Royara and Babul trees are mainly found on the sand dunes. One can find sand dunes all over the area with a couple of small limestone hills.

===Climate===

The region boasts record temperatures ranging from below freezing point in the winters to over 50 degrees in the summer afternoons. Before dawn in the months of December and January one may not be surprised to notice ice in small waterpots or frozen water dews on the little vegetation. Yet one may find that summer nights are cooler and winter days are warmer. There is a great variation in the minimum and the maximum temperature of Churu. Churu's lowest recorded temperature is {{cvt|-4.6|°C}} and highest temperature ever recorded is {{cvt|50.8|°C}} on 1 and 2 June 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/at-50-8-degrees-celsius-churu-records-highest-temperature-in-rajasthan-2046565|title=Rajasthan's Churu Seethes At 50.8 Degrees, Hottest Place In India|access-date=29 December 2020}}</ref> Even in 2020, Churu recorded a maximum of {{cvt|50|°C}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/rajasthans-churu-sizzles-at-50-degrees-celsius-tops-list-of-15-hottest-cities-in-world-2286354.html|title =Rajasthan`s Churu sizzles at 50 degrees Celsius, tops list of 15 hottest cities in world |access-date = 29 December 2020}}</ref> On 30 December 2020, Churu recorded {{cvt|-1.5|°C}}, the coldest in 46 years.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-30|title=‘Colder than Shimla’: Rajasthan’s Churu breaks record of coldest Dec night in 46 years|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/jaipur/colder-than-shimla-rajasthan-s-churu-breaks-record-of-coldest-dec-night-in-46-years/story-V4hyq26PcZ9k2kYN8YrowI.html|access-date=2020-12-31|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

{{Weather box
| location = Churu (1981–2010, extremes 1956–2020)
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| width = auto
| Jan record high C = 33.4
| Feb record high C = 37.4
| Mar record high C = 42.5
| Apr record high C = 46.4
| May record high C = 50.0
| Jun record high C = 50.8
| Jul record high C = 46.6
| Aug record high C = 43.1
| Sep record high C = 44.1
| Oct record high C = 42.6
| Nov record high C = 38.4
| Dec record high C = 33.5
| year record high C =
| Jan avg record high C = 28.7
| Feb avg record high C = 32.7
| Mar avg record high C = 39.0
| Apr avg record high C = 44.1
| May avg record high C = 46.6
| Jun avg record high C = 46.1
| Jul avg record high C = 42.9
| Aug avg record high C = 40.5
| Sep avg record high C = 40.7
| Oct avg record high C = 39.6
| Nov avg record high C = 35.6
| Dec avg record high C = 30.4
| year avg record high C = 47.2
| Jan high C = 23.0
| Feb high C = 26.4
| Mar high C = 32.7
| Apr high C = 39.0
| May high C = 42.2
| Jun high C = 41.6
| Jul high C = 37.9
| Aug high C = 36.8
| Sep high C = 37.2
| Oct high C = 35.8
| Nov high C = 30.9
| Dec high C = 25.2
| year high C = 34.1
| Jan low C = 5.5
| Feb low C = 9.0
| Mar low C = 14.9
| Apr low C = 20.7
| May low C = 26.1
| Jun low C = 28.3
| Jul low C = 27.7
| Aug low C = 26.4
| Sep low C = 24.3
| Oct low C = 18.0
| Nov low C = 11.1
| Dec low C = 6.0
| year low C = 18.2
| Jan avg record low C = 0.5
| Feb avg record low C = 2.9
| Mar avg record low C = 8.8
| Apr avg record low C = 14.5
| May avg record low C = 19.4
| Jun avg record low C = 22.6
| Jul avg record low C = 23.6
| Aug avg record low C = 24.0
| Sep avg record low C = 20.8
| Oct avg record low C = 12.9
| Nov avg record low C = 5.4
| Dec avg record low C = 0.9
| year avg record low C = -0.1
| Jan record low C = -4.6
| Feb record low C = -4.6
| Mar record low C = 1.8
| Apr record low C = 8.8
| May record low C = 11.8
| Jun record low C = 17.7
| Jul record low C = 19.1
| Aug record low C = 19.6
| Sep record low C = 14.0
| Oct record low C = 8.1
| Nov record low C = -1.0
| Dec record low C = -4.6
| year record low C = -4.6
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 7.4
| Feb rain mm = 12.5
| Mar rain mm = 11.2
| Apr rain mm = 6.9
| May rain mm = 25.3
| Jun rain mm = 53.8
| Jul rain mm = 115.3
| Aug rain mm = 99.5
| Sep rain mm = 46.1
| Oct rain mm = 7.1
| Nov rain mm = 2.4
| Dec rain mm = 2.9
| year rain mm =
| Jan rain days = 0.8
| Feb rain days = 1.2
| Mar rain days = 1.0
| Apr rain days = 0.9
| May rain days = 1.9
| Jun rain days = 3.2
| Jul rain days = 6.4
| Aug rain days = 5.7
| Sep rain days = 2.7
| Oct rain days = 0.7
| Nov rain days = 0.2
| Dec rain days = 0.3
| year rain days =
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 37
| Feb humidity = 29
| Mar humidity = 22
| Apr humidity = 16
| May humidity = 19
| Jun humidity = 30
| Jul humidity = 51
| Aug humidity = 55
| Sep humidity = 43
| Oct humidity = 29
| Nov humidity = 34
| Dec humidity = 38
|year humidity =
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Churu Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 377–378
|access-date= 29 December 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M236
|access-date= 29 December 2020}}</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
As per 2001 census of India,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Churu had a population of 97,627.

