Church of God (Anderson, Indiana) - Revision history

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	\| caption = Church of God (Anderson, IN) logo		\| caption = Church of God (Anderson, IN) logo
	\| main_classification = [[Protestant]]		\| main_classification = [[Protestant]]
	\| orientation = [[Holiness movement]]		\| orientation = [[Holiness movement]]<br />[[Restorationist]]
	\| polity = [[Congregational polity\|Congregational]]		\| polity = [[Congregational polity\|Congregational]]
	\| founder = [[Daniel Sidney Warner]] and several others		\| founder = [[Daniel Sidney Warner]] and several others
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	\| associations = [[Christian Churches Together]]<br>[[Christian Holiness Partnership]]<br>[[Wesleyan Holiness Consortium]]<br>[[Global Wesleyan Alliance]]<br>[[National Association of Evangelicals]]		\| associations = [[Christian Churches Together]]<br>[[Christian Holiness Partnership]]<br>[[Wesleyan Holiness Consortium]]<br>[[Global Wesleyan Alliance]]<br>[[National Association of Evangelicals]]
	\| area = 89 countries in [[North America]], [[Europe]], [[Africa]], [[Asia]]		\| area = 89 countries in [[North America]], [[Europe]], [[Africa]], [[Asia]]
	\| congregations = 7,800		\| congregations = 7,800 (2020)
	\| members = 887,000		\| members = 887,000 (2020)
	\| footnotes =		\| footnotes =
	\| website = {{URL\|jesusisthesubject.org}}		\| website = {{URL\|jesusisthesubject.org}}
	}}		}}

	The '''Church of God (Anderson, Indiana)''' is an international [[Holiness movement\|holiness]] [[Christian denomination]] with roots in [[Wesleyan theology\|Wesleyan-Arminianism]] and also in the [[Restorationism (Christian primitivism)\|restorationist]] traditions.<ref>{{cite web \| url = http://www.elcristianismoprimitivo.com/Church_of_God_Restoration.pdf \| title = An Inside Look at the Church of God }}</ref> The organization grew out of the evangelistic efforts of several Holiness evangelists in Indiana and Michigan in the early 1880s, most notably [[Daniel Sidney Warner]].		The '''Church of God (Anderson, Indiana)''', also called the '''Church of God Ministries''', is an international [[Holiness movement\|holiness]] [[Christian denomination]] with roots in [[Wesleyan theology\|Wesleyan-Arminianism]] and also in the [[Restorationism (Christian primitivism)\|restorationist]] traditions.<ref>{{cite web \| url = http://www.elcristianismoprimitivo.com/Church_of_God_Restoration.pdf \| title = An Inside Look at the Church of God }}</ref> The organization grew out of the evangelistic efforts of several Holiness evangelists in Indiana and Michigan in the early 1880s, most notably [[Daniel Sidney Warner]].

	One of its more distinctive features is that there is no formal membership, since the movement believes that true salvation through Jesus Christ, the son of God, makes one a member. Similarly, there is no formal creed other than the Bible. Accordingly, there is much official room for diversity and theological dialogue, even though the movement's culture is strongly rooted in Wesleyan holiness theology.		One of its more distinctive features is that there is no formal membership, since the movement believes that true salvation through Jesus Christ, the son of God, makes one a member. Similarly, there is no formal creed other than the Bible. Accordingly, there is much official room for diversity and theological dialogue, even though the movement's culture is strongly rooted in Wesleyan holiness theology.

	~~This Wesleyan-Holiness church movement~~ is not historically related to other Church of God bodies such as the [[Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee)]] or the [[Church of God (Charleston, Tennessee)]]~~. Though these bodies are also holiness Christian in outlook,~~ the Church of God (Anderson) does not share the [[Pentecostal]] practices of the latter two denominations. Although not part of the organization's formal name, "Anderson, Indiana" is usually appended to its name to distinguish it from these other groups.		The Church of God (Anderson, Indiana) is related to its conservative holiness [[Church of God (Guthrie, Oklahoma)]] offshoot, though it is not historically related to other Church of God bodies such as the [[Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee)]] or the [[Church of God (Charleston, Tennessee)]] as the Church of God (Anderson) does not share the [[Pentecostal]] practices of the latter two denominations. Although not part of the organization's formal name, "Anderson, Indiana" is usually appended to its name to distinguish it from these other groups.

