Christianity in Punjab, India - Revision history

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	== History ==		== History ==
	The Christians of colonial India were active in the [[Indian National Congress]] and wider [[Indian independence movement]], being collectively represented in the [[All India Conference of Indian Christians]], which advocated for [[swaraj]] and [[opposition to the partition of India\|opposed the partition of India]].<ref name="Thomas1974">{{cite book \|last1=Thomas \|first1=Abraham Vazhayil \|title=Christians in Secular India \|date=1974 \|publisher=Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press \|isbn=978-0-8386-1021-3 \|~~page~~=~~106-110~~ \|language=English}}</ref><ref name="Oddie2001">{{cite journal \|last1=Oddie \|first1=Geoffrey A. \|title=Indian Christians and National Identity 1870-1947 \|journal=The Journal of Religious History \|date=2001 \|volume=25 \|issue=3 \|~~page~~=357, 361}}</ref><ref name="Pinto2017">{{cite journal \|last1=Pinto \|first1=Ambrose \|title=Christian Contribution to the Freedom Struggle \|journal=Mainstream \|date=19 August 2017 \|volume=LV \|issue=35 \|language=English}}</ref>		The Christians of colonial India were active in the [[Indian National Congress]] and wider [[Indian independence movement]], being collectively represented in the [[All India Conference of Indian Christians]], which advocated for [[swaraj]] and [[opposition to the partition of India\|opposed the partition of India]].<ref name="Thomas1974">{{cite book \|last1=Thomas \|first1=Abraham Vazhayil \|title=Christians in Secular India \|date=1974 \|publisher=Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press \|isbn=978-0-8386-1021-3 \|pages=106–110 \|language=English}}</ref><ref name="Oddie2001">{{cite journal \|last1=Oddie \|first1=Geoffrey A. \|title=Indian Christians and National Identity 1870-1947 \|journal=The Journal of Religious History \|date=2001 \|volume=25 \|issue=3 \|pages=357, 361}}</ref><ref name="Pinto2017">{{cite journal \|last1=Pinto \|first1=Ambrose \|title=Christian Contribution to the Freedom Struggle \|journal=Mainstream \|date=19 August 2017 \|volume=LV \|issue=35 \|language=English}}</ref>

	The meeting of the All India Conference of Indian Christians in [[Lahore]] in December 1922, which had a large attendance of Punjabis, resolved that the clergymen of the Church in India should be drawn from the ranks of Indians, rather than foreigners.<ref name="Webster2018">{{cite book \|last1=Webster \|first1=John C. B. \|title=A Social History of Christianity: North-west India since 1800 \|date=2018 \|publisher=Oxford University Press \|isbn=978-0-19-909757-9 \|language=English \|quote=In December 1921, the Punjabi-dominated meetings of the All India Conference of Indian Christians in Lahore was more cautious in their proposals but less cautious in the rationale they offered. They passed resolutions, first indicating that the Protestant missions 'should be completely merged in the Indian Church and that in future all Foreign Missionaries should be related to it', and then urging the missions in the meantime to 'appoint Indians of ability and character on an increasing scale'. Among their supporting arguments were that 'Indian Christians are not going to put up with colour and racial distinctions', that foreign missionaries could not solve the community's problems 'because of lack of sympathy', that the missions were too divided by denominational differences to bring about a united Indian Church, and that 'In these days Indians look up to Indians and do not pay much attention to foreigners.'}}</ref> The AICIC also stated that Indian Christians would not tolerate any discrimination based on race or skin colour.<ref name="Webster2018"/>		The meeting of the All India Conference of Indian Christians in [[Lahore]] in December 1922, which had a large attendance of Punjabis, resolved that the clergymen of the Church in India should be drawn from the ranks of Indians, rather than foreigners.<ref name="Webster2018">{{cite book \|last1=Webster \|first1=John C. B. \|title=A Social History of Christianity: North-west India since 1800 \|date=2018 \|publisher=Oxford University Press \|isbn=978-0-19-909757-9 \|language=English \|quote=In December 1921, the Punjabi-dominated meetings of the All India Conference of Indian Christians in Lahore was more cautious in their proposals but less cautious in the rationale they offered. They passed resolutions, first indicating that the Protestant missions 'should be completely merged in the Indian Church and that in future all Foreign Missionaries should be related to it', and then urging the missions in the meantime to 'appoint Indians of ability and character on an increasing scale'. Among their supporting arguments were that 'Indian Christians are not going to put up with colour and racial distinctions', that foreign missionaries could not solve the community's problems 'because of lack of sympathy', that the missions were too divided by denominational differences to bring about a united Indian Church, and that 'In these days Indians look up to Indians and do not pay much attention to foreigners.'}}</ref> The AICIC also stated that Indian Christians would not tolerate any discrimination based on race or skin colour.<ref name="Webster2018"/>

