>Gotitbro: /* Translation and adaptations */

2021-01-18T00:07:53Z

Translation and adaptations

New page

{{Other uses|Chokher Bali (disambiguation){{!}}Chokher Bali}}
{{Infobox book 
| name = Chokher Bali
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| author = [[Rabindranath Tagore]]
| translator = {{hlist|[[Krishna Kripalani]]|[[Surendranath Tagore]]}}
| cover_artist =
| country = India
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| series =
| genre = Novel
| publisher =
| english_pub_date = 1959
| published = {{unbulleted list |Serialised 1902-03| Book form 1903}}
| media_type = Print
| pages =
| isbn =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
}}

'''''Chokher Bali''''' (চোখের বালি) is a 1903 [[Bengali language|Bengali]] novel by [[Rabindranath Tagore]] that depicts the life of the central character, Binodini, and her relationships with three individuals. It explores the extramarital affair between Binodini, a young widow, and Mahendra, one of the three other main characters, the complicated friendship with Asha, his girl-wife, and her mutually conflicting feelings with Behari, Mahendra's adopted brother. The content also highlighted issues of women literacy, child marriage, patriarchy within the family and the fates of three widows<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/7960309/Portrayal_of_Women_Characters_in_Chokher_Bali_and_Chaturanga|title=Portrayal of Women Characters in Chokher Bali and Chaturanga|first=Ashmita|last=Kemwal}}</ref>

==Title==
The title of the book can be translated as "a grain of sand", a "constant irritant to the eye", or an "eyesore". "Eyesore" was used as the title for its first English translation by [[Surendranath Tagore]] published in 1914. Tagore had used a working title ''Binodini'' before its publication.<ref name="Chokher Bali"/>

==Writing and publication history==
Tagore prepared himself for writing the novel by writing a spree of short stories and it was his first serious effort at a [[novel]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/chokher-bali-a-reader-s-progress-103102801014_1.html|title=Chokher Bali: A reader's progress|first=Nilanjana S.|last=Roy|date=28 October 2003|via=Business Standard}}</ref> He began working on the novel in 1898 or 1899, and a draft version was completed in 1901.<ref name="Chokher Bali"/>

It was first serialized from 1902 to 1903 in the periodical [[Bangadarshan]], then published as a full book in 1903. Some passages were deleted in the initial serialization and publication, but partly restored in the anthology ''Rabindra Rachanabali'' published in 1941, with more restored in an independent edition in 1947.<ref name="Chokher Bali">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zr_x57ZcCuAC&pg=PT5#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Chokher Bali |author= Rabindranath Tagore, Radha Chakravarty |publisher=Random House India |chapter=Introduction |isbn=9788184003635 }}</ref>
==Translation and adaptations==
The first translation of ''Chokher Bali'' was by [[Surendranath Tagore]] which appeared in ''[[Modern Review (Calcutta)|The Modern Review]]'' in 1914.<ref name="Chokher Bali"/> It was then translated into English by [[Krishna Kripalani]], and published under the title of ''Binodini'' in 1959 by the [[Sahitya Akademi]]. It has also been translated into other non-Indian languages including [[Russian language|Russian]] (1959) and [[Chinese language|Chinese]] (1961); and into most of the Indian languages including [[Hindi]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Kannada]], [[Malayalam]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Assamese language| Assamese (translated by Dr. Mahendra Bora, published by Sahitya Akademi in 1968)]] and [[Urdu]]. A [[transliteration]] in [[Devanagari script]], with footnotes in Hindi, was also published by the Sahitya Akademi in 1961.<ref name="Chaudhuri2009">{{cite book|author=Indra Nath Chaudhuri|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: A-CYC|edition=2nd|volume=I|year=2009|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-2384-4|page=1043}}</ref>

''Chokher Bali'' has been adapted a number of times in film, television and theatre. A stage adaptation was first performed in 1904,<ref name="Chokher Bali"/> and other versions were produced on screen and television, for example, ''[[Chokher Bali (film)|Chokher Bali]]'' by [[Rituparno Ghosh]] in 2003, and in the television series ''[[Stories by Rabindranath Tagore]]'' in 2015. The Indian Bengali-language television serial ''[[Chokher Bali (TV series)|Chokher Bali]]'', which aired on [[Zee Bangla]] from 2015–16, was adapted from the novel.

==References==
{{wikisourcelang|bn|চোখের বালি}}
{{reflist}}

{{Rabindranath Tagore}}

[[Category:Novels by Rabindranath Tagore| ]]
[[Category:Indian novels adapted into films]]

Chokher Bali (novel) - Revision history

>Gotitbro: /* Translation and adaptations */