	==History==		==History==
			[[File:Birth of a reformation; or, The life and labors of Daniel S. Warner (1921) (14778414814).jpg\|thumb\|Gospel Trumpet publishing office & plant in 1921\|367x367px]]
	The history of the Church of God (Anderson) begins in 1881 with [[Daniel Sidney Warner]] and several others.<ref name="chog1">{{cite web \| url = http://churchofgod.chog.org/ME2/Audiences/dirsect.asp?sid=D6384FB8CD884976BB7825A9F1B49078&nm=Our+History \| title = History of the Church of God \| access-date = 2004-12-10 \| archive-date = 2006-06-17 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060617004941/http://churchofgod.chog.org/ME2/Audiences/dirsect.asp?sid=D6384FB8CD884976BB7825A9F1B49078&nm=Our+History \| url-status = dead }}</ref> Warner had been a member of [[John Winebrenner]]'s [[Churches of God General Conference (Winebrenner)\|General Eldership of the Church of God]], whose members were called Winebrennerians. He differed with the Winebrennerians on the doctrine of [[sanctification]],<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.dswarnerlibrary.com/Warner%20Entire%20Sanctification.docx \|title=Sanctification \|format=[[DOCX]] \|url-status=dead \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071021094754/http://www.dswarnerlibrary.com/Warner%20Entire%20Sanctification.docx \|archivedate=October 21, 2007 }}</ref> which he held to be a [[Christian perfection\|second definite work of grace]], and on the nature of the church. The desire of Warner and the others was to forsake denominationalism and [[creed]]s. To this end, they determined to trust in the [[Holy Spirit]] as their guide and the Bible as their creed. Warner's vision was that the Church of God would "extend our hand in fellowship to every blood-washed one", rather than align themselves with a movement.		The history of the Church of God (Anderson) begins in 1881 with [[Daniel Sidney Warner]] and several others.<ref name="chog1">{{cite web \| url = http://churchofgod.chog.org/ME2/Audiences/dirsect.asp?sid=D6384FB8CD884976BB7825A9F1B49078&nm=Our+History \| title = History of the Church of God \| access-date = 2004-12-10 \| archive-date = 2006-06-17 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060617004941/http://churchofgod.chog.org/ME2/Audiences/dirsect.asp?sid=D6384FB8CD884976BB7825A9F1B49078&nm=Our+History \| url-status = dead }}</ref> Warner had been a member of [[John Winebrenner]]'s [[Churches of God General Conference (Winebrenner)\|General Eldership of the Church of God]], whose members were called Winebrennerians. He differed with the Winebrennerians on the doctrine of [[sanctification]],<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.dswarnerlibrary.com/Warner%20Entire%20Sanctification.docx \|title=Sanctification \|format=[[DOCX]] \|url-status=dead \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071021094754/http://www.dswarnerlibrary.com/Warner%20Entire%20Sanctification.docx \|archivedate=October 21, 2007 }}</ref> which he held to be a [[Christian perfection\|second definite work of grace]], and on the nature of the church. The desire of Warner and the others was to forsake denominationalism and [[creed]]s. To this end, they determined to trust in the [[Holy Spirit]] as their guide and the Bible as their creed. Warner's vision was that the Church of God would "extend our hand in fellowship to every blood-washed one", rather than align themselves with a movement.