	[[Surendra Kumar Datta\|S. K. Datta]] of [[Lahore]], who served as the principal of [[Forman Christian College]], became the president of the All India Conference of Indian Christians, representing the Indian Christian community at the [[Round Table Conferences (India)\|Second Round Table Conference]], where he agreed with [[Mahatma Gandhi]]'s views on minorities and Depressed Classes.<ref name="BlackHymanSmith2014">{{cite book \|last1=Black \|first1=Brian \|last2=Hyman \|first2=Gavin \|last3=Smith \|first3=Graham M. \|title=Confronting Secularism in Europe and India: Legitimacy and Disenchantment in Contemporary Times \|date=2014 \|publisher=A&C Black \|isbn=978-1-78093-607-9 \|~~page~~=~~88-91~~ \|language=English}}</ref>		[[Surendra Kumar Datta\|S. K. Datta]] of [[Lahore]], who served as the principal of [[Forman Christian College]], became the president of the All India Conference of Indian Christians, representing the Indian Christian community at the [[Round Table Conferences (India)\|Second Round Table Conference]], where he agreed with [[Mahatma Gandhi]]'s views on minorities and Depressed Classes.<ref name="BlackHymanSmith2014">{{cite book \|last1=Black \|first1=Brian \|last2=Hyman \|first2=Gavin \|last3=Smith \|first3=Graham M. \|title=Confronting Secularism in Europe and India: Legitimacy and Disenchantment in Contemporary Times \|date=2014 \|publisher=A&C Black \|isbn=978-1-78093-607-9 \|pages=88–91 \|language=English}}</ref>

	On 30 October 1945, the All India Conference of Indian Christians formed a joint committee with the [[All India Catholic Union\|Catholic Union of India]] that passed a resolution in which, "in the future constitution of India, the profession, practice and propagation of religion should be guaranteed and that a change of religion should not involve any civil or political disability."<ref name="Thomas1974"/> This joint committee enabled the Christians in colonial India to stand united, and in front of the British Parliamentary Delegation "the committee members unanimously supported the move for independence and expressed complete confidence in the future of the community in India."<ref name="Thomas1974"/> The office for this joint committee was opened in [[Delhi]], in which the Vice-Chancellor of [[Andhra University]] M. Rahnasamy served as President and B.L. Rallia Ram of [[Lahore]] served as General Secretary.<ref name="Thomas1974"/> Six members of the joint committee were elected to the [[Constituent Assembly of India\|Minorities Committee of the Constituent Assembly]].<ref name="Thomas1974"/> In its meeting on 16 April 1947 and 17 April 1947, the joint committee of the All India Conference of Indian Christians and Catholic Union of India prepared a 13 point memorandum that was sent to the Constituent Assembly of India, which asked for [[religious freedom]] for both organisations and individuals; this came to be reflected in the Constitution of India.<ref name="Thomas1974"/>		On 30 October 1945, the All India Conference of Indian Christians formed a joint committee with the [[All India Catholic Union\|Catholic Union of India]] that passed a resolution in which, "in the future constitution of India, the profession, practice and propagation of religion should be guaranteed and that a change of religion should not involve any civil or political disability."<ref name="Thomas1974"/> This joint committee enabled the Christians in colonial India to stand united, and in front of the British Parliamentary Delegation "the committee members unanimously supported the move for independence and expressed complete confidence in the future of the community in India."<ref name="Thomas1974"/> The office for this joint committee was opened in [[Delhi]], in which the Vice-Chancellor of [[Andhra University]] M. Rahnasamy served as President and B.L. Rallia Ram of [[Lahore]] served as General Secretary.<ref name="Thomas1974"/> Six members of the joint committee were elected to the [[Constituent Assembly of India\|Minorities Committee of the Constituent Assembly]].<ref name="Thomas1974"/> In its meeting on 16 April 1947 and 17 April 1947, the joint committee of the All India Conference of Indian Christians and Catholic Union of India prepared a 13 point memorandum that was sent to the Constituent Assembly of India, which asked for [[religious freedom]] for both organisations and individuals; this came to be reflected in the Constitution of India.<ref name="Thomas1974"/>

