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	Chhan is identified with the Jhain town mentioned in the [[Delhi Sultanate]] chronicles.{{sfn\|Satya Prakash Gupta\|1975\|pp=209-216}} In the late 13th century, Jhain was a part of the [[Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura\|Chahamana]] kingdom, and guarded the approaches to the kingdom's capital Ranthambore.{{sfn\|A. B. M. Habibullah\|1992\|p=318}}		Chhan is identified with the Jhain town mentioned in the [[Delhi Sultanate]] chronicles.{{sfn\|Satya Prakash Gupta\|1975\|pp=209-216}} In the late 13th century, Jhain was a part of the [[Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura\|Chahamana]] kingdom, and guarded the approaches to the kingdom's capital Ranthambore.{{sfn\|A. B. M. Habibullah\|1992\|p=318}}

	According to the Delhi Sultanate chronicles, Jhain was renamed to ''Shahr-i Nau'' ("new town") in 1301. Therefore, historian [[Kishori Saran Lal]] (1950) speculated that Jhain may be the modern Naya Gaon (or Naigaon) village located near Ranthambore.{{sfn\|Banarsi Prasad Saksena\|1992\|p=342}} However, Satya Prakash Gupta (1975) identified Jhain with Chhan (or Chhain), located between Naya Gaon and Ranthambore, around 16 km from Naya Gaon. Gupta notes that according to the [[Mughal empire\|Mughal]] courtier [[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak\|Abul Fazl]], the pass of Jhain led to Ranthambhore. This description fits Chhan, where the road to Ranthambore ascends the hills.{{sfn\|Satya Prakash Gupta\|1975\|p=214}} The Sultanate records also show that Jhain was located very close to Ranthambore: Jhain is located around 11 km south-east of Ranthambore.{{sfn\|Satya Prakash Gupta\|1975\|p=215}}		According to the Delhi Sultanate chronicles, Jhain was renamed to ''Shahr-i Nau'' ("new town") in 1301. Therefore, historian [[Kishori Saran Lal]] (1950) speculated that Jhain may be the modern Naya Gaon (or Naigaon) village located near Ranthambore.{{sfn\|Banarsi Prasad Saksena\|1992\|p=342}} However, Satya Prakash Gupta (1975) identified Jhain with Chhan (or Chhain), located between Naya Gaon and Ranthambore, around 16 km from Naya Gaon. Gupta notes that according to the [[Mughal empire\|Mughal]] courtier [[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak\|Abul Fazl]], the pass of Jhain led to Ranthambhore. This description fits Chhan, where the road to Ranthambore ascends the hills.{{sfn\|Satya Prakash Gupta\|1975\|p=214}} The Sultanate records also show that Jhain was located very close to Ranthambore: Jhain is located around 11 km south-east of Ranthambore.{{sfn\|Satya Prakash Gupta\|1975\|p=215}}

	=== Khalji period ===		=== Khalji period ===

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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chhan
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Jhain, Jhayin
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India#Rajasthan
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|25.89077|76.48234|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = [[Sawai Madhopur district|Sawai Madhopur]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Khandar]]
| seat_type =
| seat =
| government_footnotes =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = {{sfn|Census Handbook|2011|p=60}}
| area_total_km2 = 2.5963
| elevation_m = 223
| population_footnotes = {{sfn|Census Handbook|2011|p=60}}
| population_total = 1015
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number]]
| postal_code = 322001
| area_code_type = STD code
| area_code = 01435
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Chhan''' is a village in the [[Sawai Madhopur]] district of [[Rajasthan]], India. It is identified with '''Jhain''' (or '''Jhayin'''), which is mentioned in the [[Delhi Sultanate]] chronicles as an important town of 13th and 14th century India.

== History ==

Chhan is identified with the Jhain town mentioned in the [[Delhi Sultanate]] chronicles.{{sfn|Satya Prakash Gupta|1975|pp=209-216}} In the late 13th century, Jhain was a part of the [[Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura|Chahamana]] kingdom, and guarded the approaches to the kingdom's capital Ranthambore.{{sfn|A. B. M. Habibullah|1992|p=318}}

According to the Delhi Sultanate chronicles, Jhain was renamed to ''Shahr-i Nau'' ("new town") in 1301. Therefore, historian [[Kishori Saran Lal]] (1950) speculated that Jhain may be the modern Naya Gaon (or Naigaon) village located near Ranthambore.{{sfn|Banarsi Prasad Saksena|1992|p=342}} However, Satya Prakash Gupta (1975) identified Jhain with Chhan (or Chhain), located between Naya Gaon and Ranthambore, around 16 km from Naya Gaon. Gupta notes that according to the [[Mughal empire|Mughal]] courtier [[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak|Abul Fazl]], the pass of Jhain led to Ranthambhore. This description fits Chhan, where the road to Ranthambore ascends the hills.{{sfn|Satya Prakash Gupta|1975|p=214}} The Sultanate records also show that Jhain was located very close to Ranthambore: Jhain is located around 11 km south-east of Ranthambore.{{sfn|Satya Prakash Gupta|1975|p=215}}

