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'''Choto Rashbari''' or ''Harihar Dham'' of 93, Tollygunge Road, Kolkata - 33 is a Grade-I heritage building under [[Kolkata Municipal Corporation]].<ref>{{cite report|date=February 22, 2009|title=Capacity Building Programme: Graded List of Heritage Buildings|url=https://www.kmcgov.in/KMCPortal/downloads/Graded_List_of_Heritage_Buildings_Grade_I_IIA_IIB.pdf|publisher=Kolkata Municipal Corporation|volume = XI| page = 84| access-date = April 25, 2020}} (Listed as 93, Tollygunge Road, Kolkata)</ref>
[[File:Choto Rasbari Tollygunge.jpg|thumb|Choto Rasbari Tollygunge]]

== History ==

The temples were founded by Pyarilal Mondal and Monimohan Mondal. The construction started on 27th ''Phalgun'', 1252 and it took almost a year to complete. The temples were officially inaugurated on 31st ''Chaitra'', 1253 as per the Bengali calendar and when converted to Gregorian, it comes to April 1847. The temple complex are by the side of [[Adi Ganga]], which one time served as a major pilgrim route and there is also a [[ghat]] named as Choto Rashbari Ghat with four columns; but alas now in pathetic state and the plasters have peeled. There was also a ''nahabatkhana''. Earlier there happened to be a room on either side of the ghat but now a wall has been put up thereby preventing access. A flight of stairs will lead one to the river. The condition of Adi Ganga is also the same as that of the ghat - the river bed is shallow. There are two plaques on either side of the main entrance to the temple. The plaque on the left hand side written in ''payar chanda'',<ref>{{cite book |last=Santra|first=Tarapada|date=January 1, 2001|title=Kirtibas Kolkata|location=Kolkata, West Bengal, India|publisher=Ananda Publishers|isbn=8177561642}}</ref> i.e., one type of rhythm stating the mandatory do's that the visitors to the temple must obey - footwear must be left outside and there is strict no-no for entering the temple on horseback, elephant and [[palanquin]].

[[File:Choto Rasbari Ghat 1.jpg|thumb|Choto Rasbari Ghat]]

== Architecture==

The temple complex comprises a ''nabaratna''{{which lang|date=August 2020}} (nine pinnacled) temple and two ''pancha ratna''{{which lang|date=August 2020}} (five pinnacled) temples on either side.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Das Gupta|first1=Prosenjit|last2=Ghosh|first2=Ayan|date=October 2015|title= Calcutta : Built Heritage Today|edition=2nd|publisher=Intact West Bengal & Calcutta Regional Chapters|isbn=9789382343141}}</ref> There are also ten ''aatchala''{{which lang|date=August 2020}} (eight roofed) Shiva temples. Here ''ratna'' means pinnacle and ''chala'' stands for roof. All the temples are on a raised platform. The entire temple complex is within a large courtyard consisting of black and white marbles in 'checkered pattern'. The ''navaratna'' temple is dedicated to Gopal''ji''. The idol of Shyamsundar''ji'', which was previously brought from Bawali, South 24 Parganas is also worshipped here along with Gopal''ji''. There are also three ''aatchala''{{which lang|date=August 2020}} temples outside the complex.

== Culture ==

Of the twelve Shiva temples apart from the ''nabaratna'' temple of Goipal''ji'', each temple has a Shiva lingam made of ''kosthi pathar'' (touchstone) with a separate name. To name them from the north-eastern side are ''Bhuvaneswar'', ''Ramchandraeswar'', ''Kailashnath'', ''Bhutnath'', ''Sareswar'', ''Gobindachandraeswar'', ''Nakuleswar'', ''Kamalakanteswar'', ''Bholonath'', ''Taraknath'', ''Ratneswar'' and ''Gopeswar''. One thing to note here is that there is a small adjacent room mainly used to keep the ''naibidya''. The rest three Shiva temples which are situated outside the main temple complex are meant for worship for the general public and are dedicated to Shambhunath''ji'', Biswanath''ji'' and Nilkantheswar. The temple of Nilkanthesewar has perished in Adi Ganga more than eighty years ago, according to the head priest of the temple.

[[File:Choto Rasbari 01.jpg|thumb|Choto Rasbari]]

== Festival ==
The main festival here is ''Rash''; but unlike the Rash festival which is held in the Bengali month of ''Kartick'' (November), it is celebrated here in the month of ''Chaitra'' (March–April) on a full moon day and it is a four-day affair. On the first day, the idol of Shyamsundar''ji'' is first coloured in ''Balaram besh'' (white colour); on the second day ''Rakhal besh'' (black colour); on the third day in ''Gouranga besh'' (saffron colour) and on the last day it is ''bhanga rash'' i.e., the end of the festival. Apart from Rash festival, other festivals which are celebrated every year are Phul Dol, Snanyatra, Rathayatra, Janmastami and Jhulanyatra.
Earlier Rash festival was celebrated with pomp and splendour. Previously there was a ''rath'' or chariot which was not used for a long time; but only in 2018, it again took to the road and this chariot had pictures from Kalighat paintings.
There was also a ''Rashmancha'' made of Mahogany wood and though, currently in disuse, it contains stories from ''Krishnalila''. Here the idol was placed during the time of Rash festival.

==References==
{{Reflist}}
[[File:Choto Rasbari 03.jpg|thumb|Choto Rasbari]]

{{coord missing|West Bengal}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Kolkata]]

Choto Rasbari - Revision history

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