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	==Statistics==		==Statistics==
	According to a census of the ~~denomination,~~ in 2020, it had 7,800 churches, 887,000 members in 89 countries.<ref>Church of God, [https://www.jesusisthesubject.org/our-history/ Our History], jesusisthesubject.org, USA, retrieved May 9, 2020</ref>		According to a census published by the association in 2020, it had 7,800 churches, 887,000 members in 89 countries.<ref>Church of God, [https://www.jesusisthesubject.org/our-history/ Our History], jesusisthesubject.org, USA, retrieved May 9, 2020</ref> In 2010, it was reported that the Church of God (Anderson) had 225,753 members in the United States in 2,125 churches.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=US Religion Census - 2010 \|url=https://www.usreligioncensus.org/report1.php?year=2010}}</ref>

	==Beliefs==		==Beliefs==
	{{CoGAnderson}}		{{CoGAnderson}}
	~~The~~ denomination has [[holiness movement]] beliefs <ref name="beliefs">Church of God, [https://www.jesusisthesubject.org/our-beliefs/ Our beliefs], jesusisthesubject.org, USA, retrieved August 27, 2021</ref> and is a member of the [[Global Wesleyan Alliance]]<ref> Global Wesleyan Alliance, [https://www.wesleyanalliance.com/about-us About Us], wesleyanalliance.com, USA, retrieved August 27, 2021</ref> and the National Association of Evangelicals<ref>{{Citation \|title=National Association of Evangelicals \|date=2022-10-18 \|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.~~php?title=National_Association_of_Evangelicals&oldid=1116748623 \|work=Wikipedia \|language=en \|access-date=2022-10-24}}</ref>~~		In connection to its beginnings, the denomination has [[holiness movement\|holiness]] beliefs.<ref name="beliefs">Church of God, [https://www.jesusisthesubject.org/our-beliefs/ Our beliefs], jesusisthesubject.org, USA, retrieved August 27, 2021</ref>

			While the church keeps congregant statistics for organizational reasons, it does not have official membership. It holds that all "blood washed ones" (Christians) are part of the church and that attending services is enough to count someone as a member of a congregation.

	The church observes [[baptism]] by [[Immersion baptism\|total immersion]],<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.dswarnerlibrary.com/The%20ordinances%20of%20the%20Bible%20Schell.doc \|title=The ordinances of the Bible \|format=[[MS Word]] \|url-status=dead \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007075811/http://www.dswarnerlibrary.com/The%20ordinances%20of%20the%20Bible%20Schell.doc \|archivedate=October 7, 2007 }}</ref> [[Eucharist\|the Lord's Supper]] (commonly known as communion), and [[feet washing]] as symbolic acts, recognizing them as the [[Ordinance (Christian)\|ordinances]] of God.		The church observes [[baptism]] by [[Immersion baptism\|total immersion]],<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.dswarnerlibrary.com/The%20ordinances%20of%20the%20Bible%20Schell.doc \|title=The ordinances of the Bible \|format=[[MS Word]] \|url-status=dead \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007075811/http://www.dswarnerlibrary.com/The%20ordinances%20of%20the%20Bible%20Schell.doc \|archivedate=October 7, 2007 }}</ref> [[Eucharist\|the Lord's Supper]] (commonly known as communion), and [[feet washing]] as symbolic acts, recognizing them as the [[Ordinance (Christian)\|ordinances]] of God.

			While the church does not believe in official creeds, the Anderson School of Theology has released several pamphlets available online which outline their interpretation of the Bible on multiple points<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Official Website - Our Beliefs \|url=https://www.jesusisthesubject.org/our-beliefs/}}</ref> such as [[Eschatology]], which is [[Amillennialism\|Amillennial]].<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Jesusisthesubject.com - Return of Christ \|url=https://www.jesusisthesubject.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/06ReturnOfChrist.pdf}}</ref> Congregants are generally not bound to these statements which are framed as being suggestive.

	==Organization==		==Organization==
	[[Ecclesiastical polity\|Church polity]] is autonomous and [[Congregationalist polity\|congregational]], with various state and regional assemblies offering some basic support for pastors and congregations. In North America, cooperative work is coordinated through Church of God Ministries with offices in [[Anderson, Indiana]]. Currently, the general director is ~~Jim Lyon~~.		[[Ecclesiastical polity\|Church polity]] is autonomous and [[Congregationalist polity\|congregational]], with various state and regional assemblies offering some basic support for pastors and congregations. In North America, cooperative work is coordinated through Church of God Ministries with offices in [[Anderson, Indiana]]. Currently, the interim general director is Monté Dillard.

