Chowta dynasty (Tulu Nadu) - Revision history

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	{{~~short~~ description\|Jain dynasty ~~that ruled parts of~~ the Tulu Nadu region ~~during the 12th{{snd}}18th centuries~~}}		{{Short description\|Jain dynasty ruling in the Tulu Nadu region}}
	{{more citations needed\|date=December 2020}}		{{more citations needed\|date=December 2020}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=December 2020}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=December 2020}}
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	The '''Chowta dynasty''' was a [[~~Digambara~~]] [[Jainism\|Jain]] dynasty that ruled parts of the [[Tulu Nadu]] region during the 12th{{snd}}18th centuries.<ref>34:XVIII,10; Bhatt, Tuluva:68-78; Mahalingam, Mackenzie MSS:II,491-496; Ramesh, A History of South Kanara:159-160; Stuart, South Canara:257; Sturrock, South Canara:54-56,73,75,83,189</ref><ref name="Shrinivas Hinge- Indians Must Know: Let's Be Proud">{{cite book \|last1=Hinge \|first1=Shrinivas \|title=Indians Must Know: Let's Be Proud \|date=31 July 2019 \|publisher=Notion Press \|isbn=9781645872962 \|pages=140 \|edition=Paperback \|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/INDIANS_MUST_KNOW/qF2mDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Chowta+dynasty%22&pg=PT71&printsec=frontcover \|access-date=27 December 2020}}</ref>		The '''Chowta dynasty''' was a [[Sthānakavāsī\|Sthanakwasi]] [[Jainism\|Jain]] dynasty that ruled parts of the [[Tulu Nadu]] region during the 12th{{snd}}18th centuries.<ref>34:XVIII,10; Bhatt, Tuluva:68-78; Mahalingam, Mackenzie MSS:II,491-496; Ramesh, A History of South Kanara:159-160; Stuart, South Canara:257; Sturrock, South Canara:54-56,73,75,83,189</ref><ref name="Shrinivas Hinge- Indians Must Know: Let's Be Proud">{{cite book \|last1=Hinge \|first1=Shrinivas \|title=Indians Must Know: Let's Be Proud \|date=31 July 2019 \|publisher=Notion Press \|isbn=9781645872962 \|pages=140 \|edition=Paperback \|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/INDIANS_MUST_KNOW/qF2mDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Chowta+dynasty%22&pg=PT71&printsec=frontcover \|access-date=27 December 2020}}</ref>

	==History==		==History==
	The Chowtas had migrated from [[Gujarat]] in probably the 12th century. The succession to the throne was as per the Bunt custom of matrilineal inheritance ([[Aliyasantana]]).<ref name="Gayathri Ponvannan- Unstoppable: 75 Stories of Trailblazing Indian Women">{{cite book \|last1=Ponvannan \|first1=Gayathri \|title=Unstoppable: 75 Stories of Trailblazing Indian Women \|date=15 January 2019 \|publisher=Hachette India \|isbn=9789388322010 \|pages=272 \|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Unstoppable/ZvJ_DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Chowta+dynasty%22&pg=PT24&printsec=frontcover \|access-date=27 December 2020}}</ref><ref name="Shrinivas Hinge- Indians Must Know: Let's Be Proud"/> Their kingdom was very small, containing around only 200 villages, but the land was very fertile.<ref name="Gayathri Ponvannan- Unstoppable: 75 Stories of Trailblazing Indian Women"/>		The Chowtas had migrated from [[Gujarat]] in probably the 12th century due to Islamic conquests. The succession to the throne was as per the Bunt custom of matrilineal inheritance ([[Aliyasantana]]).<ref name="Gayathri Ponvannan- Unstoppable: 75 Stories of Trailblazing Indian Women">{{cite book \|last1=Ponvannan \|first1=Gayathri \|title=Unstoppable: 75 Stories of Trailblazing Indian Women \|date=15 January 2019 \|publisher=Hachette India \|isbn=9789388322010 \|pages=272 \|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Unstoppable/ZvJ_DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Chowta+dynasty%22&pg=PT24&printsec=frontcover \|access-date=27 December 2020}}</ref><ref name="Shrinivas Hinge- Indians Must Know: Let's Be Proud"/> Their kingdom was very small, containing around only 200 villages, but the land was very fertile.<ref name="Gayathri Ponvannan- Unstoppable: 75 Stories of Trailblazing Indian Women"/>
	They initially ruled from their capital at [[Ullal]], which was a very prosperous city and busy centre of trade<ref name="Gayathri Ponvannan- Unstoppable: 75 Stories of Trailblazing Indian Women"/><ref name="Shrinivas Hinge- Indians Must Know: Let's Be Proud"/> The first known king of the Dynasty was Tirumalaraya Chowta I (1160{{snd}}1179). His successor, Channaraya Chowta I (reign 1179{{snd}}1219), moved it inland to the city of [[Puthige, Dakshina Kannada\|Puthige]].The principality of Chowta split in 1544, with two separate capitals, one at [[Ullal]], under the renowned Queen [[Abbakka Chowta]],<ref name="Shrinivas Hinge- Indians Must Know: Let's Be Proud"/> and another at Puttige.		They initially ruled from their capital at [[Ullal]], which was a very prosperous city and busy centre of trade<ref name="Gayathri Ponvannan- Unstoppable: 75 Stories of Trailblazing Indian Women"/><ref name="Shrinivas Hinge- Indians Must Know: Let's Be Proud"/> The first known king of the Dynasty was Tirumalaraya Chowta I (1160{{snd}}1179). His successor, Channaraya Chowta I (reign 1179{{snd}}1219), moved it inland to the city of [[Puthige, Dakshina Kannada\|Puthige]].The principality of Chowta split in 1544, with two separate capitals, one at [[Ullal]], under the renowned Queen [[Abbakka Chowta]],<ref name="Shrinivas Hinge- Indians Must Know: Let's Be Proud"/> and another at Puttige.