Males constituted 52% of the population and the remaining females. Churu has an average literacy rate of 62%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; male literacy is 72% and female literacy is 51%. In Churu, 17% of the population is under six years of age. As per the provisional reports of the census of India, the population of Churu in 2011 is 119,846, constituting 61,771 males and 58,075 females respectively.

== Infrastructure ==
{{unreferenced section|date=March 2014}}
'''Transport'''

[[Churu Junction railway station|Churu railway station]] is a junction station on [[Delhi]]-[[Rewari]]-Bikaner route. A train that runs from [[Delhi]] to Bikaner via [[Churu Junction railway station|Churu]]<ref>{{cite web|last1=Running|first1=Status|title=DEE BKN S F EX|url=https://trainsrunningstatus.net/running-status/12457-dee-bkn--s-f-ex|website=Train running status|publisher=Trainsrunningstatus.net|access-date=15 June 2017}}{{Dead link|date=January 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> also connects to [[Jaipur]] via [[Sikar]]. The railway track to [[Jaipur]] was meter gauge and now converted to broad gauge and operational. Churu lies on [[National Highway 52 (India)|NH 52]] and is connected to all major cities ([[Kaithal]]) by all-weather roads.

'''Electricity'''

There is one sub-grid station of 220 KV at Churu. The town receives power from [[Power Grid Corporation of India]]'s grid station in [[Hisar, India|Hissar]], [[Haryana]]. Almost all villages of the Churu sub division are electrified.

'''Water'''

The town gets drinking water from local wells which is hard and brackish. The town area drinking water supply is managed by the water department of the [[Government of Rajasthan]]. The government is trying to get drinking water for the area from [[Indira Gandhi Canal]]. The main source of irrigation for farmers continues to be rain water and wells at a few places.

[[Safe Water Network]] India in association with Bhoruka Charitable Trust has augmented natural water storage at homes through Rooftop Rain Water Harvesting by creating household wells and has also refurbished existing community wells to provide water to families living in huts and children in schools. This initiative has reduced the drudgery of women and the children in this water-challenged region of Rajasthan.

'''Education'''
The town has two post-graduate colleges: Lohia College which is affiliated to [[University of Bikaner]] and Balika Mahavidalya and Government Law College, affiliated to [[Maharaja Ganga Singh University]]. There are several higher secondary, secondary and primary schools in Churu.

Major schools of Churu are: Kendriya Vidyalaya, Lords International School, Little Flower School, Shri Jain Swetambar Terapanthi Sen. Sec. School, The Walden Pond Sr. Sec. School, [[Lakshmipat Singhania Academy]], Adarsh Vidya Mandir, Montessori School, Goenka School and Bagla Senior Secondary School which is the oldest school of Shekhawati region established by [[Bhagwandas Bagla]].

'''NGOs'''
There are few [[NGO]]s in the town, including Navyuvak Mandal Mithi Redu, Manav Pragati Sansthan, Prayas Sansthan, Marudhar Yuva Sansthan, Dudhwa Mitha.

'''Telecommunications'''
Many telecommunications service companies such as [[Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited|BSNL]], [[Vodafone]], [[Bharti Airtel|Airtel]], [[Tata DoCoMo]] and [[Idea Cellular|Idea]] have their network in Churu. Internet and fax services are also available. [[Tata Teleservices]] caters the rural telephony in the villages having base of 70,000 users in villages.

'''Hospitals'''
Churu has good medical facilities with Medical collage. The town has a government hospital along with few private hospitals like the Hirawat Heart Care Centre and Bhanu Hospital. There is also an Ayurvedic hospital in Churu.

'''Sports'''
The town has a sports stadium. It has indoor and outdoor games facilities. It has the infrastructure to hold yearly state-level tournaments. Adventure sports like Parasailing, Paramotoring, Rappelling are also organized in Churu.

'''Banking'''
Many nationalised banks [[Central Bank of India]], [[Punjab National Bank]], [[Bank of Baroda]], [[State Bank of India]], [[ICICI Bank]], [[Axis Bank]] and [[HDFC Bank]] have branches in Churu. Some co-operative banks like Churu Central Cooperative Bank and Bhumi Vikas Bank also have branches in the town.

'''Library'''
The town has a public library called Shri Sagar Jain Jila Pustkalaya.

== Administration ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2011}}
Churu constituency elects one member to the Vidhan Sabha (Rajasthan State Assembly) & one to [[Lok Sabha]] (Indian Parliament)

== Notable people ==
*[[Lakshmi Mittal|Laxmi niwas Mittal]], Chairman & CEO of [[ArcelorMittal]]. Born in [[Sadulpur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sadulpur]] Town [[Churu district|Churu District]].
*[[Mohar Singh Rathore]], social reformer and MLA & MP of Churu.
* [[Bharat Vyas]], Indian lyricist who wrote the songs for Hindi films in 1950s and 1960s
* [[Kishan Singh Rathore]], one of the first recipients of the Mahavir Chakra.
* [[Bhanwarlal Sharma]], member of Legislative Assembly.
* [[Vinay Maloo]], founder and chairman of [[Enso Group]]
* [[Rajendra Singh Rathore|Rajendra Rathore]], MLA from [[Churu (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Churu constituency]] and Rural Development Minister in [[Government of Rajasthan]].
* [[Subhash Chandra Lakhotia]]

==See also==
*[[Churu District]]
*[[Churu (Lok Sabha Constituency)]]
*[[Salasar Balaji]]
*[[Ramgarh, Sikar]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://churu.rajasthan.gov.in/}}

{{Churu district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Churu district]]
[[Category:Shekhawati]]
[[Category:Thar Desert]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1620]]
[[Category:1620 establishments in India]]

Churu, Rajasthan - Revision history

2401:4900:5462:D9A8:F7F:40E6:8DFF:1A04 at 16:32, 3 July 2021