	There are 2,214 congregations in the United States and [[Canada]] which are affiliated with the Church of God with an average attendance of 251,429.<ref>2009 Yearbook of the Church of God, p. 353.</ref> Worldwide, adherents number more than 1,170,143 in 7,446 congregations spread over nearly ninety countries. In [[Jamaica]], Church of God is the [[Religion in Jamaica\|~~first~~ denomination]] with 24% of the population and 111 congregations. Personal conversion and Christian conduct, coupled with attendance, are sufficient for participation in a local Church of God congregation.		There are 2,214 congregations in the United States and [[Canada]] which are affiliated with the Church of God with an average attendance of 251,429.<ref>2009 Yearbook of the Church of God, p. 353.</ref> Worldwide, adherents number more than 1,170,143 in 7,446 congregations spread over nearly ninety countries. In [[Jamaica]], Church of God is the [[Religion in Jamaica\|largest denomination]] with 24% of the population and 111 congregations. Personal conversion and Christian conduct, coupled with attendance, are sufficient for participation in a local Church of God congregation.

	In the United Kingdom, there are 2 congregations: Church of God, Egan Road (Birkenhead, Merseyside) under the leadership of Pastor Zach Langford and Community Church of God (Tottenham, London) under the leadership of Pastor Mickell Mascall.		In the United Kingdom, there are 2 congregations: Church of God, Egan Road (Birkenhead, Merseyside) under the leadership of Pastor Zach Langford and Community Church of God (Tottenham, London) under the leadership of Pastor Mickell Mascall.


			And in Asia especially in India The Church of God has two divisions The Church of God in South India as well as The Church of God in North East having 1721 churches and near about 67,931 believers including it's new congregation started at Thodupuzha, Kerala in India practices the same doctrine and it's name is Emmanuel Church of God.

	In East Africa Bunyore is home to the national headquarters of the Church of God in Kenya, Bunyore Girls’ High School and Kima School of Theology all of which are located at Kima. A significant town in Bunyore is Luanda, Kenya located on the Kisumu-Busia Highway. Maseno University, in the neighboring Maseno town is less than 6 miles from Kima which was under Archbishop Rev Dr. Byrum A. Makokha until his death on 25/08/2020.		In East Africa Bunyore is home to the national headquarters of the Church of God in Kenya, Bunyore Girls’ High School and Kima School of Theology all of which are located at Kima. A significant town in Bunyore is Luanda, Kenya located on the Kisumu-Busia Highway. Maseno University, in the neighboring Maseno town is less than 6 miles from Kima which was under Archbishop Rev Dr. Byrum A. Makokha until his death on 25/08/2020.

	==Affiliated schools==		==Affiliated schools==
	The church's [[seminary]] is [[Anderson School of Theology]] in Anderson, Indiana. It is also affiliated with several colleges across North America, including [[Anderson University (Indiana)\|Anderson University]], [[Mid-America Christian University]], [[Warner Pacific University]], [[Warner University]] and [[West Indies Theological College]] as well as Kima International School of Theology (KIST) in Maseno, Kenya, and IBAO (Institut Biblique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest) in Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire.		The church's [[seminary]] is [[Anderson School of Theology]] in Anderson, Indiana. It is also affiliated with several colleges across North America, including [[Anderson University (Indiana)\|Anderson University]], [[Mid-America Christian University]], [[Warner Pacific University]], [[Warner University]] and [[West Indies Theological College]] as well as Kima International School of Theology (KIST) in Maseno, Kenya, and IBAO (Institut Biblique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest) in Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire and Horeb Institute of Theology Idukki, Kerala India.