2402:E280:3E1D:70D:8542:4560:6E5C:D0D7: updated it

2021-09-29T02:03:10Z

updated it

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
[[Christianity|Christians]] form 1.3% of the total population in [[Punjab, India]]. [[Hindus]], [[Muslims]] and [[Sikhs]] r the other religions in the state. John Lowrie and William Reed were missionaries who went there in 1834.<ref>{{cite web |last=Juergensmeyer |first=Mark |url=http://www.religion-online.org/showarticle.asp?title=1835 |title=The Fading of an Era: The Last Missionaries in the Punjab |work=Christian Century |date=22 December 1976 |access-date=5 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706154942/http://religion-online.org/showarticle.asp?title=1835 |archive-date=6 July 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Diocese of Amritsar]] of the [[Church of North India]] has its seat in Punjab as does the Roman Catholic diocese of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Jalandhar|Jalandhar]]. There are thousands of settlements with a Christian congregation.<ref name=DMG>{{cite web |url=http://www.dmgint.de/index.php?id=222 |title=Indien: Großartiges Gemeindewachstum in Punjab |publisher=[[Deutsche Missionsgemeinschaft]] |language=German |access-date=11 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322092733/http://www.dmgint.de/index.php?id=222 |archive-date=22 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> From 1881 to 1891 the Christian population of the then still united Punjab increased rapidly.<ref>{{cite web |last=Krüppner |first=Thomas |url=http://www.suedasien.info/analysen/1685 |title=Konversion und Rekonversion im Hinduismus |publisher=Suedasien.info |date=11 November 2006 |language=German |access-date=5 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304204912/http://www.suedasien.info/analysen/1685 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Denominations: United Churches of North India (UCNI), Protestant Church, Methodist Church, Presbyterian Church,<ref name=DMG/> [[Roman Catholic Church]], [[Eternal Light Ministries]], [[Kashmir Evangelical Fellowship]], the Pentecostal Mission, Pentecostal and Independent Churches.

== History ==
The Christians of colonial India were active in the [[Indian National Congress]] and wider [[Indian independence movement]], being collectively represented in the [[All India Conference of Indian Christians]], which advocated for [[swaraj]] and [[opposition to the partition of India|opposed the partition of India]].<ref name="Thomas1974">{{cite book |last1=Thomas |first1=Abraham Vazhayil |title=Christians in Secular India |date=1974 |publisher=Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press |isbn=978-0-8386-1021-3 |page=106-110 |language=English}}</ref><ref name="Oddie2001">{{cite journal |last1=Oddie |first1=Geoffrey A. |title=Indian Christians and National Identity 1870-1947 |journal=The Journal of Religious History |date=2001 |volume=25 |issue=3 |page=357, 361}}</ref><ref name="Pinto2017">{{cite journal |last1=Pinto |first1=Ambrose |title=Christian Contribution to the Freedom Struggle |journal=Mainstream |date=19 August 2017 |volume=LV |issue=35 |language=English}}</ref>

The meeting of the All India Conference of Indian Christians in [[Lahore]] in December 1922, which had a large attendance of Punjabis, resolved that the clergymen of the Church in India should be drawn from the ranks of Indians, rather than foreigners.<ref name="Webster2018">{{cite book |last1=Webster |first1=John C. B. |title=A Social History of Christianity: North-west India since 1800 |date=2018 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-909757-9 |language=English |quote=In December 1921, the Punjabi-dominated meetings of the All India Conference of Indian Christians in Lahore was more cautious in their proposals but less cautious in the rationale they offered. They passed resolutions, first indicating that the Protestant missions 'should be completely merged in the Indian Church and that in future all Foreign Missionaries should be related to it', and then urging the missions in the meantime to 'appoint Indians of ability and character on an increasing scale'. Among their supporting arguments were that 'Indian Christians are not going to put up with colour and racial distinctions', that foreign missionaries could not solve the community's problems 'because of lack of sympathy', that the missions were too divided by denominational differences to bring about a united Indian Church, and that 'In these days Indians look up to Indians and do not pay much attention to foreigners.'}}</ref> The AICIC also stated that Indian Christians would not tolerate any discrimination based on race or skin colour.<ref name="Webster2018"/>

