Chudamani Vihara - Revision history

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			{{Short description\|Buddhist monastery in Tamil Nadu, India}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2020}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2020}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=July 2020}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=July 2020}}
	'''Chudamani Vihara''' was a [[Buddhism\|Buddhist]] [[vihara]] (monastery) in [[Nagapattinam]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. Chudamani Vihara was constructed in 1006 CE<ref name=autogenerated1>{{Cite web \|url=http://www.buddhistnews.tv/current/tamil-nadu-100704.php \|title=buddhist teachings hindu meditation tibetan at buddhistnews.tv<!-- Bot generated title --> \|access-date=21 June 2006 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009222827/http://www.buddhistnews.tv/current/tamil-nadu-100704.php \|archive-date=9 October 2014 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> by the [[Srivijaya]]n king Sri Vijaya [[Maravijayattungavarman]] with the patronage of [[Rajaraja Chola I~~\|Rajaraja Chola~~]].<ref>Keay, John, India: A History, pp 222-223</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.nio.org/past_events/archaeology/sridhar.pdf \|title=Archived copy \|access-date=2006-10-16 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208135309/http://www.nio.org/past_events/archaeology/sridhar.pdf \|archive-date=2007-02-08 }}</ref> The vihara building survived in dilapidated condition. Since 1856, about 350 Buddha bronzes have been found at Nagapattinam, dating from the 11th to the 16th century.<ref name=autogenerated1 />		'''Chudamani Vihara''' was a [[Buddhism\|Buddhist]] [[vihara]] (monastery) in [[Nagapattinam]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. Chudamani Vihara was constructed in 1006 CE<ref name=autogenerated1>{{Cite web \|url=http://www.buddhistnews.tv/current/tamil-nadu-100704.php \|title=buddhist teachings hindu meditation tibetan at buddhistnews.tv<!-- Bot generated title --> \|access-date=21 June 2006 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009222827/http://www.buddhistnews.tv/current/tamil-nadu-100704.php \|archive-date=9 October 2014 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> by the [[Srivijaya]]n king Sri Vijaya [[Maravijayattungavarman]] with the patronage of [[Rajaraja Chola I]].<ref>Keay, John, India: A History, pp 222-223</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.nio.org/past_events/archaeology/sridhar.pdf \|title=Archived copy \|access-date=2006-10-16 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208135309/http://www.nio.org/past_events/archaeology/sridhar.pdf \|archive-date=2007-02-08 }}</ref> The vihara building survived in dilapidated condition. Since 1856, about 350 Buddha bronzes have been found at Nagapattinam, dating from the 11th to the 16th century.<ref name=autogenerated1 />

	==History==		==History==
	The heritage of Nagapattinam is mentioned in the [[Myanmar\|Burmese]] historical text of 3rd century B.C. which mentions a Buddha vihara built by the emperor [[Ashoka]]. The Chinese traveler [[Xuanzang]] also mentioned the vihara. Nagappattinam is mentioned as Padarithitha in the ancient Buddhist literature. {{Citation needed\|date=February 2007}}

	~~The Anaimangalam~~ copperplate of [[~~Kulothunga~~ Chola I]] ~~mentions that Kasiba Thera (Buddhist Monk) renovated~~ the ~~shrine in 6th century AD~~ with the ~~help~~ of ~~monks of "Naganadu" (Nagapattinam)~~. The ~~Pallava King [[Narasimhavarman II\|Rajasimha]]~~ (~~690–728~~) ~~permitted a Chinese king to build Buddha vihara in Nagappattinam~~.<ref>~~South Indian Inscriptions, Volume 12, ASI~~</ref>		According to the copperplate record of [[Chola]] king Rajaraja, the Sailendra king, Sri Mara-vijayottunga-varman constructed the vihara with the support of Rajaraja. The copperplate is in Leiden University (Holland). <ref>{{cite web \| url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/arts-and-culture/heritage/mystery-of-a-royal-grant/article6004551.ece \| title=Mystery of a royal grant \| date=11 May 2014 }}</ref>