	The church also supports Triple C School, a primary and secondary school located in Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands.		The church also supports Triple C School, a primary and secondary school located in Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands.
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	* [http://www.warnerpress.org Official website of Warner Press, publishing house for the Church of God (Anderson, Indiana)]		* [http://www.warnerpress.org Official website of Warner Press, publishing house for the Church of God (Anderson, Indiana)]

			{{Evangelicalism in the United States}}
	{{National Association of Evangelicals}}		{{National Association of Evangelicals}}
	{{authority control}}		{{authority control}}
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	[[Category:Christian denominations established in the 19th century]]		[[Category:Christian denominations established in the 19th century]]
	[[Category:1881 establishments in Indiana]]		[[Category:1881 establishments in Indiana]]

			*
			[https://www.cogindia.org official Website of the Church of God Ministries in South India, it's Bible College and educational institutions]

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{{Short description|Christian movement}}
{{Infobox Christian denomination
| name = Church of God
| image = Church_of_God_(Anderson)_logo.jpg
| imagewidth = 150px
| caption = Church of God (Anderson, IN) logo
| main_classification = [[Protestant]]
| orientation = [[Holiness movement]]
| polity = [[Congregational polity|Congregational]]
| founder = [[Daniel Sidney Warner]] and several others
| founded_date = 1881
| founded_place =
| separated_from =
| branched_from = [[Churches of God General Conference (Winebrenner)|General Eldership of the Church of God]]
| merger =
| separations = [[Church of God (Guthrie, Oklahoma)]] [[Church of God (Restoration)]]
| associations = [[Christian Churches Together]] [[Christian Holiness Partnership]] [[Wesleyan Holiness Consortium]] [[Global Wesleyan Alliance]] [[National Association of Evangelicals]]
| area = 89 countries in [[North America]], [[Europe]], [[Africa]], [[Asia]]
| congregations = 7,800
| members = 887,000
| footnotes =
| website = {{URL|jesusisthesubject.org}}
}}

The '''Church of God (Anderson, Indiana)''' is an international [[Holiness movement|holiness]] [[Christian denomination]] with roots in [[Wesleyan theology|Wesleyan-Arminianism]] and also in the [[Restorationism (Christian primitivism)|restorationist]] traditions.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.elcristianismoprimitivo.com/Church_of_God_Restoration.pdf | title = An Inside Look at the Church of God }}</ref> The organization grew out of the evangelistic efforts of several Holiness evangelists in Indiana and Michigan in the early 1880s, most notably [[Daniel Sidney Warner]].

One of its more distinctive features is that there is no formal membership, since the movement believes that true salvation through Jesus Christ, the son of God, makes one a member. Similarly, there is no formal creed other than the Bible. Accordingly, there is much official room for diversity and theological dialogue, even though the movement's culture is strongly rooted in Wesleyan holiness theology.

This Wesleyan-Holiness church movement is not historically related to other Church of God bodies such as the [[Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee)]] or the [[Church of God (Charleston, Tennessee)]]. Though these bodies are also holiness Christian in outlook, the Church of God (Anderson) does not share the [[Pentecostal]] practices of the latter two denominations. Although not part of the organization's formal name, "Anderson, Indiana" is usually appended to its name to distinguish it from these other groups.

==History==
The history of the Church of God (Anderson) begins in 1881 with [[Daniel Sidney Warner]] and several others.<ref name="chog1">{{cite web | url = http://churchofgod.chog.org/ME2/Audiences/dirsect.asp?sid=D6384FB8CD884976BB7825A9F1B49078&nm=Our+History | title = History of the Church of God | access-date = 2004-12-10 | archive-date = 2006-06-17 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060617004941/http://churchofgod.chog.org/ME2/Audiences/dirsect.asp?sid=D6384FB8CD884976BB7825A9F1B49078&nm=Our+History | url-status = dead }}</ref> Warner had been a member of [[John Winebrenner]]'s [[Churches of God General Conference (Winebrenner)|General Eldership of the Church of God]], whose members were called Winebrennerians. He differed with the Winebrennerians on the doctrine of [[sanctification]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dswarnerlibrary.com/Warner%20Entire%20Sanctification.docx |title=Sanctification |format=[[DOCX]] |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071021094754/http://www.dswarnerlibrary.com/Warner%20Entire%20Sanctification.docx |archivedate=October 21, 2007 }}</ref> which he held to be a [[Christian perfection|second definite work of grace]], and on the nature of the church. The desire of Warner and the others was to forsake denominationalism and [[creed]]s. To this end, they determined to trust in the [[Holy Spirit]] as their guide and the Bible as their creed. Warner's vision was that the Church of God would "extend our hand in fellowship to every blood-washed one", rather than align themselves with a movement.