[[Surendra Kumar Datta|S. K. Datta]] of [[Lahore]], who served as the principal of [[Forman Christian College]], became the president of the All India Conference of Indian Christians, representing the Indian Christian community at the [[Round Table Conferences (India)|Second Round Table Conference]], where he agreed with [[Mahatma Gandhi]]'s views on minorities and Depressed Classes.<ref name="BlackHymanSmith2014">{{cite book |last1=Black |first1=Brian |last2=Hyman |first2=Gavin |last3=Smith |first3=Graham M. |title=Confronting Secularism in Europe and India: Legitimacy and Disenchantment in Contemporary Times |date=2014 |publisher=A&C Black |isbn=978-1-78093-607-9 |page=88-91 |language=English}}</ref>

On 30 October 1945, the All India Conference of Indian Christians formed a joint committee with the [[All India Catholic Union|Catholic Union of India]] that passed a resolution in which, "in the future constitution of India, the profession, practice and propagation of religion should be guaranteed and that a change of religion should not involve any civil or political disability."<ref name="Thomas1974"/> This joint committee enabled the Christians in colonial India to stand united, and in front of the British Parliamentary Delegation "the committee members unanimously supported the move for independence and expressed complete confidence in the future of the community in India."<ref name="Thomas1974"/> The office for this joint committee was opened in [[Delhi]], in which the Vice-Chancellor of [[Andhra University]] M. Rahnasamy served as President and B.L. Rallia Ram of [[Lahore]] served as General Secretary.<ref name="Thomas1974"/> Six members of the joint committee were elected to the [[Constituent Assembly of India|Minorities Committee of the Constituent Assembly]].<ref name="Thomas1974"/> In its meeting on 16 April 1947 and 17 April 1947, the joint committee of the All India Conference of Indian Christians and Catholic Union of India prepared a 13 point memorandum that was sent to the Constituent Assembly of India, which asked for [[religious freedom]] for both organisations and individuals; this came to be reflected in the Constitution of India.<ref name="Thomas1974"/>

==Demographics==
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right;"
|+ Christians in Punjab
! Year !! Number !! Percentage
|-
| 2001<ref name="religion1">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/C_Series/Population_by_religious_communities.htm|title=Total population by religious communities|publisher=Censusindia.gov.in|access-date=20 November 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080119031333/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/C_Series/Population_by_religious_communities.htm|archive-date=19 January 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref>|| <center>292,800</center> || <center>1.20</center>
|-
| 2011<ref name="religion2">{{cite web|publisher=Census Department, Government of India|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/c-01.html|title=Indian Census 2011|access-date=25 August 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913045700/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html|archive-date=13 September 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref>|| <center>348,230</center> || <center>1.26</center>
|-
|}

===Percentage by district===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!S.No
!District
!Christianity
|-
|1
|[[Amritsar district|Amritsar]]
|2.18%
|-
|2
|[[Barnala district|Barnala]]
|0.10%
|-
|3
|[[Bathinda district|Bathinda]]
|0.18%
|-
|4
|[[Faridkot district|Faridkot]]
|0.20%
|-
|5
|[[Fatehgarh Sahib district|Fatehgarh Sahib]]
|0.28%
|-
|6
|[[Firozpur district|Firozpur]]
|0.95%
|-
|7
|[[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]]
|7.68%
|-
|8
|[[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]]
|0.94%
|-
|9
|[[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]]
|1.19%
|-
|10
|[[Kapurthala district|Kapurthala]]
|0.67%
|-
|11
|[[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]]
|0.47%
|-
|12
|[[Mansa district, India|Mansa]]
|0.12%
|-
|13
|[[Moga district|Moga]]
|0.33%
|-
|14
|[[Muktsar district|Muktsar]]
|0.19%
|-
|15
|[[Patiala district|Patiala]]
|0.30%
|-
|16
|[[Rupnagar district|Rupnagar]]
|0.31%
|-
|17
|[[Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar district|Mohali]]
|0.54%
|-
|18
|[[Sangrur district|Sangrur]]
|0.15%
|-
|19
|[[Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar district|Nawanshehar]]
|0.24%
|-
|20
|[[Tarn Taran district|Tarn Taran]]
|0.54%
|-
| colspan="2" |'''Punjab''' (Total)
|1.26%
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Christianity in India by region}}

[[Category:Christianity in Punjab, India| ]]
[[Category:Religion in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Social groups of Punjab, India]]