	~~According to the copperplate record~~ of ~~[[Chola]] king Rajaraja~~, the ~~Sailendra king, Sri Mara-vijayottunga-varman constructed the vihara with the support of Rajaraja~~.~~{{fact\|date=July 2020}}~~		One statue, now at John D. Rockefeller Collection of Asian Art in New York, has an inscription that mentions that this Buddha was created to be carried in a procession during the temple’s sacred festival. The inscription has been translated by Vidya Dehejia as:

	~~It is written~~ in ~~Ponniyin Selvan~~ by ~~Kalki that~~ the ~~copperplate was moved to Leiden Museum~~ (~~Holland~~).{{~~fact~~\|date=~~July 2020~~}}		:''Well-being [and] prosperity. The nayakar [Buddha], of all of the eighteen countries, of the metalworkers. The procession image, for the sacred festival of the [[Alvars\|alvar]] temple, which was caused to be taken in procession by the respected one (utaiyar) endowed of the four gunas from Cirutavur; [in] the perum-palli (great place of worship or great vihara) of the metalworkers, [in] the perum-palli of Rajendra Chola.''<ref>[http://www.asiasocietymuseum.org/region_object.asp?RegionID=1&CountryID=1&ChapterID=7&ObjectID=520 Asia Society: The Collection In Context<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060626043704/http://www.asiasocietymuseum.org/region_object.asp?RegionID=1&CountryID=1&ChapterID=7&ObjectID=520 \|date=2006-06-26 }}</ref>

	One statue, now at John D. Rockefeller Collection of Asian Art in New York, has an inscription that mentions that this Buddha was created to be carried in a procession during the temple’s sacred festival. The inscription has been translated by Vidya Dehejia as:

	:''Well-being [and] prosperity. The nayakar [Buddha], of all of the eighteen countries, of the metalworkers. The procession image, for the sacred festival of the alvar temple, which was caused to be taken in procession by the respected one (utaiyar) endowed of the four gunas from Cirutavur; [in] the perum-palli (great place of worship or great vihara) of the metalworkers, [in] the perum-palli of Rajendra Chola.''<ref>[http://www.asiasocietymuseum.org/region_object.asp?RegionID=1&CountryID=1&ChapterID=7&ObjectID=520 Asia Society: The Collection In Context<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060626043704/http://www.asiasocietymuseum.org/region_object.asp?RegionID=1&CountryID=1&ChapterID=7&ObjectID=520 \|date=2006-06-26 }}</ref>

	==Notes==		==Notes==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}

	* The Chudamani Vihara was demolished by a tsunami a while after the visit of The Chinese traveler [[Xuanzang]]


	==References==		==References==
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	[[Category:Defunct Buddhist monasteries]]		[[Category:Defunct Buddhist monasteries]]
	[[Category:Buddhist monasteries in India]]		[[Category:Buddhist monasteries in India]]
	[[Category:~~History of~~ Tamil Nadu]]		[[Category:Medieval Tamil Nadu]]
	[[Category:~~Buddhism amongst Tamils~~]]		[[Category:Buddhist temples in Tamil Nadu]]

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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
'''Chudamani Vihara''' was a [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] [[vihara]] (monastery) in [[Nagapattinam]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. Chudamani Vihara was constructed in 1006 CE<ref name=autogenerated1>{{Cite web |url=http://www.buddhistnews.tv/current/tamil-nadu-100704.php |title=buddhist teachings hindu meditation tibetan at buddhistnews.tv |access-date=21 June 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009222827/http://www.buddhistnews.tv/current/tamil-nadu-100704.php |archive-date=9 October 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> by the [[Srivijaya]]n king Sri Vijaya [[Maravijayattungavarman]] with the patronage of [[Rajaraja Chola I|Rajaraja Chola]].<ref>Keay, John, India: A History, pp 222-223</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nio.org/past_events/archaeology/sridhar.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2006-10-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208135309/http://www.nio.org/past_events/archaeology/sridhar.pdf |archive-date=2007-02-08 }}</ref> The vihara building survived in dilapidated condition. Since 1856, about 350 Buddha bronzes have been found at Nagapattinam, dating from the 11th to the 16th century.<ref name=autogenerated1 />