From its beginnings, the Church of God had a commitment to [[pacifism]] and [[antiracism]].<ref name="Alexander2011">{{cite book |last1=Alexander |first1=Estrelda Y. |title=Black Fire: One Hundred Years of African American Pentecostalism |date=3 May 2011 |publisher=InterVarsity Press |isbn=978-0-8308-2586-8 |page=82 |language=English}}</ref> The Church of God held that "interracial worship was a sign of the true Church", with both whites and blacks ministering regularly in Church of God congregations, which invited people of all races to worship there.<ref name="Alexander2011"/> Those who were [[second work of grace|entirely sanctified]] testified that they were "saved, sanctified, and prejudice removed."<ref name="Alexander2011"/> When Church of God ministers, such as Lena Shoffner, visited the [[camp meeting]]s of other denominations, the rope in the congregation that separated whites and blacks was untied "and worshipers of both races approached the altar to pray".<ref name="Alexander2011"/> Though outsiders would sometimes attack Church of God services and camp meetings for their stand for racial equality, Church of God members were "undeterred even by violence" and "maintained their strong interracial position as the core of their message of the unity of all believers".<ref name="Alexander2011"/> In the late 19th century, the Church of God used their journal, the ''Gospel Trumpet'', to disseminate pacifist view. In April 1898, the ''Gospel Trumpet'' responded to a question about the Church of God's stance on a Christian going to war. The answer printed was "We answer no. Emphatically no. There is no place in the New Testament wherein Christ gave instruction to his followers to take the life of a fellow-man".<ref>"Should We Go to War?" ''Gospel Trumpet'', April 14, 1898, p. 4.</ref> As time went on the Church of God maintained their stance on pacifism, but as [[World War I]] was erupting across [[Europe]], the church's stance began to soften. When German Church of God congregants were drafted into the army, the ''Gospel Trumpet'' began running letters submitted about the conditions of training camps and on the battlefields. While encouraging their readers to pray for the German soldiers, the ''Gospel Trumpet'' made no reference to the apparent contrast between supporting the war effort and encouraging pacifism.<ref>See Merle D. Strege “The Demise [?] of a Peace Church: The Church of God (Anderson), Pacifism and Civil Religion, The Mennonite Quarterly Review, Vol. LXV April 1991, No. 2 pgs. 128-140.</ref>

As the [[United States]] entered World War I, the ''Gospel Trumpet'' restated the church's official stance of pacifism but also reminded their congregants that they supported the authority of the [[Sovereign state|state]] and should comply with local laws concerning the [[Conscription|draft]]. There were articles published to help a pacifist request non-combat duty if they were drafted. For those who decided to volunteer, the church reported that the volunteer would not lose their salvation but would have to answer to God concerning their actions during the war. Strege writes that as the war waged on, "there occurs in print no condemnation of those who entered the army—whether German or American—and there is no questioning of their religious commitment".<ref>Strege p. 137</ref>

The Church of God pacifist stance reached a high point in the late 1930s. The Church regarded World War II as a just war because America was attacked. Sentiment against Communism (which advocated for [[state atheism]] in the [[Eastern Bloc]]) has since kept strong pacifism from developing in the Church of God.<ref>Mitchell K. Hall, "A Withdrawal from Peace: The Historical Response to War of the Church of God (Anderson, Indiana)," ''Journal of Church and State'' (1985) 27#2 pp 301-314</ref>

===Developments in holiness standards===
The Church of God continues to see itself as a direct outgrowth of the original teachings of D.S. Warner's ministry that began the movement in the 1880s. Warner believed that every group of organized churches who had an earthly headquarters and an earthly creed, other than the Bible, was a part of [[Babylon]]. He and his later followers taught that God had restored the light of Christian unity in 1880. The Evening Light ministry became known as "[[come outer]]s" because they traveled from town to town preaching that all of the saved needed to "come out of Babylon" and worship together in one place rather than being separated by creeds, dogmas and doctrines of men. The Reformation Ministry (another name for their ministry) believed that false Christianity was the [[Whore of Babylon|harlot woman]] in the [[book of Revelation]]. The ministry further believed that the harlot woman was a symbol of [[Roman Catholicism]] and that her daughters were a symbol of [[Protestantism]].