	===Decline===		===Decline===
	The Ullal branch seems to have become extinct and {{circa}} 1603, the Chowta moved their capital to [[Moodabidri]]. In succeeding years Chowta power had greatly diminished due to invasions by [[Hyder Ali]] and [[Tipu Sultan]] with whom they signed treaties. Chandrasekhara Chikkaraya Chowta V was the last Chowta king who had some authority. He reigned from 1783 to 1822. Following the conquest of [[South Canara]] by the [[United Kingdom\|British]] the Chowtas lost all their power except that they received a small pension from the then government. Descendants of the chowta rulers still survive and inhabit the ''Chowtara Aramane'' (Chowta Palace) of [[Moodabidri]], which is known for its ornate carvings such as the Nava Nari Kunjara (Nine Damsel Elephant).<ref name=MEA>{{cite web\|last=M.K. DHARMA RAJA\|title=Enchanting Woodcraft of a Medieval Palace in Karnataka\|url=http://meaindia.nic.in/mystart.php?id=50052002englishjan\|work=January 2002\|publisher=India Perspectives, Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India\|accessdate=6 January 2012}}</ref>		The Ullal branch seems to have become extinct and {{circa}} 1603, the Chowta moved their capital to [[Moodabidri]]. In succeeding years Chowta power had greatly diminished due to invasions by [[Hyder Ali]] and [[Tipu Sultan]] with whom they signed treaties and also had to give up most of their territory. Chandrasekhara Chikkaraya Chowta V was the last Chowta king who had some authority. He reigned from 1783 to 1822. Following the conquest of [[South Canara]] by the [[United Kingdom\|British]] the Chowtas lost all their power except that they received a small pension from the then government. Descendants of the chowta rulers still survive and inhabit the ''Chowtara Aramane'' (Chowta Palace) of [[Moodabidri]], which is known for its ornate carvings such as the Nava Nari Kunjara (Nine Damsel Elephant).<ref name=MEA>{{cite web\|last=M.K. DHARMA RAJA\|title=Enchanting Woodcraft of a Medieval Palace in Karnataka\|url=http://meaindia.nic.in/mystart.php?id=50052002englishjan\|work=January 2002\|publisher=India Perspectives, Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India\|accessdate=6 January 2012}}</ref>

	==See also==		==See also==

2405:204:5492:F6BC:CD9B:A9E0:A43E:6E68: Rv / v last best version

2021-05-27T04:01:24Z

Rv / v last best version

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{{short description|Jain dynasty that ruled parts of the Tulu Nadu region during the 12th{{snd}}18th centuries}}
{{more citations needed|date=December 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2020}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Chowtas of Moodabidri
| common_name = Chowta dynasty
| year_start = 12th century
| year_end = 18th century
| event_end =
| capital = [[Puthige, Dakshina Kannada|Puthige]], [[Ullal]] & [[Moodabidri]]
| government_type = Monarchy
| p1 = Alupa dynasty
| p2 =
| s1 = Nayakas of Keladi
| s2 = Portuguese India
| s3 = British Raj
| religion = [[Jainism]]
| today = [[Karnataka]]
}}