=== Khalji period ===

According to ''Miftah al-Futuh'' of the Delhi courtier [[Amir Khusrau]], the Delhi Sultan [[Jalaluddin Khalji]] invaded Jhain in 1291.{{sfn|Peter Jackson|2003|p=132}} When Jalaluddin came close to the Jhain fort, a Chahamana army led by [[Gurdan Saini|Gardan Saini]] came out of the fort and fought the invaders. After the battle ended with a Delhi victory and Saini's death, the remaining Chahamana contingents stationed at Jhain evacuated the fort, and retreated to Ranthambore.{{sfn|A. B. M. Habibullah|1992|p=318}} The invaders subsequently plundered Jhain, and dismantled the fort.{{sfn|A. B. M. Habibullah|1992|p=318}} Jalaluddin admired the non-Islamic sculpture and carvings of Jhain, but being an [[iconoclast]], he broke the idols.{{sfn|A. B. M. Habibullah|1992|pp=318-319}} The ''Miftah al-Futuh'' claims that this battle resulted in deaths of thousands of defenders, but only one Turkic soldier of Delhi was killed.{{sfn|A. B. M. Habibullah|1992|p=319}}

According to [[Ziauddin Barani]]'s ''Tarikh-i-Firuz Shahi'', Jalaluddin planned to conquer Ranthambore, but retreated to avoid loss of Muslim lives. In 1292, the Delhi army invaded Jhain again, obtaining plunder in the process.{{sfn|Peter Jackson|2003|p=133}}

During [[Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Ranthambore]] in 1301, the Delhi army captured Jhain and renamed it to ''Shahr-i Nau'' ("new town").{{sfn|Banarsi Prasad Saksena|1992|p=342}} Alauddin's brother and general [[Ulugh Khan]] was granted Ranthambore and Jhain as [[iqta']].{{sfn|Peter Jackson|2003|p=171}} By the time of Ulugh Khan's successor Malik Izz al-Din Bura Khan, Jhain was subjected to the same land-tax ([[kharaj]]) as the core territories of the Sultanate, indicating that it was now firmly under the control of the Delhi Sultanate.{{sfn|Peter Jackson|2003|p=197}}

=== Mughal period ===

In the [[Mughal Empire]], Jhain was a ''[[pargana]]'' in the Garh Ranthamnbore ''[[sarkar (country subdivision)|sarkar]]'' of the Ajmer ''[[subah]]''. The ''pargana'' was held by [[Jai Singh II]] and his ancestors as ''[[jagir]]'' (fief).{{sfn|Satya Prakash Gupta|1975|p=214}}

== Demographics ==

According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Chhan has 196 households with 1,015 people. The population includes 561 males and 454 females.{{sfn|Census Handbook|2011|p=60}} Of all the villagers, 208 belong to [[Scheduled Castes]], and 502 belong to [[Scheduled Tribes]].{{sfn|Census Handbook|2011|p=61}} 393 of the villagers are illiterate.{{sfn|Census Handbook|2011|p=62}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

=== Bibliography ===

{{ref begin}}
* {{cite book |author=A. B. M. Habibullah |chapter=The Khaljis: Jalaluddin Khalji |editor1=Mohammad Habib |editor2=Khaliq Ahmad Nizami |title=A Comprehensive History of India |volume=5: The Delhi Sultanat (A.D. 1206-1526) |year=1992 |orig-year=1970 |publisher=The Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_9cmAQAAMAAJ |oclc=31870180 }}
* {{cite book |author=Banarsi Prasad Saksena |author-link=Banarsi Prasad Saksena |chapter=The Khaljis: Alauddin Khalji |editor=Mohammad Habib and Khaliq Ahmad Nizami |title=A Comprehensive History of India: The Delhi Sultanat (A.D. 1206-1526) |volume=5 |edition=Second |year=1992 |orig-year=1970 |publisher=The Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_9cmAQAAMAAJ |oclc=31870180 }}
* {{cite book |title=District Census Handbook: Sawai Madhopur |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations - Rajasthan |year=2011 |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0810_PART_B_DCHB%20_SAWAI%20MADHOPUR.pdf |ref={{harvid|Census Handbook|2011}} }}
* {{cite book |author=Peter Jackson |author-link=Peter Jackson (historian) |title=The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lt2tqOpVRKgC&pg=PA221 |year=2003 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-54329-3 }}
* {{cite book |author=Satya Prakash Gupta |chapter=Jhain of the Delhi Sultanate |title=Medieval India: A Miscellany |volume=3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QXtDAAAAYAAJ |year=1975 |publisher=Asia Publishing House |isbn=9780210405819 |oclc=226123586 }}
{{ref end}}

{{Wikiquote}}

[[Category:Villages in Sawai Madhopur district]]
[[Category:Delhi Sultanate]]

Chhan, Sawai Madhopur - Revision history

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>Citation bot: Add: isbn. Removed parameters. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by AManWithNoPlan | Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv | via #UCB_Category 1862/2500