As an example of their emphasis on the nature of the true Church, the slogan of the Church of God paper, "One Voice", almost became "On Becoming the Church". The Evening Light Ministry of 1880-1915 believed that they taught the whole truth of Scripture and that they were setting the example for the true Church. In the process, they had placed a strong emphasis on what was seen as "holiness living." This led to a sense that certain cultural practices then common in late nineteenth and early twentieth America were out of bounds for the "sanctified Christian." Adherents saw it as non-conformity to the world, that is, that Christ had called them out of the "worldliness" around them, both internally and externally.<ref>John W. V. Smith. ''The Quest for Holiness and Unity: A Centennial History of the Church of God.'' (Warner Press: Anderson, IN, 1980) p. 194</ref>

Some re-thinking began in 1912 when men were permitted to wear long neck ties. By the 1950s, the movement no longer forcefully taught against the immodesty of [[mixed bathing]] (swimming) among the sexes or the addition of a television to the home. These twentieth century changes focused on the idea that the internal transformations of holiness deserved far more emphasis than debates over its proper outward manifestation, such as styles of dress and some forms of worship. In his 1978 work for the Church, ''Receive the Holy Spirit'', Arlo Newell addressed his view of the nature of holiness for Christian living, emphasizing its internal requirements. Expressing the still dominant view in the Church of God, Newell stated that "holiness centers in completeness. Christ was and is the perfect sacrifice, none other need ever be made. Every believer in Christ has entered into the 'everlasting covenant,' and the extent of the work of redemption is limitless."<ref>Receive the Holy Spirit. (Warner Press: Anderson, IN, 1978) p. 31</ref> Emphasizing the point, Newell went on to give a definition of the man who is holy. He noted that "the holy man is the whole man, integrated, harmonized within by his supreme, inclusive purpose to realize in himself and others the moral image of God revealed in Christ, God incarnate."<ref>Receive the Holy Spirit. (Warner Press: Anderson, IN, 1978) p. 32-33</ref>

Thus, as the movement increasingly de-emphasized the importance of external manifestations of "[[outward holiness|holy living]]," teaching against the following list of practices, while still valued by some, is no longer emphasized by the Church of God:
* against outward adornment: wedding rings, ear rings, lipstick on women, or following "worldly fashions" (there is still an emphasis by some on "modesty", i.e. non-ostentatiousness in such things)
* women should always refrain from wearing clothing that pertains to men, e.g. pants
* women should not cut their hair but instead grow it long and men should keep their hair short
* ministers should not receive a set salary

The [[Church of God (Guthrie, Oklahoma)]], a body in the [[conservative holiness movement]], was created in the 1910s as a result of [[schism]] with the Church of God (Anderson, Indiana) over wanting to maintain traditional standards of [[outward holiness]].<ref name="Thornton2008">{{cite book | last1=Thornton | first1=Wallace Jr. |title=Behavioral Standards, Embourgeoisement, and the Formation of the Conservative Holiness Movement |date=2008 |publisher=Wesleyan Theological Society |page=177 |language=English |quote=The CHM thus resulted from the desire of mid-century holiness conservatives to perpetuate the radical cause which dominated the movement at the beginning of the century. ... The first significant conservative “comeouter” group was the Church of God (Guthrie, OK), which pulled radical constituents from the Church of God (Anderson) in the early 1910s.}}</ref><ref name="Melton1987">{{cite book |last1=Melton |first1=J. Gordon |title=The Encyclopedia of American Religions |date=1987 |publisher=Gale Research Company |isbn=978-0-8103-2133-5 |page=287 |language=English |quote=In doctrine and practice the Church of God (Guthrie, Oklahoma) is almost identical with the Church of God (Anderson, Indiana), but it is stricter in its practice of holiness and refusal to compromise with the world.}}</ref>