The '''Chowta dynasty''' was a [[Digambara]] [[Jainism|Jain]] dynasty that ruled parts of the [[Tulu Nadu]] region during the 12th{{snd}}18th centuries.<ref>34:XVIII,10; Bhatt, Tuluva:68-78; Mahalingam, Mackenzie MSS:II,491-496; Ramesh, A History of South Kanara:159-160; Stuart, South Canara:257; Sturrock, South Canara:54-56,73,75,83,189</ref><ref name="Shrinivas Hinge- Indians Must Know: Let's Be Proud">{{cite book |last1=Hinge |first1=Shrinivas |title=Indians Must Know: Let's Be Proud |date=31 July 2019 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=9781645872962 |pages=140 |edition=Paperback |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/INDIANS_MUST_KNOW/qF2mDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Chowta+dynasty%22&pg=PT71&printsec=frontcover |access-date=27 December 2020}}</ref>

==History==
The Chowtas had migrated from [[Gujarat]] in probably the 12th century. The succession to the throne was as per the Bunt custom of matrilineal inheritance ([[Aliyasantana]]).<ref name="Gayathri Ponvannan- Unstoppable: 75 Stories of Trailblazing Indian Women">{{cite book |last1=Ponvannan |first1=Gayathri |title=Unstoppable: 75 Stories of Trailblazing Indian Women |date=15 January 2019 |publisher=Hachette India |isbn=9789388322010 |pages=272 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Unstoppable/ZvJ_DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Chowta+dynasty%22&pg=PT24&printsec=frontcover |access-date=27 December 2020}}</ref><ref name="Shrinivas Hinge- Indians Must Know: Let's Be Proud"/> Their kingdom was very small, containing around only 200 villages, but the land was very fertile.<ref name="Gayathri Ponvannan- Unstoppable: 75 Stories of Trailblazing Indian Women"/>
They initially ruled from their capital at [[Ullal]], which was a very prosperous city and busy centre of trade<ref name="Gayathri Ponvannan- Unstoppable: 75 Stories of Trailblazing Indian Women"/><ref name="Shrinivas Hinge- Indians Must Know: Let's Be Proud"/> The first known king of the Dynasty was Tirumalaraya Chowta I (1160{{snd}}1179). His successor, Channaraya Chowta I (reign 1179{{snd}}1219), moved it inland to the city of [[Puthige, Dakshina Kannada|Puthige]].The principality of Chowta split in 1544, with two separate capitals, one at [[Ullal]], under the renowned Queen [[Abbakka Chowta]],<ref name="Shrinivas Hinge- Indians Must Know: Let's Be Proud"/> and another at Puttige.

===Decline===
The Ullal branch seems to have become extinct and {{circa}} 1603, the Chowta moved their capital to [[Moodabidri]]. In succeeding years Chowta power had greatly diminished due to invasions by [[Hyder Ali]] and [[Tipu Sultan]] with whom they signed treaties. Chandrasekhara Chikkaraya Chowta V was the last Chowta king who had some authority. He reigned from 1783 to 1822. Following the conquest of [[South Canara]] by the [[United Kingdom|British]] the Chowtas lost all their power except that they received a small pension from the then government. Descendants of the chowta rulers still survive and inhabit the ''Chowtara Aramane'' (Chowta Palace) of [[Moodabidri]], which is known for its ornate carvings such as the Nava Nari Kunjara (Nine Damsel Elephant).<ref name=MEA>{{cite web|last=M.K. DHARMA RAJA|title=Enchanting Woodcraft of a Medieval Palace in Karnataka|url=http://meaindia.nic.in/mystart.php?id=50052002englishjan|work=January 2002|publisher=India Perspectives, Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India|accessdate=6 January 2012}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Abbakka Chowta]], the great Chowta queen who fought the Portuguese colonizers of [[India]].
*[[Alupa dynasty]], another dynasty which ruled in [[Tulu Nadu]] long before the Chowtas.
*[[List of Jain empires and dynasties]]
* [[Chowta (surname)|Chowta]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |url=https://www.asianage.com/india/all-india/121119/rani-abbakka-chowta-was-indias-first-woman-freedom-fighter.html |title=Rani Abbakka Chowta was India's first woman freedom fighter |website=Asian Age |date=November 12, 2019 |author=Shona Adhikari |accessdate= December 1, 2020}}

[[Category:History of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Dynasties of India]]
[[Category:Bunt (community)]]
[[Category:Jain dynasties]]