==History==
The heritage of Nagapattinam is mentioned in the [[Myanmar|Burmese]] historical text of 3rd century B.C. which mentions a Buddha vihara built by the emperor [[Ashoka]]. The Chinese traveler [[Xuanzang]] also mentioned the vihara. Nagappattinam is mentioned as Padarithitha in the ancient Buddhist literature. {{Citation needed|date=February 2007}}

The Anaimangalam copperplate of [[Kulothunga Chola I]] mentions that Kasiba Thera (Buddhist Monk) renovated the shrine in 6th century AD with the help of monks of "Naganadu" (Nagapattinam). The Pallava King [[Narasimhavarman II|Rajasimha]] (690–728) permitted a Chinese king to build Buddha vihara in Nagappattinam.<ref>South Indian Inscriptions, Volume 12, ASI</ref>

According to the copperplate record of [[Chola]] king Rajaraja, the Sailendra king, Sri Mara-vijayottunga-varman constructed the vihara with the support of Rajaraja.{{fact|date=July 2020}}

It is written in Ponniyin Selvan by Kalki that the copperplate was moved to Leiden Museum (Holland).{{fact|date=July 2020}}

One statue, now at John D. Rockefeller Collection of Asian Art in New York, has an inscription that mentions that this Buddha was created to be carried in a procession during the temple’s sacred festival. The inscription has been translated by Vidya Dehejia as:

:''Well-being [and] prosperity. The nayakar [Buddha], of all of the eighteen countries, of the metalworkers. The procession image, for the sacred festival of the alvar temple, which was caused to be taken in procession by the respected one (utaiyar) endowed of the four gunas from Cirutavur; [in] the perum-palli (great place of worship or great vihara) of the metalworkers, [in] the perum-palli of Rajendra Chola.''<ref>[http://www.asiasocietymuseum.org/region_object.asp?RegionID=1&CountryID=1&ChapterID=7&ObjectID=520 Asia Society: The Collection In Context] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060626043704/http://www.asiasocietymuseum.org/region_object.asp?RegionID=1&CountryID=1&ChapterID=7&ObjectID=520 |date=2006-06-26 }}</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

* The Chudamani Vihara was demolished by a tsunami a while after the visit of The Chinese traveler [[Xuanzang]]

==References==
* {{cite book | first= John | last= Keay | year=2001 | title= India: A History | publisher= Grove Press | location= New York| isbn= 0-8021-3797-0}}

==External links==
* [http://www.asianart.com/exhibitions/nies/8.html Buddha 14th century] Formerly in the collection of Mrs. W. van Hoogstraten-Fetlaer, Netherlands.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141009222827/http://www.buddhistnews.tv/current/tamil-nadu-100704.php Bodhi's Tamil Afterglow] Outlook India, 7 July 2004
* [http://www.chennaimuseum.org/draft/gallery/01/05/051/budd1.htm Nagapattinam Buddhas] at the Chennai Museum
* [http://www.nortonsimon.org/collections/browse_object_type.asp?objtype=Sculpture&page=6&resultnum=68 Buddha Shakyamuni] Norton Simon Museum
* [http://www.artic.edu/artaccess/AA_India/pages/India_9.shtml# Buddha Shakyamuni] Art Institute of Chicago
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060626043704/http://www.asiasocietymuseum.org/region_object.asp?RegionID=1&CountryID=1&ChapterID=7&ObjectID=520 procession Buddha] John D. Rockefeller Collection of Asian Art in New York
* [http://www.artic.edu/aic/collections/asian/highlight_item?acc=1964.556 Buddha, 12th century]{{Dead link|date=July 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Art Institute of Chicago
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061210184751/http://www.hindustantimes.com/news/5983_1657214%2C00430014.htm Tracing the Sri Lanka-Kerala link] Hindustan Times 23 March 2006

{{coord missing|Tamil Nadu}}

{{Nagapattinam district}}

[[Category:Defunct Buddhist monasteries]]
[[Category:Buddhist monasteries in India]]
[[Category:History of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Buddhism amongst Tamils]]