==Statistics==
According to a census of the denomination, in 2020, it had 7,800 churches, 887,000 members in 89 countries.<ref>Church of God, [https://www.jesusisthesubject.org/our-history/ Our History], jesusisthesubject.org, USA, retrieved May 9, 2020</ref>

==Beliefs==
{{CoGAnderson}}
The denomination has [[holiness movement]] beliefs <ref name="beliefs">Church of God, [https://www.jesusisthesubject.org/our-beliefs/ Our beliefs], jesusisthesubject.org, USA, retrieved August 27, 2021</ref> and is a member of the [[Global Wesleyan Alliance]]<ref> Global Wesleyan Alliance, [https://www.wesleyanalliance.com/about-us About Us], wesleyanalliance.com, USA, retrieved August 27, 2021</ref> and the National Association of Evangelicals<ref>{{Citation |title=National Association of Evangelicals |date=2022-10-18 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_Evangelicals&oldid=1116748623 |work=Wikipedia |language=en |access-date=2022-10-24}}</ref>

The church observes [[baptism]] by [[Immersion baptism|total immersion]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dswarnerlibrary.com/The%20ordinances%20of%20the%20Bible%20Schell.doc |title=The ordinances of the Bible |format=[[MS Word]] |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007075811/http://www.dswarnerlibrary.com/The%20ordinances%20of%20the%20Bible%20Schell.doc |archivedate=October 7, 2007 }}</ref> [[Eucharist|the Lord's Supper]] (commonly known as communion), and [[feet washing]] as symbolic acts, recognizing them as the [[Ordinance (Christian)|ordinances]] of God.

==Organization==
[[Ecclesiastical polity|Church polity]] is autonomous and [[Congregationalist polity|congregational]], with various state and regional assemblies offering some basic support for pastors and congregations. In North America, cooperative work is coordinated through Church of God Ministries with offices in [[Anderson, Indiana]]. Currently, the general director is Jim Lyon.

There are 2,214 congregations in the United States and [[Canada]] which are affiliated with the Church of God with an average attendance of 251,429.<ref>2009 Yearbook of the Church of God, p. 353.</ref> Worldwide, adherents number more than 1,170,143 in 7,446 congregations spread over nearly ninety countries. In [[Jamaica]], Church of God is the [[Religion in Jamaica|first denomination]] with 24% of the population and 111 congregations. Personal conversion and Christian conduct, coupled with attendance, are sufficient for participation in a local Church of God congregation.

In the United Kingdom, there are 2 congregations: Church of God, Egan Road (Birkenhead, Merseyside) under the leadership of Pastor Zach Langford and Community Church of God (Tottenham, London) under the leadership of Pastor Mickell Mascall.

In East Africa Bunyore is home to the national headquarters of the Church of God in Kenya, Bunyore Girls’ High School and Kima School of Theology all of which are located at Kima. A significant town in Bunyore is Luanda, Kenya located on the Kisumu-Busia Highway. Maseno University, in the neighboring Maseno town is less than 6 miles from Kima which was under Archbishop Rev Dr. Byrum A. Makokha until his death on 25/08/2020.

==Affiliated schools==
The church's [[seminary]] is [[Anderson School of Theology]] in Anderson, Indiana. It is also affiliated with several colleges across North America, including [[Anderson University (Indiana)|Anderson University]], [[Mid-America Christian University]], [[Warner Pacific University]], [[Warner University]] and [[West Indies Theological College]] as well as Kima International School of Theology (KIST) in Maseno, Kenya, and IBAO (Institut Biblique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest) in Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire.

The church also supports Triple C School, a primary and secondary school located in Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.jesusisthesubject.org Official website of the Church of God (Anderson, Indiana) in North America]
* [http://www.warnerpress.org Official website of Warner Press, publishing house for the Church of God (Anderson, Indiana)]

{{National Association of Evangelicals}}
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[[Category:Church of God (Anderson, Indiana)| ]]
[[Category:Religious organizations established in 1881]]
[[Category:Christian denominations established in the 19th century]]
[[Category:1881 establishments in Indiana]]